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    ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ๋ฐ ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ๋กญ ๋™์‹œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ •๋ณด๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ๊น€ํƒœํ™˜.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์…€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ์—์—์„œ ์นฉ์˜ ๋™์  ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ํ˜• (์ฆ‰, ํ† ๊ธ€๋ง ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜) ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ…์ด ์ข…๋ž˜ ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ ๋กญ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ธก์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ๋กญ ์…€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ์ธ์—์ด๋ธ” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ eXOR-FF ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ๋กญ ๋ฐฐ์„  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค ํด๋Ÿญ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋กœ์ง์„ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ๋กญ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ• ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ• ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ฆฝ ํ”Œ๋กญ ๋ฐ ํ† ๊ธ€๋ฆด ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋กœ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ˆ„์„ค ๋ฐ ๋™์  ์ „๋ ฅ์˜ ์ ˆ์ „ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์น˜/ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ ์ธ์‹ ํด๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ํƒ์ƒ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ eXOR-FF ์˜ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€์ด๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‹€๋Ÿญ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ์ฐธ์ƒ‰์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์—”์ง„์„ ๋น„์šฉ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ISCAS89, ITC89, ITC99 ๋ฐ IWLS 2005์˜ ๋ฒค์น˜ ๋งˆํฌ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋™ ํด๋ก ๊ฒŒ์ดํŒ… ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์„ 5.6 % ๋ฐ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ 5.3 % ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.In this paper, we introduce dynamic power optimization techniques applicable for various design stage from standard cell to placement stage. This work firstly investi๏ฟฝgates the problem of how designing data-driven (i.e., toggling based) clock gating can be closely integrated with the synthesis of flip-flops, which has never been addressed in the prior clock gating works. Our key observation is that some internal part of a flip-flop cell can be reused to generate its clock gating enable signal. Based on this, we propose a newly optimized flip-flop wiring structure, called eXOR-FF, in which an internal logic can be reused for every clock cycle to decide if the flip-flop is to be activated or inactivated through clock gating, thereby achieving area saving (thus, leakage as well as dynamic power saving) on every pair of flip-flop and its toggling detection logic. Then, we propose a comprehensive methodology of placement/timing๏ฟฝaware clock gating exploration that provides two unique strengths: best suited for max๏ฟฝimally exploiting the benefit of eXOR-FFs and precise analyses on the decomposition of power consumptions and timing impact, and translating them into cost functions in core engine of clock gating exploration. Through experiments with benchmark circuits in ISCAS89, ITC89, ITC99 and IWLS 2005, it is shown that our proposed method is able to reduce the total power by 5.6% and total cell area by 5.3% compared with the previous data-driven clock gating method in [1].Abstract Contents List of Tables List of Figures 1 Introduction 1.1 Power Consumption in CMOS Digital Design 1.2 Low Power Design Methodologies 1.3 Contribution of This Thesis 2 Preliminary and Motivations 6 2.1 Background 2.2 Observation on Area and Power Saving 2.3 Observation on Timing Impact 3 Redesign of Flip-flops Specialized for Clock Gating 3.1 Observation on Area Impact 4 Placement-aware Clock Gating Methodology Utilizing eXOR-FF Cells 4.1 Overall Design Flow 4.2 Cost Formulation for Conventional Clock Gating 4.3 Cost Formulation for Our Clock Gating using eXOR-FFs 5 Experiments 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Experimental Results 5.3 Comparing with Industry Algorithm 6 Conclusion Abstract (In Korean)Maste
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