18세기 후반 正祖代 農政策의 전개

The aim of this paper is to inquire into the executing of policy for agricultural development under the reign of King Jeong-jo in the late 18th century. In the late 18th century, King Jeong-jo moved forward with various policies that intended to develop agricultural productivity. One of these policies was encouragement of land-clearing for farming. King Jeong-jo succeeded to ancestors plan such as tax-free to clearing land for some years, awarding a prize to farmer promoted land clearing and so on. He regarded encouragement of land-clearing as one of the most important policy for agricultural development. So like other Kings of Chosun Dynasty, King Jeong-jo used to distributed calendar to both officer of central government and all local governor including the two upper classes of old Korea who lived in province. Anyway distribution of calendar was one of the policies for agricultural development. Because farmers in Korea should think calendar is matter of consequence, in order to cultivate crops appropriately. Now we brand calendar as a calendar of farming. Governors in Province named Do and magistrate of a county named Gunhyun had reported the state of cereals growth, and at the same time the amount of rainfall under their jurisdiction. We call these report as agricultural report and rainfall report. These reports used an principal evidence to judge good or bad forest of that year. Farmers had been suffered from natural disaster such as flood, drought. If there had been a calamity in any area, there were not proper tool of preventing from it. Then King Jeong-jo, central and local officers participated in praying to heaven stop of flood or draught. Being suffered from disaster, farmers seeded buckwheat in stead of rice. Because buckwheat needs more short days to grow than rice. After the late 18th century sweet potato was introduced to Korean farmers. Salvation from poor harvest was accepted as one of the main policies for agricultural development. The central government carried out tax cut, famine relief and so on, in order to restore poor people and revive starved people. Governors relieved to the poor people from many unfavorable situations. We could point distribution of HwanGok as a good method to relieve famine people. Sometimes King Jeong-jo accredited a royal secret inspector, who supervised the operation of salvation from poor harvest

세종대 권농 실시와 농법 정리의 의의

본 논문은 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원의 2020년도 ‘21세기 신규장각 자료구축사업-한국학 학술대회 지원’을 통해 인문학연구원과 규장각한국학연구원이 공동 개최한 학술대회에서 발표된 논문임.조선왕조의 체제를 유지하기 위해 결정적으로 필요한 생산활동 즉 農業을 중심으로 世宗代에 농사직설 이 편찬된 배경과 농사직설 편찬의 역사적 의의를 살펴보았다. 세종대에 이르러 완성된 형태가 자리잡은 농정책에서 수령은 특히 권농을 직접 수행하는 책무를 짊어지게 되었다. 수령은 자신을 보좌하는 勸農과 監考 등의 직임을 두어 권농을 실행하였다. 조선 왕조 개창 이후 조선의 서적 편찬 사업 가운데 국가적인 차원에서 농사직설 이 편찬된 것은 바로 그 시점에 조선(한국)의 농업기술을 정리하는 것이 절실하게 요구되었기 때문이었다. 그렇기 때문에 15세기 초반에 農事直說 이 편찬될 수 있었다. 그리고 농사직설 의 農事를 직접 적으로 다루는 農法 이외에 주술적인 택일법 등 다른 주장을 전혀 배제하고 있었다. 농사직설 은 당대 하삼도 지역 老農의 농사 경험, 견문, 지혜를 문자화한 것이었다. 농민이 실제로 개발하고 전승한 농법을 기록한 것이라는 점에서 커다란 의의를 갖고 있었다. 그렇기 때문에 농사직설 의 현실적인 보급 대상은 농민이 아니었다. 세종대 권농의 실시를 담당하는 책무를 지닌 수령과 수령으로 나서야 할 관료층이 바로 농사직설 의 반포 대상이었다. 이점에서 세종대 권농의 실시와 농사직설 편찬이 서로 맞물리는 의의를 부여할 수 있다고 생각된다. 농사 직설 은 편찬된 이후 조선의 농서 편찬에서 典範으로 간주되었다.이 논문은 2019년도 한림대학교 교비연구비(HRF-201904-001)에 의하여 연구되었

