98 research outputs found

    Multidimensionality and Antecedents of Job Satisfaction Perceived by Working Mothers: A Focus on Perceived Discrimination and Work-Family Support

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ•˜์œ„์ฐจ์›์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ (๋ฐœ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ž„๊ธˆ), ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์›๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐœ์ธํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์งํŠน์„ฑ ์š”์ธ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ 2,310๋ช…์˜ ์ทจ์—…์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด์ฐจ์›์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ ์ง€์›์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๋…ธ๋™์ง€์œ„, ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•, ์—…๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„, ํ˜ผ์ธ, ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œก์•„ํœด์ง ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ, ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ง€์œ„, ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€, ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•, ์กฐ์ง๊ทœ๋ชจ, ํ˜ผ์ธ, ์—…๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์Šน์ง„์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์œก์•„ํœด์ง ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋กœ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•, ๋…ธ๋™์ง€์œ„, ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ๋ น, ํ˜ผ์ธ, ์Šน์ง„์ฐจ๋ณ„, ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์—…๋ฌด์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ, ์ž„๊ธˆ๋งŒ์กฑ์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ํ˜ผ์ธ, ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•, ์ž„๊ธˆ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ธ์‹ ์ค‘ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ง์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šน์ง„์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ-๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘ ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์œก์•„ํœด์ง์€ ์ง๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ์ž„๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•, ํ˜ผ์ธ์ด ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This study is examines the antecedents of job satisfaction, paying special attention to the daily experiences of working mother. In particular, the main focus in on perceived discrimination and social support for work-family accommodation in organizations. In so doing, this study divides the construct of job satisfaction into four sub-dimensions: satisfaction with potential, job security, general working conditions, and wages as perceived by working mothers. Unlike existing studies that mainly focus on organizational characteristics as the main determinants of job satisfaction, this study pays attention to perceived discrimination and social support for work-family balance in organizations. Empirical data is drawn from 2,301 working mothers with young children. Concerning the findings, the variables of wage level, working status, working sectors, discrimination of job per se, marital status, education, maternity leave and parental leave have significant impact regarding satisfaction with job potentials. Then, working status, wage level, maternity leave, organization size and type, marital status, job discrimination, and promotion influence satisfaction with job security. For satisfaction with wages, the wage level, marital status, organizational type, and wage discrimination are significant determinants. The implications of the findings are discussed in depth

    For the Small Truths? Diversity of Research in Public Administration: A Focus on Epistemology and Methodology

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ํ–‰์ •์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์งˆํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ–‰์ •ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฐ€(์กด์žฌ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹๋ก )์™€ ํ–‰์ •ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€(์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•)์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2000๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญํ–‰์ •ํ•™๋ณด์— ๊ฒŒ์žฌ๋œ 867ํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์กด์žฌ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹๋ก  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ํ–‰์ •ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ธก์ •๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹ค์žฌ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 60%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, 537ํŽธ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ 80%๊ฐ€ ํ–‰์ •ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณต์ง€ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜์œ„์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ–‰์ •์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์ž…์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ ์˜๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค

    The Determinants of the Gender Wage Gap in the Labor Market: A Focus on Work-Family Reconciliation Policies

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    ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์œ ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ถœ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์–‘์œก์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์žํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์ด ๊ธฐํ˜ผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋Œ๋ด„ ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ๋ณด์ „์— ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” OECD 16๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ ๋ณด์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ๋‚ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ผ-๊ฐ€์ • ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจํœด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๋ณด์œก์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…, ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ(๋ชจ)๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํœด๊ฐ€์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ€์ž…๋ฅ  ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ ฅํ™”(empowerment)์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ž„๊ธˆ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜์™€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ผ-๊ฐ€์กฑ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์ง€์›์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.In spite of the fact that the female workforce is one of the keys to future national competitiveness, women have been suffering from many different kinds of discrimination in recruitment, promotion, training, and compensation in the labour market. Governments have taken diverse policy measures in order to ameliorate gender discrimination. This study focuses on work-family reconciliation (WFR) policy. The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of work-family reconciliation policy on the gender wage gap in OECD countries. The analysis applied a pooled time-series data set covering 16 OECD countries over the period 1980-2005. The findings are as follows. First, paid parental leave for fathers as well as mothers, fiscal support for childcare, and working time policy all had a statistically significant effect on the mitigation of the gender wage gap in the labor market. On the other hand, policies only for women like maternity leave did not have a significant effect. That is mainly because the policies for women may only view women as mothers rather than as workers. In a similar vein, the issue of work-family reconciliation has to be a matter for both women and men. Otherwise, it hurts rather than helps the gender wage gap. Finally, variables like empowerment of women (ratio of female legislators, education level of women, union mobilization density) are effective at decreasing the gender wage gap in the labor market. The implications for gender equality in the labour market as well as in the family are discussed in depth

