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    Electrical Memory Characteristics of Functional Polymer Self-Assemblies

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    Doctor๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์ž์— ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ค€์œ„, ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜, ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜, ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ์ž…์ฒด๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ 3์ฐจ์› ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ์ž…์ฒด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chapter II์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์‘์„ฑ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ธ Carbazole์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ poly(2-vinyl-9-phenylcarbazole) (PVPK)์™€ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP)๋ฐ quaternized P2VP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ PVPKโ€“P2VP, PVPKโ€“QP2VP ์ด์ค‘ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฉ๋งค ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ•๋ง‰๋‚ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ GIXS ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. PVPKโ€“QP2VP์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต์˜ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ์—†์ด ์ „ํ•˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธต์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ WORM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด PVPKโ€“P2VP์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ „ํ•˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธต๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต์ด ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ˆ„์›Œ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ DRAM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ 104โ€“109์˜ ๋†’์€ ON/OFF ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ 4 V์™€ 6 V์˜ ์ „์••์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋™๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ผ๋ฉœ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chapter III์—์„œ๋Š” fluorene์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ poly(4-di(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)styrene) (PStFl2)์™€ P2VP๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ poly(4-di(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)styrene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)s (PStFl2m-b-P2VPn) ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PStFl211-b-P2VP89 (50/50, volume ratio)์™€ PStFl212-b-P2VP33 (75/25) ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GIXS ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋œ(as-cast) ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด PStFl211-b-P2VP89 ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  PStFl212-b-P2VP33์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ธ”๋ก๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ WORM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ON/OFF ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „์••์€ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰ ๋‚ด P2VP๋ธ”๋ก์ด ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋˜ํ•œ P2VP๋ธ”๋ก์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ถ„์œจ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ 3์ฐจ์› ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋™ ์ „์••์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chapter IV์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๊ณต ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ Triphenylamine์ด ๋„์ž…๋œ poly(4,4'-Vinylphenyl-N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzenamine) (Poly(A))์™€ poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ THF ์šฉ๋งค ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, poly(A)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „ํ•˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธต ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ DRAM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด CS2 ์šฉ๋งค ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, poly(A)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ง๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ „ํ•˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ธต์ด ์ ˆ์—ฐ์ธต์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ WORM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šฉ๋งค ์–ด๋‹๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋”์˜ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chapter V์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ ๋™์ข… ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ ๋™์ข… ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 3๊ฐœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8๊ฐœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. GIXS ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ์‰ฌ ๋™์ค‘ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด ๋ฐ•๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์› ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด ์–ด๋‹๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์ด ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ‰๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ๋” ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์กฐ๋œ(as-cast) ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ WORM ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋‹๋ง๋œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ธ WORM, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์ธ DRAM, ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ˆ์—ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ์ธ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋œ(as-cast) ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋‹๋งํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•Œํ‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 8๊ฐœ์™€ 7๊ฐœ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ธต์ƒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐํ–ฅ์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์„ฑ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Polymeric materials are promising candidates for future molecular-scale device application because they have many advantages compared to silicon-based materials. In general, the memory characteristics of a polymer have been found to depend on its chemical structures, energy levels, film thickness, electrodeโ€™s work function, morphological structure and orientation. Polymer self-assemblies which show the spontaneous formation of nanostructured materials via molecular self-assembly. Taking this into account, the film performance can be sensitive to the morphological structures resulting from molecular