Large Screening of Nonylphenol-degrading Bacteria

Nonylphenol ethoxylates are generally used in paints, pestides, personal care products, and plastics. In naturally, the compounds are degraded to nonylphenol by microbes. Nonylphenol is known as endocrine disruptor which can behave like estrogen. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected from contaminated rivers for screening of nonylphenol degrading bacteria. Screening medium was used M9 minimal salts including 1 drop of nonylphenol. Finally, we isolated and identified 23 nonylphenol degrading bacteria (7 genus, 23 species). We tested nonylphenol degrading activity according to different media with 7 species. The bacteria cultured for 2 days in 2ml of broth which included 1mg nonylphenol (10ul, 10% nonylphenol in EtOH). The nonylphenol degrading activity was analyzed by LC-mass. Four of seven bacteria were showed over than 99% nonylphenol removing activity. The nonylphenol degrading bacteria can use for contaminated environmental enhancement.rogen. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected from contaminated rivers for screening of nonylphenol degrading bacteria. Screening medium was used M9 minimal salts including 1 drop of nonylphenol. Finally, we isolated and identified 23 nonylphenol degrading bacteria (7 genus, 23 species). We tested nonylphenol degrading activity according to different media with 7 species. The bacteria cultured for 2 days in 2ml of broth which included 1mg nonylphenol (10ul, 10% nonylphenol in EtOH). The nonylphenol degrading activity was analyzed by LC-mass. Four of seven bacteria were showed over than 99% nonylphenol removing activity. The nonylphenol degrading bacteria can use for contaminated environmental enhancement.1

Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens genome and its potential enzymes

Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens strain S86 was isolated from coastal area of Chuuk State in Micronesia. The genome sequence of strain S86 was determined using 454 GS-FLX titanium sequencing. Also, we predicted useful genes from the genome such as saccharification enzymes (glucanase, xylanase and amylase etc.), bioactive enzymes (L-asparaginase and catalase etc.) and carotenoid synthesis enzymes. Here, we focused with beta-glucanase and L-asparaginase of M. zeaxanthinifaciens. Glucanases are involved in degradation of glucans. Recombinant beta-glucanase of M. zeaxanthinifaciens showed high active to several substrates such as laminarin, beta-glucan and lichenan which is a potential candidate for use in agriculture, drug, chemical and bioethanol industries. L-asparagianse is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid. The enzyme has potential effect to leukemic cell and some other suspected tumor cells. Recombinant L-asparagianse of M. zeaxanthinifaciens had strong active to asparagine which was highly increased activity and thermostablilty by manganese.e such as saccharification enzymes (glucanase, xylanase and amylase etc.), bioactive enzymes (L-asparaginase and catalase etc.) and carotenoid synthesis enzymes. Here, we focused with beta-glucanase and L-asparaginase of M. zeaxanthinifaciens. Glucanases are involved in degradation of glucans. Recombinant beta-glucanase of M. zeaxanthinifaciens showed high active to several substrates such as laminarin, beta-glucan and lichenan which is a potential candidate for use in agriculture, drug, chemical and bioethanol industries. L-asparagianse is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid. The enzyme has potential effect to leukemic cell and some other suspected tumor cells. Recombinant L-asparagianse of M. zeaxanthinifaciens had strong active to asparagine which was highly increased activity and thermostablilty by manganese.1

CHROMENE INHIBITS LPS-STIMULATED INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS VIA NF-κB AND MAPKS PATHWAYS IN MACROPHAGES

The aim of this study was to identify a natural effective remedy for inflammation. We isolated a functional algal chromene compound from Sargassum siliquastrum, named sargachromanol D (SD). We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of SD on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed RAW 264.7 cells by measuring cell viability, cytotoxicity, and production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β, and IL-6). SD inhibited production of NO and PGE2 from LPS-induced cells by preventing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Concurrently, levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced with increasing concentrations of SD. In addition, SD inhibited the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that SD inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways in macrophages. lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed RAW 264.7 cells by measuring cell viability, cytotoxicity, and production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β, and IL-6). SD inhibited production of NO and PGE2 from LPS-induced cells by preventing the expression of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Concurrently, levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced with increasing concentrations of SD. In addition, SD inhibited the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that SD inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways in macrophages.1