    Old or New? The Multi-dimensionality of Racism and Its Effect on Acceptance of Policy for Racial Minorities: An American Experience

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    ์ข…์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ธ์ข…์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ(in-group)๊ณผ ์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ(out-group)์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ(์™ธ์ง‘๋‹จ) ์šฐ์›”์„ฑ(์—ด๋“ฑ์„ฑ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›(์ •์„œ์  ๋Œ€์‘)๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›(์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹, ์ธ์ข…์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ข…๊ด€๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ฐจ์› ์ค‘ ์ธ์ข…์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ(racial prejudice)์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์–‘์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์ด๋“ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์ธ์ข…๊ด€๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ž‘์šฉ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ฐจ์›๋ณ„๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฐ€? ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ›„๋ฐœ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ 4,240๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ 2008-2009๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ธ์ข…๊ด€๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด'(new) ์ธ์ข…ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ „์ œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ '๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜'(old) ์ธ์ข…ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ์ข…ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ์€ ์ง„๋ณด ์ด๋…์œผ๋กœ, ์ธ์ข… ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žฌํ™•์ธ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์ธ์ข…๊ด€๋ จ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ธ์ข…์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ธ๋ฌธ์‚ฌํšŒ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ฐ•ํ™”์‚ฌ์—… ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(327-2001-1-B00806

    Immigrant Women as a 'New' Policy Target Group and Their Perception of Koreans and Korean Society : A Focus on Perceptual Differences

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋„๋ž˜์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฑ…๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋™์งˆ์ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€์  ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ , ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ํ˜ผ์ธ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ž๋…€์œ ๋ฌด, ์ถœ์‹ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์  ์ทจ๋“์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์›์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ž์›์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ (๊ฒฝ์ œ์ )์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ณ , ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋ฐ•ํƒˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ž์›์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ค€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋งค๊น€ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹จ ์„ ํ˜ธ(ingroup preference)์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๊ธฐํ˜ผ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ž๋…€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ตญ์ ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ˆœ์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ค€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ฃผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์ •์ฒด์„ฑ(dual identity)์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Considering the multi-cultural trend of Korean society, this study asks whether the perception of immigrant women in Korea, as a 'new' policy target group, is homogeneous towards reality. This question brings the issue to the focal point, given that there are internal variations among immigrant women, facing different realities and experiences that lead to different perceptions. Bearing this context in mind, this study classifies immigrant women into subgroups based on various standards such as purpose of immigration, length of stay, marital status, number of children, and home country. Perceptual differences regarding resource stress, social discrimination, social distance toward Koreans and Korean society, and preference for immigrant policies are empirically elucidated by subgroup, with several findings. First of all, immigrant women within naturalized groups show a high level of resource stress in comparison to those who within non-naturalized groups. This can be explained in terms of the relatively high expectations of naturalized women. In other words, naturalized immigrant women have higher expectations for (economic) life in Korea, comparing themselves to majority Korean women. This comparison leads to a perception of relative deprivation of available resources. Second, contrary to resource stress, naturalized as well as married immigrant women with children show lower levels of perceived discrimination by Koreans. This is partly related to in-group preference. That is, they locate themselves as 'quasi-Koreans.' Next, regarding public policy preference, naturalized married women exhibit the contradictory tendency of preferring both the multicultural model and the discriminatory/exclusive model immigrant policy models at the same time. This contradiction seems to be driven by the 'dual identity' these women have, with a 'quasi-Korean' identity compared to other immigrants and, at the same time, an identity as 'immigrant foreigners' compared to Koreans. The policy implications of the findings are discussed in-depth

    Perceptions and Impact Factors of Decoupling in Family-Friendly Policies for Fathers: A Study on Paternity Leave and Parental Leave

