42 research outputs found

    μ›λ°œλΆ€μœ„λ―Έμƒ κ²½λΆ€ νŽΈν‰μ„Έν¬μ•”μ’…μ˜ μ˜ˆν›„μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ 및 λΆ„μžμƒλ¬Όν•™μ  μ§€ν‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³ μ°°

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2011.2. κΉ€κ΄‘ν˜„.Docto

    WDR1 expression in immortalized neonatal mouse cochlear cell line with or without neomycin pretreatment

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    Thesis(master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό 이비인후과학 전곡,2006.Maste

    Decentralization Reform and Regional Development in France

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    이 κΈ€μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 1980λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆλΆ€ν„° ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ—μ„œ μ‹œν–‰λœ μ§€λ°©λΆ„κΆŒν™” κ°œν˜μ •μ±…μ˜ μ „κ°œκ³Όμ •κ³Ό 성격을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , κ·Έ 의의λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€.ν”„λž‘μŠ€λŠ” 1981λ…„ μ‚¬νšŒλ‹Ή μ •κΆŒμ˜ λ“±μž₯κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ§€λ°©λΆ„κΆŒν™”λ₯Ό μΆ”μ§„ν•˜μ—¬ 역사적인 μ§€λ°©ν™”μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λ§žμ΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€.κ·Έ 배경은 ν›„κΈ° μ‚°μ—…μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ „λž˜μ˜ μ€‘μ•™μ§‘κΆŒμ²΄μ œκ°€ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄λ©°, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œλŒ€λ³€ν™”μ—λ„ 무기λ ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©° , κ°œν˜μ •μ±…μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” 쀑앙이 견지해 온 κΆŒν•œκ³Ό μ±…μž„κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ§€λ°©μœΌλ‘œ κ³Όκ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μ–‘ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€.μ •μ±…μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ€ μ΄μ „μ˜ 였랜 μ§€λ°©λΆ„κΆŒν™” λ…Έλ ₯을 크게 λ›°μ–΄ λ„˜λŠ” 획기적인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 각 μ§€μ—­μ˜ 경제적, 문화적 삢에 ν™œλ ₯이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λ©°, μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄λ“€ μžμœ¨μ„±μ„ ν† λŒ€λ‘œ 민주행정을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λ©°, 주민의 μ§€μ—­μ˜μ‹λ„ μ„±μˆ™λ˜μ–΄ κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€.ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€λ‚œ μ‹­ μˆ˜λ…„κ°„μ˜ μ§€λ°©λΆ„κΆŒν™” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ μž–μ€ 문제점이 발견되고 μžˆλ‹€.특히 행정계측간 κΆŒν•œλ°°λΆ„μ˜ 뢈λͺ…ν™•μ„±, μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μž¬μ •λΆ€λ‹΄ ν™•λŒ€ μ‘°μ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 지방행정ꡬ역, μ œν•œλœ μ£Όλ―Όμ°Έμ—¬ 등은 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ μ§€λ°©λΆ„κΆŒν™” 개혁의 μ •μ°©κ³Ό 지속적인 μ§€μ—­λ°œμ „μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  과제둜 λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. This paper examines the principal features of the ambitious reform regarding decentralization and territorial reorganization implemented in France since 1982 and evaluates the consequences of this reform in terms of regional development.From the early nineteenth century onward, numerous proposals were advanced by intellectuals and politicians to modify the extreme centralization of government.After the end of World War II, French government seemed to have become more seriously concerned with the reform of sub-national administration for a variety of reasons: population movements and inequalities; the need for new forms of functional administration for which old units were insufficient; the problems of duplication and inefficiency; the recognition of the fact that regional provincial attitudes have survived strongly in some areas and that these attitudes may be inconsistent with existing patterns of over-centralization; and the popular desire to participate in a more meaningful type of grass-roots politics. The most significant innovation since the French Revolution was undertaken soon after the Socialist electoral victory of 1981.The declared objective of the decentralization reform was to devolve powers and responsibilities from Paris to directly elected local and regional governments.The French state was to be decentralized and democratized in accordance with the socialists long-standing electoral promise.The office of prefect was abolished and replaced by that of the commissioner of the republic.The 1982 reform also granted regions a primary role in the formulation and implementation of the national economic plan and territorial policies.And a number of lections of central government were relocated in the hands of the regional and local authorities.The reform has created new opportunities for regional politico-administrative structure, identifiable regional interests and regional political elite.However, the decentralization and regionalization has been relatively limited especially with regard to the allocation of state finance and was only carried out in a fragmentary way.After more one decade the decentralization reform policy now needs new fresh impels to the continuing successes

