6 research outputs found

    Fe-Si ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํ•ต์ƒ์„ฑ ์œ ๋„์— ์˜ํ•œ cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2021. 2. ํ™ฉ๋†๋ฌธ.์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์šฉ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋ฉฐ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด {110}์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” Goss ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์šฉ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฏธ์„ธ์กฐ์ง, ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. Cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ ์†Œ์žฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ {100}์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํšŒ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง„์ „์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ณ€ํƒœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ์‹œํŽธ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํƒœ์‹œ ์‹œํŽธ๊ณผ ๋งž๋‹ฟ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ดํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œํŽธ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํƒœ์‹œ ์—ดํŒฝ์ฐฝ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์˜ ํ•ต์ƒ์„ฑ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ด๋•Œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ€ {100}๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ•ต์ƒ์„ฑ์ด cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํŽธ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์‘๋ ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์ž์ค‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํƒœ ์‹œ ํฌ๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹œํŽธ์— ์ธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fe-2wt%Si-1wt%Ni์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ •์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์‹ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์„ธ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํŽธ์— ์••์ถ• ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•ŒํŒŒ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒ๋ณ€ํƒœ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์„ธ์šด ๊ธธ์ด๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ• ์‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Fe-2wt%Si-1wt%Ni์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ•ํŒ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์••์—ฐ ๊ณต์ •์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ฝ 3wt%Si ๋‚ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์€ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ  ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด cube-on-face textureํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 10.69wt%Si ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ 81.9%์˜ {100} ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 96.8%๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ cube-on-face ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Electrical steel can be divided into Grain-Oriented electrical steel [GO] and Non-Oriented electrical steel [NO]. In the case of the GO, it is used as a material for transformers. Magnetic properties for the GO can be enhanced by a Goss texture development that forms a specific orientation of {110}. On the other hand, the NO is used as a material for rotating motors and generators. Normally, magnetic properties of electrical steel can be controlled by a composition, microstructure, and texture development of the material. Until now, in the case of the NO, efforts are focused on the optimizing properties by controlling the composition of materials. Cube-on-face texture is ideal for NO, and has an orientation of {100}, it performs excellent magnetic properties in the direction of rotation. However, only a few studies on the texture development to enhance a magnetic property have been progressed. In this study, it was confirmed that the texture development was changed by a stress applied to the specimen during gamma to alpha phase transformation. Especially, a strong cube-on-face texture can be developed when the specimen is physically contacted with dissimilar materials which have difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the specimen and contacted materials during gamma to alpha phase transformation. From these results, our group hypothesize that the nucleation barrier of the alpha generated on the specimen surface was lowered due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient during gamma to alpha phase transformation, and that of the orientation of alpha would form {100}. Thus, the hypothesis indicate that the surface nucleation is a key factor in the formation of a cube-on-face texture. In order to use the stress effect applied to the specimen, applying tension to the specimen by creep deformation during gamma to alpha phase transformation using the self-load was devised. A strong cube-on-face texture was developed using this method in Fe-2wt%Si-1wt%Ni. In addition, a batch process was considered to increase the possibility of applying to the industrial process. The specimen was placed as upright position which is under the compressive stress during gamma to alpha phase transformation. Using this method, a strong cube-on-face texture was developed. In electrical steel, as the Si composition increases, the resistivity increase, which leads to reduce the core loss. Therefore, increasing resistivity by an adding Si content is essential. However, as the Si content increases, the material becomes brittle which couldn't progress a rolling process. Therefore, about 3wt%Si of electrical steel is produced in the industrial process. In order to enhance the advantageous of Si content and reduce the disadvantageous of the workability, a new concept was devised using Si diffusion to develop a cube-on-face texture. 10.69wt%Si composition and 81.9% of {100} texture was developed using diffusion method, and a strong cube-on-face texture with a maximum of 96.8% was successfully developed.Chapter 1. Introduction 11 1.1 Electrical steelโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ11 1.2 Cube-on-face textureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...16 Chapter 2. Fabrication of cube-on-face textured electrical steel using surface nucleation during gamma to alpha phase transformation 19 2.1 Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ19 2.2 Experimental procedureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.21 2.3 Results & Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...26 Chapter 3. Uniaxial stress effect for the cube-on-face texture development during gamma to alpha phase transformation in Fe-2wt%Si-1wt%Ni electrical steel 41 3.1 Experimental procedureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆ.41 3.2 Uniaxial stress effect for the development of cube-on-face texture..45 3.3 Magnetic properties by a texture developmentโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...56 Chapter 4. Texture evolution of non-oriented electrical steel analyzed by EBSD and in-situ XRD during the phase transformation from gamma to alpha 60 4.1 Experimental procedureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ60 4.2 Results & Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ..63 Chapter 5. A new method for the evolution of strong cube-on-face texture induced by gamma to alpha phase transformation with the silicon diffusion in Fe-Si electrical steel 78 5.1 Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ...78 5.2 Experimental procedureโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ79 5.3 Diffusion induced by B-doped Si waferโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ85 5.4 Diffusion induced by Si powderโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ.113 Chapter 6. Conclusions 119 Abstract in Korean 125Docto
    corecore