18세기 후반 정조대 권농책과 수리 진흥책

The aim of this paper is to inquire into the policy for agricultural development and promotion of irrigation under the reign of King Jeong-jo in the late 18th century. If we review the trend of research on essays on agricultural reform submitted in the late Chosun Dynasty, we could raise two questions. One is that most of research ignored being of King. In the field of political history, reseachers have regarded the being of King as one of the most influential factors. With this critical mind, now we have to examine King Jeong-jo's policy on agricultural development. The other question is the necessity for restudying the characteristic of essay on agricultural reform. There were so many essays on agricultural reform which had been presented to Kings. Then most of them were to reform the possession of land, and such being the case, Korean Historians regard them as radical or modernistic. But I think that most of them were derived from Oriental Idealistic Essay. Therefore we need to re-examine the characteristic of essay on agricultural reform, including essays on the promotion of irrigation Now we investigate King Jeong-jo's policy on agricultural development and promotion of irrigation, and restudy intellectuals^ opinion submitted to King Jeong-jo as regional agricultural manuals. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. In the late 18th century. King Jeong-jo moved forward with the plan that in tended to develop agricultural productivity. So like other Kings of Chosun Dynasty. Jeong-jo used to proclaim the Order of Agricultural Development on the first day of January every year. He asked local governors to make desperate efforts in order to promote and stabilize agricultural productivity. So far. in comparison with other Kings, there is no peculiarity in Jeong-jo's policy on agricultural development. But during the late reign of King Jeong-jo. he asked something to the common peoplebeyond local governors and government officials. He ordered the common people to present essays on the promotion of agricultural development in the Order of Agricultural Development of 1798, that was proclaimed on the .'50th of November exceptionally King Jeong-jo planed to compile 'Nongseodaejeon', new grand agricultural manual. There were two kinds of irrigation facilities in Chosun agricultural production. The first was Jeeon. that kept mountain streams in store by constructing a dam between valleys. The second was Bo, that drew river water into a paddy field by blocking its stream In order to promote and stabilize the power of irrigation facilities, the government of Chosun Dynasty executed traditional policy that strengthened the management of irrigation facilities. They re-establish Office of Irrigation Facilities(Jeeonsa) in the late 17th century. In the late 18th century, many common people, who were in sympathy with King Jeong-jo, presented their essays on agricultural promotion. Some of them insisted commonly to promote irrigation facilities and stablized them The most important part of their essay was that they were based on their regional environment of agricultural production, thanks to them, we find that there were many Jeeon in Kyongsangdo. On the contrary, Chenrado and Chungchengdo had many Bo and regional farmers made desperate efforts to adapt themselves to their surroundings. In conclusion, their essays were idealistic and realistic

산업단지 업종구성에 관한 산업생태학적 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 환경대학원 :환경계획학과,2002.Maste

Reclamation of River Islands at Lower Daedong River and Transition of Gungbangjeon in the Late Joseon Dynasty

18세기 중반 이후 대동강 하류 신합도 등 河中島의 개간 과정을 살펴보면, 18세기 중엽 이전에 첫 번째 단계인 泥生處의 형성단계가 거의 완료되었고, 또한 두 번째 단계인 泥生處의 蘆田化단계에 도달해 있었다. 개간과 정의 셋째 단계인 蘆田의 作畓化 과정은 19세기 초반인 1804년 이후에 진행되었다. 그리고 1813년과 1832년 사이에 큰 畓 斗落數의 증대가 나타나고 있 었다. 특히 1813년 무렵에 舊蛤島의 作畓이 대대적으로 이루어지고 있었다. 1832년 무렵이 되면 거의 作畓이 마무리되었다. 1794년에 新蛤島와 주변 泥生處인 舊蛤島 그리고 所當島는 內需司에 소속되었다. 內需司에서 新蛤島 蘆田의 田主인 金錫樞에게 新蛤島의 주변의 泥生處인 舊蛤島, 所當島 등을 같이 買得하였고, 蘆田에서 蘆稅로 매년 500냥씩 수취하였다. 1798년 내수사에서 龍洞宮으로 이속된 이후 新蛤島 등의 田土는 1808년 무렵부터 垌畓과 蘆田으로 나뉘어 수취되었다. 1831년 무렵 신 구합도와 소당도는 德溫宮(德溫公主房)에서 관할하게 되었는데, 이는 洪同敦 寧宅이라는 인물로부터 買得한 것이었다. 그 사이 1813년에 1,070두락지였던 것이 1832년에 1,190두락지로 크게 증대되었다. 덕온궁 관할 아래에 있넌 新蛤島 등 주변 河中島는 1854년에 다시 소속처가 바뀌었다. This paper aims to explain the process of reclamation of river islands at lower Daedong River and transition of Gungbangjeon in the late Joseon Dynasty. Since the middle of 18th century, the first step of eclamation of river islands at lower Daedong River was completed. Around that times formation of new mud on the shores (泥生處) formed two or three river islands at lower Daedong River. The next step was making mud on the shores into paddy field (作畓化) around the early 19th century. In 1794, Naesusa (Competent Authorities Of Royal Family Finances) purchased two or three river islands at lower Daedong River from named Kim, Seokchoo, it was named formation of Gungbangjeon (宮房田). Since then Naesusa recieved 500nyang(a unit of old Korean coinage) under the name of reeds from peasant lived there. That two or three river islands at lower Daedong River transfered from Naesusa to Yongdonggung (龍洞宮) at 1798. Around 1831, Deokongung (德溫宮), the third daughter of Sunjo (純祖), purchased those islands from Hong family. But we cannot make clear how Hong family acquised those islands and from whom. Around that times paddy filed enlarged on a large scale, finally they reached to 1,190 Majigi (a patch of field requiring one mal of seed) at 1832. We could find peculiar form of land rent from those islands.이 논문은 2010년도 한림대학교 교비연구비(HRF-2010-005)에 의하여 연구되었음