    A Study on the Logics and Content System for a New Regional Geography of Korea

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    이글은 κ΅­κ°€μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λ°œμ „κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ΅­ν† μ™€ κ°μ§€μ—­μ˜κ΅¬μ‘°Β· κΈ°λŠ₯적 변동 양상을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, ꡭ토연ꡬ원이 κΈ°νšν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ°€μ²­ ꡭ토지지가 κ³Όμ—° μ–΄λ–€ λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹κ³Ό λ°©ν–₯을 κ°–κ³ , μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄μš©μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μΆ”μ§„λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것인지에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ μžν–ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν•™μˆ μ  기초 μž‘μ—…μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œμ„œ μ‹œλ„λœ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ§€λ¦¬ν•™μ—μ„œ λ…Όμ˜λ˜μ–΄ 온 μ§€μ§€μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ 동ν–₯을 κ°„λž΅νžˆ κ²€ν† ν•œ λ’€, 기쑴의 지지와 차별화 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ§€μ§€νŽΈμ°¬μ˜ λ°©ν–₯κ³Ό λ‚΄μš©μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³ μž ν–ˆλ‹€. 결둠적으둜 ꡭ토연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ§€μ§€νŽΈμ°¬μ€ κΈ°μ‘΄μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ μ„±μ°°ν•˜κ³  μ§€μ–‘ν•˜λ˜, ꡭ토와 각 μ§€μ—­μ˜ λ°œμ „κ³Όμ •μ„ 총체적으둜 λ‹΄μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— κ·Έκ°„μ˜ κ΅­ν† κ°œλ°œ 정책에 λŒ€ν•œ 평가와 미래 μ •μ±…λ°©ν–₯을 λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 문제 지ν–₯적 주제λ₯Ό λ°œκ΅΄ν•˜κ³ , μ‹œλŒ€μ— μ•Œ λ§žλŠ” ν˜•μ‹κ³Ό μ„œμˆ λ°©μ‹μ„ κ°–μΆ”μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. This paper aims to explain the goals and approaches, and content system of a new regional geography of Korea that is now being planed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS) in order to understand the structural and functional changes of national land and its regions. The study discussed the progresses and various critics in regional studies in geography and suggested a basic logics and content system of a new regional geography of Korea that will be differentiated from other regional geographies of Korea. A new regional geography should be based on the problem-oriented approach and focused on the comprehensive analysis of the structure and its dynamic changes of national land for a future spatial policies

    The Effect of Carbothermic Reduction on the Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