self-assembly. Therefore, there is a need in the field to examine the factors that determine the relationship between the morphological structures and the electrical memory device performances. In Chapter II, block copolymers of poly(2-vinyl-9-phenylcarbazole) (PVPK) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) or quaternized P2VP (QP2VP), including homopolymers, were synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization and selective post-modification: PVPKโ€“P2VP (43/57 in volume) and PVPKโ€“QP2VP (31/69). All polymers were amorphous and soluble in common solvents. The blocks in the copolymers were found to undergo phase-separation. Nanoscale thin film morphology details were investigated by quantitative synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) analysis. PVPKโ€“QP2VP (31/69) self-assembled as a vertical lamellar structure in the carbon disulfide-annealed films, exhibiting p-type unipolar write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory behavior. In comparison, PVPKโ€“P2VP (43/57) formed a horizontal lamellar structure in chloroform-annealed films, revealing p-type unipolar dynamic random access memory (DRAM) behavior. Both the memory systems showed very high ON/OFF current ratio, 104โ€“109, depending on the reading voltage. The switching-ON voltage, however, was lower for the PVPKโ€“QP2VP (31/69) film (ca. 4 V) than for the PVPKโ€“P2VP (43/57) (ca. 6 V). Overall, WORM memory and DRAM behaviors were nicely demonstrated with high performances by the development of well-defined lamellar structure in the block copolymer films and their memory modes could be easily tuned from one to another or vice versa by the orientation control of the lamellar structure. Moreover, the excellent memory performance results based on the vertical lamellar structure open up a process feature, that digital memory devices can be significantly improved in terms of their memory capacity by the fabrication of a nanoscale vertical lamellar structure using block copolymers composed of electroactive and dielectric blocks. In addition, memory origins and mechanisms in the block copolymer films were investigated. In Chapter III, Amphiphilic poly(4-di(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)styrene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)s (PStFl2m-b-P2VPn) in two different compositions and their homopolymers were synthesized: PStFl211-b-P2VP89 (50/50, volume ratio), PStFl212-b-P2VP33 (75/25), PStFl2, and P2VP. They were thermally stable up to around 350 C. In nanoscale thin films, the diblock copolymers exhibited various phase-separated nanostructures depending on the composition and film process condition: random two phases, horizontal hexagonal P2VP cylinders, and hexagonally-close packed (HCP) P2VP spheres. Surprisingly, the hexagonal cylinder and HCP sphere structures are quite different from those of common diblock copolymers with similar compositions. The structural details of these thin film morphologies were investigated by synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The thin film morphologies were found to make influences on the electrical memory performances of the polymers. In particular, the switching-ON voltage was influenced by the nanostructures and the film layer thickness as well as by the composition. Overall, the diblock copolymer films demonstrated excellent p-type permanent digital memory behaviors with unipolarity, long retention time, high ON/OFF current ratio and low power consumption. These memory behaviors were governed by a trap-limited space charge limited conduction mechanism combined with ohmic conduction and a hopping process. In Chapter IV, block copolymers of poly(4,4'-Vinylphenyl-N,N-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)benzenamine) (Poly(A)) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), including homopolymers, were synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization: Poly(A)-P2VP (50.9/49.1 in volume). All polymers were amorphous and soluble in common solvents. Synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) analysis confirmed that the block copolymers in nanoscale thin films underwent phase-separation via solvent-annealing to form a horizontal or vertical cylinder structure. Poly(A)-P2VP self-assembled as a horizontal cylinder structure in the tetrahydrofuran-annealed films, exhibiting p-type unipolar dynamic random access memory (DRAM) behavior. In comparison, poly(A)-P2VP formed a vertical cylinder structure in the carbon disulfide-annealed films, revealing p-type unipolar write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory behavior. All of the memory behaviors were found to be governed by a mechanism involving trap-limited space-charge-limited conduction and local filament formation. Overall, DRAM characteristics and WORM memory were demonstrated with high performances by the development of well-defined cylinder structure in the block copolymer films and their memory modes could be tuned from one to another by the orientation control of the cylinder structure. In Chapter V, a new brush polymers composed of hydrocarbon unit and semifluorinated side chain segments were synthesized, which the number of fluorinated tails varies from three to eight. The brush polymers possessing different length of fluorinated alkyl side group are used to investigate the relation between the surface properties and liquid crystalline properties. By systematically probing the effect of structure on the surface organization of the fluorocarbon side chain, study of these brush polymers has helped optimize the semifluorinated side group for creating low surface energy materials. The nanoscale thin film morphology details of fluorinated brush polymers were examined. The polymer molecules in thin films always formed molecular multibilayer structure with the backbone and the bristles. However, the orientation of multibilayer structure were dependent upon the film process condition. The as-cast film formed a horizontal multibilayer structure with a broad orientational distribution. The thermal-annealed film formed a horizontally well-oriented multibilayer structure. In addition, electrical memory characteristics were investigated. All samples showed WORM type behavior for the as-cast films. However, the devices fabricated with thermal-annealed films exhibited WORM, DRAM, dielectric-like behaviors depending on the number of fluorocarbon. The memory characteristics originated from the fluorinated alkyl moieties in the bristles. Moreover, hysteresis loops were measured for the as-cast and thermal-annealed films. As-cast PGH10Fn40 films showed dielectric hysteresis loop. On the other hand, thermal-annealed PGH10F840, PGH10F740 films displayed ferroelectric response
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