42 research outputs found
μλ°λΆμλ―Έμ κ²½λΆ νΈνμΈν¬μμ’ μ μνμ κ΄λ ¨λ λ°μ΄λ¬μ€ λ° λΆμμλ¬Όνμ μ§νμ λν κ³ μ°°
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μνκ³Ό, 2011.2. κΉκ΄ν.Docto
WDR1 expression in immortalized neonatal mouse cochlear cell line with or without neomycin pretreatment
Thesis(master`s)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μνκ³Ό μ΄λΉμΈνκ³Όν μ 곡,2006.Maste
Decentralization Reform and Regional Development in France
μ΄ κΈμ λͺ©μ μ 1980λ
λ μ΄λΆν° νλμ€μμ μνλ μ§λ°©λΆκΆν κ°νμ μ±
μ μ κ°κ³Όμ κ³Ό μ±κ²©μ μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ , κ·Έ μμλ₯Ό νκ°νλλ° μλ€.νλμ€λ 1981λ
μ¬νλΉ μ κΆμ λ±μ₯κ³Ό ν¨κ» μ§λ°©λΆκΆνλ₯Ό μΆμ§νμ¬ μμ¬μ μΈ μ§λ°©νμλλ₯Ό λ§μ΄νκ³ μλ€.κ·Έ λ°°κ²½μ νκΈ° μ°μ
μ¬νμμ μ λμ μ€μμ§κΆμ²΄μ κ° λΉν¨μ¨μ μ΄λ©°, μλ‘μ΄ μλλ³νμλ 무기λ ₯νλ€λ κ²μ΄μμΌλ©° , κ°νμ μ±
μ λͺ©νλ μ€μμ΄ κ²¬μ§ν΄ μ¨ κΆνκ³Ό μ±
μκ³Ό κΈ°λ₯μ μ§λ°©μΌλ‘ κ³Όκ°νκ² μ΄μνλ€λ κ²μ΄μλ€.μ μ±
μ λ΄μ©μ μ΄μ μ μ€λ μ§λ°©λΆκΆν λ
Έλ ₯μ ν¬κ² λ°μ΄ λλ νκΈ°μ μΈ κ²μΌλ‘μ, μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κ° μ§μμ κ²½μ μ , λ¬Ένμ μΆμ νλ ₯μ΄ λνλλ©°, μμΉλ¨μ²΄λ€ μμ¨μ±μ ν λλ‘ λ―Όμ£Όνμ μ μΆκ΅¬νλ©°, μ£Όλ―Όμ μ§μμμλ μ±μλμ΄ κ°κ³ μλ€.νμ§λ§ μ§λ μ μλ
κ°μ μ§λ°©λΆκΆν κ³Όμ μμ μ μμ λ¬Έμ μ μ΄ λ°κ²¬λκ³ μλ€.νΉν νμ κ³μΈ΅κ° κΆνλ°°λΆμ λΆλͺ
νμ±, μμΉλ¨μ²΄μ μ¬μ λΆλ΄ νλ μ‘°μ λμ§ μμ μ§λ°©νμ ꡬμ, μ νλ μ£Όλ―Όμ°Έμ¬ λ±μ νλμ€μ μ§λ°©λΆκΆν κ°νμ μ μ°©κ³Ό μ§μμ μΈ μ§μλ°μ μ μν΄ μμΌλ‘ ν΄κ²°λμ΄μΌ ν κ³Όμ λ‘ λ±μ₯νκ³ μλ€. This paper examines the principal features of the ambitious reform regarding decentralization and territorial reorganization implemented in France since 1982 and evaluates the consequences of this reform in terms of regional development.From the early nineteenth century onward, numerous proposals were advanced by intellectuals and politicians to modify the extreme centralization of government.After the end of World War II, French government seemed to have become more seriously concerned with the reform of sub-national administration for a variety of reasons: population movements and inequalities; the need for new forms of functional administration for which old units were insufficient; the problems of duplication and inefficiency; the recognition of the fact that regional provincial attitudes have survived strongly in some areas and that these attitudes may be inconsistent with existing patterns of over-centralization; and the popular desire to participate in a more meaningful type of grass-roots politics.