Physiological process during silvering of the nocturnal eel, Anguilla japonica: plasma levels of dopamine and glucose concentrations in female Japanese eel

Dopamine (DA) is well known how restraint at reproductive stage in general fish. On the other hand, glucose concentrations in plasma levels are increased at sexual maturation in the previous study. On the contrary to this, DA and glucose level is with a following general fish at reproductive stage. To date, it remains unknown how to relate DA and glucose levels in the Japanese eel. In this study, we were conducted to determine of DA and Glucose concentration in plasma level during sexual maturation treated by Salmon pituitary extract in the Japanese eel. We divide into 4 stages according to the ovarian development. We examined the level of DA and glucose concentrations in plasma by ELISA and HPLC. In stage 1, DA and glucose concentrations in plasma were maintained at high level. On the contrary, 17-Estradiol (E2) was measure still low. E2 level was increased by that effect in stage3, 4. GSI and oocytes diameter were sustained growth to stage4. In contrary, DA level and glucose concentrations in plasma were steadily decreased during the reproductive stage. Also, E2 level was decreased small width from stage3 to stage4. In Stage1 and 2, DA and glucose concentrations levels were maintained much above others. And then both hormones were steadily decreased to final sexual maturation stage. In conclusion, our data suggest that a DA and glucose concentration in plasma have an indirectly and directly connected during sexuallvel is with a following general fish at reproductive stage. To date, it remains unknown how to relate DA and glucose levels in the Japanese eel. In this study, we were conducted to determine of DA and Glucose concentration in plasma level during sexual maturation treated by Salmon pituitary extract in the Japanese eel. We divide into 4 stages according to the ovarian development. We examined the level of DA and glucose concentrations in plasma by ELISA and HPLC. In stage 1, DA and glucose concentrations in plasma were maintained at high level. On the contrary, 17-Estradiol (E2) was measure still low. E2 level was increased by that effect in stage3, 4. GSI and oocytes diameter were sustained growth to stage4. In contrary, DA level and glucose concentrations in plasma were steadily decreased during the reproductive stage. Also, E2 level was decreased small width from stage3 to stage4. In Stage1 and 2, DA and glucose concentrations levels were maintained much above others. And then both hormones were steadily decreased to final sexual maturation stage. In conclusion, our data suggest that a DA and glucose concentration in plasma have an indirectly and directly connected during sexuall1

Legal Issues and Improvement Strategies for Maximizing the Utilization of Fishery By-products

Fisheries by-products, including fish heads, intestines, skins, bones, and algae stems, are often discarded during seafood processing despite their potential as valuable industrial materials. These by-products contain high-value ingredients such as collagen, omega-3, calcium, and chondroitin, which can be utilized in health supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, due to limitations in the current legal framework, many of these resources are underutilized. This study reviews existing legislation on fisheries by-products, particularly the Waste Management Act and the Fisheries By-Products Recycling Act, identifying key regulatory and structural barriers to effective by-product utilization. Additionally, this research proposes legislative revisions to expand the range of applicable fisheries by-products, focusing on quality and safety standards grounded in the Food Sanitation Act. The proposed legislative framework aims to enhance by-product utilization in various industries and promote sustainable development within the fisheries industry, ultimately positioning it as a significant economic and environmental asset.22Nkc

Molecular characterization and mRNA expression analysis of galectin 3 from big belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis)