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” (์•Š๋Š”) ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ํ˜„์ƒ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„์ธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€์™€ ์œก์•„ํœด์ง์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ์–‘์ƒ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ธ์ฆ๊ธฐ์—…(๊ด€)์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž 457๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์นœํ™”์ œ๋„ ์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€ ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง์ด ์œก์•„ํœด์ง ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€ ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง๊ณผ ์œก์•„ํœด์ง ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์ถœ์‚ฐํœด๊ฐ€ ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง์€ ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์ด, ์กฐ์ง์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋…ธ๋™์กฐํ•ฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์œก์•„ํœด์ง ๋””์ปคํ”Œ๋ง์€ ์œ„๊ณ„๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •๊ทœ์ง์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ณต์กฐ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์กฐ์ง์ด, ์กฐ์ง์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study focuses on the decoupling aspect of not employing the expanding ideals of family-friendly policies for fathers in the workplace. The study uses empirical investigation to review the decoupling patterns of and impact factors on paternity leave and parental leave, which constitute the core of family-friendly practices. First, the conceptual analytical model is structured based on an extensive literature review. Next, the feasibility of the analytical model is empirically verified by surveying 475 male employees of family-friendly-certified corporations (agencies). The results of the analysis support a number of meaningful arguments. Firstly, the decoupling conditions of paternity leave had a higher score than the decoupling conditions of parental leave. Secondly, the influencing factors showed different results against the decoupling conditions of family-friendly policy categories. The more supportive the supervisor and higher member age showed a lower perception of paternity leave decoupling conditions. The private sector also showed more than the public sector, the older the organization, and with a labor union were all related to higher perceptions of paternity leave decoupling conditions. On the other hand, decoupling conditions in parental leave were perceived as lower in a higher hierarchy culture, with a more supportive supervisor, a higher ratio of women, and with permanent employment rather than temporary employment. However, the private sector more than the public sector and the older the organization showed higher perceptions of parental leave decoupling conditions. The implications derived from the results are discussed in further detail.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2016๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„ (NRF-2016S1A5A2A01023332)

    Multidimensionality of motivation and organizational commitment: Gender differences

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    ๊ณต์ง์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๊ด€ํ–‰ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ฐจ์ด์— ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๊ธฐ(๋‚ด์žฌ์ ๏ฝฅ์™ธ์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ, ์ฃผ์ž…์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋™๊ธฐ)์™€ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…(์ •์„œ์ , ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ , ์ง€์†์  ๋ชฐ์ž…)์˜ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„์„์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์‹œ 25๊ฐœ ๊ตฌ์ฒญ ์†Œ์† 5๊ธ‰์—์„œ 9๊ธ‰ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› 718๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋™๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋™๊ธฐ(๋‚จ์„ฑ>์—ฌ์„ฑ)๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ •์„œ์ , ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์†์  ๋ชฐ์ž…์€ ์„ฑ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ์š”์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ(๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ(-)>๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค>์ฃผ์ž…์  ๋™๊ธฐ)๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ(๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ(-)>๋‚ด์žฌ์ >์ฃผ์ž…์  ๋™๊ธฐ)๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์›์ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•˜์œ„์ฐจ์›์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ž„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Accompanying the considerable increase in female civil servants, attention has been paid to their motivation in terms of effective utilization of human capital. Despite policy interventions for gender equality, womens experiences tend to be different from their male counterparts under male-dominated practices and structures. Keeping this in mind and applying gender perspectives, this study explored the relation between motivation and organizational commitment. In particular, this study focused on gender differences and the multidimensionality of motivation (amotivation, intrinsic and external motivation, introjected motivation, and public service motivation) and organizational commitment (affective-continuance-normative). A survey of 718 civil servants in 25 district offices of the Seoul Metropolitan Government was conducted. The findings were that, excepting public service motivation, gender differences in motivation were not found. On the other hand, there were gender differences in affective and normative motivation: male employees were more highly motivated in terms of those two dimensions in comparison to their female counterparts. Relations between motivation and organizational commitment also differed by gender. On the one hand, for male civil servants, amotivation was a mostly negative antecedent to organizational commitment and public service motivation and introjective motivation followed. On the other hand, for female public servants intrinsic motivation rather than public service motivation was a relatively strong antecedent to organization commitment. Implications of the findings for gender equality and human resource management were discussed

    Multiculturalism and Policy Orientation for Foreigners: A Focus on the Perception of Public Servants

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง‘ํ–‰์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ธ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์ด ์ฆํญ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ •ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์ธ์ข…ยท๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑยท๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๋‹ค์ธ์ข…ยท๋‹ค๋ฏผ์กฑยท๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง€์›์  ์ž…์žฅ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋ช…ํ™•ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€์˜ 610๋ช…์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Along with multicultural society, there is an increase in policy measurers and programs for foreigners in Korea, which has traditionally been identified as a monocultural society. In this context, this study raises the following questions. To what extent do public servants accept social diversity based on ethnicity? In what ways do public servants perceive policy orientations for foreigners? Are they supportive of social diversity or multiculturalism? Do they perceive multiculturalism as a social threat? Which policy orientations (disdimination/exclusion-assimilation-multiculturalism) do they prefer? In order to find answers, this study conducted a survey of 610 public servants in the central government. The findings show that public servants are relatively positive towards multiculturalism. Preference for groups of foreigners depends highly on social instrumentality in terms of the potential contribution of each group
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