The most significant innovation since the French Revolution was undertaken soon after the Socialist electoral victory of 1981.The declared objective of the decentralization reform was to devolve powers and responsibilities from Paris to directly elected local and regional governments.The French state was to be decentralized and democratized in accordance with the socialists long-standing electoral promise.The office of prefect was abolished and replaced by that of the commissioner of the republic.The 1982 reform also granted regions a primary role in the formulation and implementation of the national economic plan and territorial policies.And a number of lections of central government were relocated in the hands of the regional and local authorities.The reform has created new opportunities for regional politico-administrative structure, identifiable regional interests and regional political elite.However, the decentralization and regionalization has been relatively limited especially with regard to the allocation of state finance and was only carried out in a fragmentary way.After more one decade the decentralization reform policy now needs new fresh impels to the continuing successes
A Study on the Logics and Content System for a New Regional Geography of Korea
μ΄κΈμ κ΅κ°μ¬νμ λ°μ κ³Όμ μμ μ°λ¦¬κ΅ν μ κ°μ§μμꡬ쑰· κΈ°λ₯μ λ³λ μμμ νμ
νκΈ° μν΄, κ΅ν μ°κ΅¬μμ΄ κΈ°ννκ³ μλ κ°μ² κ΅ν μ§μ§κ° κ³Όμ° μ΄λ€ λ¬Έμ μμκ³Ό λ°©ν₯μ κ°κ³ , μ΄λ€ λ΄μ©μ²΄κ³λ₯Ό κ°κ³ μΆμ§λμ΄μΌ ν κ²μΈμ§μ λν΄ μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ μνλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν νμ μ κΈ°μ΄ μμ
μ νλλ‘μ μλλ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ§λ¦¬νμμ λ
Όμλμ΄ μ¨ μ§μ§μ°κ΅¬μ μλ―Έμ λν₯μ κ°λ΅ν κ²ν ν λ€, κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ§μ§μ μ°¨λ³ν ν μ μλ μλ‘μ΄ μ§μ§νΈμ°¬μ λ°©ν₯κ³Ό λ΄μ©μ²΄κ³λ₯Ό λ
Όμνκ³ μ νλ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ κ΅ν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μν μ§μ§νΈμ°¬μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ±κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉνμ μΌλ‘ μ±μ°°νκ³ μ§μνλ, κ΅ν μ κ° μ§μμ λ°μ κ³Όμ μ μ΄μ²΄μ μΌλ‘ λ΄μλ΄λ λμμ κ·Έκ°μ κ΅ν κ°λ° μ μ±
μ λν νκ°μ λ―Έλ μ μ±
λ°©ν₯μ λ·λ°μΉ¨ν μ μλ λ¬Έμ μ§ν₯μ μ£Όμ λ₯Ό λ°κ΅΄νκ³ , μλμ μ
λ§λ νμκ³Ό μμ λ°©μμ κ°μΆμ΄μΌ ν κ²μΌλ‘ μκ°λλ€.