In innate immune system, the response to invading pathogens is initiated by pattern recognition receptor (PRRs) that bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and arise various immune response. Lectins are well-knows PRRs that recognize the carbohydrate molecules on surface of pathogens. Galectins, known as S-type lectin, have a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), specificity for β-galactosides and Ca2+- independent activity. In this study, we described the molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA sequence of galectin 3 from big belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis. The HaGal3 cDNA includes an open reading frame (ORF) of 1068 bp with 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of 83 bp and a 3’ UTR of 214 bp. The ORF encoded a putative protein of 356 amino acids with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.49 and predicted molecular mass of 38.6 kDa. The deduced protein includes a carbohydrate-recognition domain and a galactoside-type carbohydrate-binding motif H-NPR/W-E-R. HaGal3 showed high identity (70.6%) and similarities (77.0%) with Maylandia zebra and was clustered into teleost clade in phylogenetic analysis. Results from the qPCR indicated that HaGal3 mRNA was transcribed universally in all the tissues examined. The mRNA expression in response immune challenge revealed that they were inducible under infection. These results suggested that HaGal3 might be involved in the innate immune response of big ognize the carbohydrate molecules on surface of pathogens. Galectins, known as S-type lectin, have a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), specificity for β-galactosides and Ca2+- independent activity. In this study, we described the molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA sequence of galectin 3 from big belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis. The HaGal3 cDNA includes an open reading frame (ORF) of 1068 bp with 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of 83 bp and a 3’ UTR of 214 bp. The ORF encoded a putative protein of 356 amino acids with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.49 and predicted molecular mass of 38.6 kDa. The deduced protein includes a carbohydrate-recognition domain and a galactoside-type carbohydrate-binding motif H-NPR/W-E-R. HaGal3 showed high identity (70.6%) and similarities (77.0%) with Maylandia zebra and was clustered into teleost clade in phylogenetic analysis. Results from the qPCR indicated that HaGal3 mRNA was transcribed universally in all the tissues examined. The mRNA expression in response immune challenge revealed that they were inducible under infection. These results suggested that HaGal3 might be involved in the innate immune response of big1

Characterization of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Marine Bacterium Ochrovirga pacifica and Its Synergism with Xylanase on Beechwood Xylan

Complete hydrolysis of hemicellulosic polysaccharides from land plants is required for produce valuable final products like paper, animal feeds, beverages and bio fuels. Hemicellulose consists with linier back bone of β-1,4- linked xyloses and short chain branches of O-acetyl, α-L-arabinofuranosyl and α-D-glucuronyl residues. Therefore enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan requires mixture of enzymes including acetyl xylan esterase (AXE). This study was conducted to characterize an AXE derived from marine bacterium Ochrovirga pacifica. AXE gene has 864 bp open reading frame that encodes 287 amino acids which consisted of AXE domain from 60-274aa. Gene was recombined to pET-16b vector and recombinant acetyl xylan esterase (rAXE) was expressed. The molecular mass and isoelectric point were predicted to be 31.76 kDa and 8.35 respectively. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme revealed that optimum temperature and pH were 50 oC and pH 8.0 respectively. Thermal stability assay showed that rAXE, maintains its residual activity almost constantly though after incubation at 45 oC for 120 minutes. Presence of 1mM of Ca2+ and Cu2+ and 5 mM of Fe2+ and Cu2+ in reaction mixture, showed strong stimulatory effect on enzyme activity while Ca2+, Mg2+ (at concentration of 1mM) and Mn2+, Zn2+ (both 1and 5 mM) showed inhibitory effect on rAXE activity. Synergism of rAXE with xylanase on beechwood xylan as the substrate inc and short chain branches of O-acetyl, α-L-arabinofuranosyl and α-D-glucuronyl residues. Therefore enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan requires mixture of enzymes including acetyl xylan esterase (AXE). This study was conducted to characterize an AXE derived from marine bacterium Ochrovirga pacifica. AXE gene has 864 bp open reading frame that encodes 287 amino acids which consisted of AXE domain from 60-274aa. Gene was recombined to pET-16b vector and recombinant acetyl xylan esterase (rAXE) was expressed. The molecular mass and isoelectric point were predicted to be 31.76 kDa and 8.35 respectively. Biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme revealed that optimum temperature and pH were 50 oC and pH 8.0 respectively. Thermal stability assay showed that rAXE, maintains its residual activity almost constantly though after incubation at 45 oC for 120 minutes. Presence of 1mM of Ca2+ and Cu2+ and 5 mM of Fe2+ and Cu2+ in reaction mixture, showed strong stimulatory effect on enzyme activity while Ca2+, Mg2+ (at concentration of 1mM) and Mn2+, Zn2+ (both 1and 5 mM) showed inhibitory effect on rAXE activity. Synergism of rAXE with xylanase on beechwood xylan as the substrate inc1

PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING MICROALGAE BIOFUEL

본 발명은 미세조류 바이오연료 제조용 플랜트를 제공한다. 상기 플랜트는 내부 공간을 갖는 플랜트 공간 부와, 상기 플랜트 공간부의 내부 공간에 배치되며, 외부로부터 제공되는 미세조류가 포함된 유체를 서로 다른 위치에서 연속적으로 순환시켜 배양하는 배양부와, 상기 플랜트 공간부의 내부 공간의 온도값을 기설 정되는 온도값 범위에 포함되도록 하는 온도 조절부를 포함한다

A novel endo-acting β-1,3-glucanase from Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens S86: molecular characterization and biochemical properties

Glucanases are enzymes involve in degradation of glucans. Herein, a novel endo-β-1,3-glucanase counterpart, Mzl86 was identified from Mesoflavibacter Zeaxanthinifaciens S86. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mzl86 showed highest similarity (45.1%) with Leeuwenhoekiella blandensi and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16. The Mzl86 was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using His tag fusion protein purification system. Purified recombinant protein (rMz186) demonstrated a detectable enzymatic activity against laminarin with an optimum temperature and pH of 50°C and 8, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 50°C for 1 hour (demonstrating 80% of its maximum activity) and it was strongly activated in presence of 2.5 mM of manganese. Substrates specific activities of rMzl86 were found to be 261±9, 128±6 and 115±5 unit/mg against laminarin, barley β-glucan and lichenan, respectively. rMzl86 could degrades laminarioligosaccharides (lager than biose) and laminarin while producing mainly biose and glucose. Molecular characteristics and biochemical properties reveal that rMzl86 resembles the typical features of β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) and is a potential good candidate to use in several industries such as agriculture, drug, chemical and bioethanol industries.y (45.1%) with Leeuwenhoekiella blandensi and belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 16. The Mzl86 was overexpressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using His tag fusion protein purification system. Purified recombinant protein (rMz186) demonstrated a detectable enzymatic activity against laminarin with an optimum temperature and pH of 50°C and 8, respectively. The enzyme was stable at 50°C for 1 hour (demonstrating 80% of its maximum activity) and it was strongly activated in presence of 2.5 mM of manganese. Substrates specific activities of rMzl86 were found to be 261±9, 128±6 and 115±5 unit/mg against laminarin, barley β-glucan and lichenan, respectively. rMzl86 could degrades laminarioligosaccharides (lager than biose) and laminarin while producing mainly biose and glucose. Molecular characteristics and biochemical properties reveal that rMzl86 resembles the typical features of β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39) and is a potential good candidate to use in several industries such as agriculture, drug, chemical and bioethanol industries.1

PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING MICROALGAE BIOFUEL

본 발명은 미세조류 바이오연료 제조용 플랜트를 제공한다. 상기 플랜트는 내부 공간을 갖는 플랜트 공간 부와, 상기 플랜트 공간부의 내부 공간에 배치되며, 외부로부터 제공되는 미세조류가 포함된 유체를 서로 다른 위치에서 연속적으로 순환시켜 배양하는 배양부와, 상기 플랜트 공간부의 내부 공간의 온도값을 기설 정되는 온도값 범위에 포함되도록 하는 온도 조절부를 포함한다