This paper aims to explain the goals and approaches, and content system of a new regional geography of Korea that is now being planed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) in order to understand the structural and functional changes of national land and its regions. The study discussed the progresses and various critics in regional studies in geography and suggested a basic logics and content system of a new regional geography of Korea that will be differentiated from other regional geographies of Korea. A new regional geography should be based on the problem-oriented approach and focused on the comprehensive analysis of the structure and its dynamic changes of national land for a future spatial policies
The Effect of Carbothermic Reduction on the Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries
μ κ°κΈμμΈ λ¦¬ν¬(Li), λμΌ(Ni), μ½λ°νΈ(Co), λ§κ°(Mn)μ ν¨μ νλ ν리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬(spent Lithium-Ion Battery, spent LIB) λ°μμ κΈμ¦μ λλΉν΄ ν¨μ¨μ μΈ μ¬νμ© κ³΅μ ꡬμΆμ΄ νμνλ€. μμ© μ¬νμ© κ³΅μ μ ν©μ° μΉ¨μΆ κ³΅μ μ νλΆμμΌλ‘ μ΄μλκ³ μμΌλ κΈμ¦νλ ν리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬ λ°μλμ μ²λ¦¬νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ°μμΉ¨μΆκ³΅μ κ°λ°μ΄ μꡬλλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μκ·Ήμ¬λ₯Ό νμμν€κΈ° μν΄ μΉ¨μΆ κ³΅μ μ μ νμλ°°μλ₯Ό μννκ³ ν©μ°λ§μΌλ‘ μΉ¨μΆμ΄ κ°λ₯νλλ‘ μ²λ¦¬νλ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μννμλ€. νμλ°°μ μ νμμ λ‘λ μκ·Ήμ¬μΈ νμ°μ νμ©νκ³ μ νμ μ±λΆμ μ ννμλ€. ν리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬ μκ·Ήμ¬μ μμ½κΈ νμ(νμ±ν λ° νμ°)λ₯Ό μΌμ ν λΉμ¨λ‘ νΌν©νμ¬ λ°°μ곡μ μ μ΄μ©νκ³ , νμ λ°°μ ν ν©μ° μΉ¨μΆνμ¬ μ κ°κΈμμΈ λ¦¬ν¬, λμΌ, μ½λ°νΈ, λ§κ°μ μΉ¨μΆ κ±°λμ νμΈνμλ€. νμμ±λΆ μ΄μ© νμλ°°μ κ°λ₯μ±μ νμΈνκΈ° μνμ¬ λ°°μμ¨λ(600~900β), νμμ μ’
λ₯(νμ±ν, νμ°, νμκ·Ήμ¬), λΉλλΉ μ‘°κ±΄μ λ³μλ‘ μ€μ νμλ€. λ°°μμκ°(60min), λ°°μ μ¨λ μμΉ μλ(7β/min), μ£Όμ
κ°μ€ λ° μ λ(Ar 0.7L/min), μΉ¨μΆ μ‘°κ±΄(κ΅λ°μλ : 400rpm, μ¨λ : 90β, κ΄μ‘ λλ : 25%, μΉ¨μΆμ‘ : 1M H2SO4, μκ° : 120min) λ± λ€λ₯Έ 쑰건μ κ³ μ νμλ€. νμ±νμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ°°μνμ λ λ°°μμ¨λ 600, 700, 800βμμ 리ν¬, λμΌ, μ½λ°νΈ, λ§κ°μ μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨μ 99.9% μ΄μμ΄λ€. νμ°μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ°°μνμμ λ λͺ¨λ κΈμμ μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨μ 98% μ΄μμ΄λ€. νμκ·Ήμ¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ°°μνμμ λ 리ν¬κ³Ό λ§κ° μΉ¨μΆλ₯ 99.9%μ΄μ, λμΌ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ 96.5% μ΄μ, μ½λ°νΈ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ 99.7% μ΄μμ΄λ€. νμ±νκ³Ό νμκ·Ήμ¬μ κ²½μ° λΉλλΉκ° ν΄μλ‘ μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨μ΄ μ¦κ°νλ©° νμ°μ κ²½μ° λΉλλΉμ 무κ΄νκ² λͺ¨λ κΈμ μΉ¨μΆλ₯ μ 98% μ΄μμΌλ‘ λνλ νμλ°°μ ν ν©μ°μΉ¨μΆκ³΅μ μ μν΄ μ κ°κΈμμ±λΆμ΄ μ±κ³΅μ μΌλ‘ μΉ¨μΆλ κ²μ μ μ μμλ€.|An efficient recycling process of spent lithium ion batteries (LIB) is required to prepare for a rapid increase in the generation of spent LIB containing valuable metals such as lithium(Li), nickel(Ni), cobalt(Co), and manganese(Mn). The continuous leching process will replace the batch sulfuric acid leaching in commercial leaching processes to treat the rapid increasing amount of spent LIB. In the present study, the process using sulfuric acid leaching after roasting process with carbon sources, which reduce cathode materials, was investigated, and spent graphite, which is used as anode material in LIB, was chosen as a reductant during the roasting process. A sample mixture was used in the roasting process, by mixing the cathode materials of spent LIB and reagent-grade carbon sources (activated carbon or graphite) with a designated ratio, and the leaching behaviors of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were examined. In a typical run of roasting and leaching tests was performed under the following conditions; roasting time 60 min, heating rate 7β/min, Ar gas inlet 0.7L/min, agitation speed 400 rpm, leaching temperature 90β, pulp density 25%, leaching solution 1M H2SO4, and leaching time 120min. The effects of roasting temperature (600~900β), the type of reductant (activated carbon, graphite, and spent anode materials), equivalent ratio on the leaching were investigated to confirm the feasibility of roasting process. At 600, 700, 800β of roasting temperature, the leaching efficiencies of lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese increased over 99.9% after roasting with activated carbon, while the leaching efficiencies reach over 98% after roasting with graphite. When the spent anode materials were used as a reductant, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Mn were over 99.9%, and the efficiencies of Ni and Co were 96.5% and 99.7%, respectively. In the cases of activated carbon and spent anode materials, the leaching efficiencies increased with increasing the equivalent ratio, and, in the case of graphite, the leaching efficiencies of metals was found to be over 99% regardless of the equivalent ratio. These results indicate that the valuable metals were leached successfully in the sulfuric acid leaching process after reduction roasting.1. μλ‘ 1
1.1. μ°κ΅¬ λ°°κ²½ 1
1.1.1. 리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬ 1
1.1.2. ν리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬ μ¦κ° 6
1.1.3. κΈ°μ‘΄ ν리ν¬μ΄μ¨λ°°ν°λ¦¬ 곡μ 13
1.2. μ°κ΅¬ λͺ©μ 17
2. μ΄λ‘ μ λ°°κ²½ 18
2.1. νμλ°°μ 18
2.2. μΉ¨μΆ 20
3. μ€νλ°©λ² 21
3.1. μ€ν μ¬λ£ 21
3.1.1. μκ·Ήμ¬ μ’
λ₯ 21
3.1.2. νμμ μ’
λ₯ 23
3.1.3. μμ½ 24
3.2. μ€ν λ°©λ² 25
3.2.1. νμ λ°°μ μ€ν 26
3.2.2. μΉ¨μΆ μ€ν 28
4. μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό 31
4.1. μκ·Ήμ¬(NCM622)μ νμ±νμ νμλ°°μ 31
4.1.1. λ°°μ μ¨λλ³ νμλ°°μ μν₯ 31
4.1.2. λ°°μ μ 무μ λ°λ₯Έ μΉ¨μΆν¨μ¨ 34
4.1.3. λ°°μ μ¨λλ³ μ κ°κΈμ(Li, Ni, Co, Mn) μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 36
4.1.4. NCM622μ νμ±ν λΉλλΉ λ³ λ°°μ μ μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨ 40
4.2. νμκ·Ήμ¬ μ’
λ₯λ³ νμλ°°μ ν μΉ¨μΆ 42
4.2.1. νμκ·Ήμ¬μ νμ±ν νΌν© λ° λ°°μ ν μΉ¨μΆκ±°λ 43
4.2.2. νμκ·Ήμ¬μ νμ° λΉλλΉ λ³ λ°°μ ν μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨ 51
4.3. νμμ λ‘μ¨ μκ·Ήμ¬ μ’
λ₯λ³ νμ λ°°μ ν μΉ¨μΆ 57
4.3.1 νμμ λ‘μ¨ νμ±νκ³Ό νμ° μ¬μ© μ ν©μ° μΉ¨μΆ ν¨μ¨ λΉκ΅ 57
4.3.2. νμμ λ‘μ¨ νμκ·Ήμ¬ μ¬μ©μ λΉλλΉ λ³ ν©μ° μΉ¨μΆ 62
5. κ²°λ‘ 67Maste