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    μœ κ°€κΈˆμ†μΈ 리튬(Li), λ‹ˆμΌˆ(Ni), μ½”λ°œνŠΈ(Co), 망간(Mn)을 ν•¨μœ ν•˜λŠ” νλ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬(spent Lithium-Ion Battery, spent LIB) λ°œμƒμ˜ 급증에 λŒ€λΉ„ν•΄ 효율적인 μž¬ν™œμš© 곡정 ꡬ좕이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μƒμš© μž¬ν™œμš© κ³΅μ •μ˜ ν™©μ‚° 침좜 곡정은 νšŒλΆ„μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 운영되고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ κΈ‰μ¦ν•˜λŠ” νλ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬ λ°œμƒλŸ‰μ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ—°μ†μΉ¨μΆœκ³΅μ • 개발이 μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–‘κ·Ήμž¬λ₯Ό ν™˜μ›μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 침좜 곡정 전에 ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  ν™©μ‚°λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 침좜이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ μ‹œ ν™˜μ›μ œλ‘œλŠ” 음극재인 흑연을 ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³ μž νƒ„μ†Œ 성뢄을 μ„ νƒν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νλ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬ μ–‘κ·Ήμž¬μ— μ‹œμ•½κΈ‰ νƒ„μ†Œ(ν™œμ„±νƒ„ 및 흑연)λ₯Ό μΌμ •ν•œ λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ ν˜Όν•©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ†Œκ³΅μ •μ— μ΄μš©ν•˜κ³ , ν™˜μ› λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ ν™©μ‚° μΉ¨μΆœν•˜μ—¬ μœ κ°€κΈˆμ†μΈ 리튬, λ‹ˆμΌˆ, μ½”λ°œνŠΈ, λ§κ°„μ˜ 침좜 거동을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νƒ„μ†Œμ„±λΆ„ 이용 ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ κ°€λŠ₯성을 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ†Œμ˜¨λ„(600~900℃), ν™˜μ›μ œ μ’…λ₯˜(ν™œμ„±νƒ„, 흑연, 폐음극재), λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„ 쑰건을 λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°°μ†Œμ‹œκ°„(60min), λ°°μ†Œ μ˜¨λ„ μƒμŠΉ 속도(7℃/min), μ£Όμž… κ°€μŠ€ 및 μœ λŸ‰(Ar 0.7L/min), 침좜 쑰건(κ΅λ°˜μ†λ„ : 400rpm, μ˜¨λ„ : 90℃, κ΄‘μ•‘ 농도 : 25%, μΉ¨μΆœμ•‘ : 1M H2SO4, μ‹œκ°„ : 120min) λ“± λ‹€λ₯Έ 쑰건은 κ³ μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™œμ„±νƒ„μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ†Œν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ λ°°μ†Œμ˜¨λ„ 600, 700, 800β„ƒμ—μ„œ 리튬, λ‹ˆμΌˆ, μ½”λ°œνŠΈ, λ§κ°„μ˜ 침좜 νš¨μœ¨μ€ 99.9% 이상이닀. 흑연을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ λͺ¨λ“  κΈˆμ†μ˜ 침좜 νš¨μœ¨μ€ 98% 이상이닀. 폐음극재λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ 리튬과 망간 침좜λ₯  99.9%이상, λ‹ˆμΌˆ 침좜λ₯  96.5% 이상, μ½”λ°œνŠΈ 침좜λ₯  99.7% 이상이닀. ν™œμ„±νƒ„κ³Ό 폐음극재의 경우 λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„κ°€ 클수둝 침좜 효율이 μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©° ν‘μ—°μ˜ 경우 λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„μ™€ λ¬΄κ΄€ν•˜κ²Œ λͺ¨λ“  κΈˆμ† 침좜λ₯ μ€ 98% μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ ν™©μ‚°μΉ¨μΆœκ³΅μ •μ— μ˜ν•΄ μœ κ°€κΈˆμ†μ„±λΆ„μ΄ μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 침좜된 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.|An efficient recycling process of spent lithium ion batteries (LIB) is required to prepare for a rapid increase in the generation of spent LIB containing valuable metals such as lithium(Li), nickel(Ni), cobalt(Co), and manganese(Mn). The continuous leching process will replace the batch sulfuric acid leaching in commercial leaching processes to treat the rapid increasing amount of spent LIB. In the present study, the process using sulfuric acid leaching after roasting process with carbon sources, which reduce cathode materials, was investigated, and spent graphite, which is used as anode material in LIB, was chosen as a reductant during the roasting process. A sample mixture was used in the roasting process, by mixing the cathode materials of spent LIB and reagent-grade carbon sources (activated carbon or graphite) with a designated ratio, and the leaching behaviors of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn were examined. In a typical run of roasting and leaching tests was performed under the following conditions; roasting time 60 min, heating rate 7℃/min, Ar gas inlet 0.7L/min, agitation speed 400 rpm, leaching temperature 90℃, pulp density 25%, leaching solution 1M H2SO4, and leaching time 120min. The effects of roasting temperature (600~900℃), the type of reductant (activated carbon, graphite, and spent anode materials), equivalent ratio on the leaching were investigated to confirm the feasibility of roasting process. At 600, 700, 800℃ of roasting temperature, the leaching efficiencies of lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese increased over 99.9% after roasting with activated carbon, while the leaching efficiencies reach over 98% after roasting with graphite. When the spent anode materials were used as a reductant, the leaching efficiencies of Li and Mn were over 99.9%, and the efficiencies of Ni and Co were 96.5% and 99.7%, respectively. In the cases of activated carbon and spent anode materials, the leaching efficiencies increased with increasing the equivalent ratio, and, in the case of graphite, the leaching efficiencies of metals was found to be over 99% regardless of the equivalent ratio. These results indicate that the valuable metals were leached successfully in the sulfuric acid leaching process after reduction roasting.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1. 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½ 1 1.1.1. λ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬ 1 1.1.2. νλ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬ 증가 6 1.1.3. κΈ°μ‘΄ νλ¦¬νŠ¬μ΄μ˜¨λ°°ν„°λ¦¬ 곡정 13 1.2. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  17 2. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 18 2.1. ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ 18 2.2. 침좜 20 3. μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• 21 3.1. μ‹€ν—˜ 재료 21 3.1.1. μ–‘κ·Ήμž¬ μ’…λ₯˜ 21 3.1.2. ν™˜μ›μ œ μ’…λ₯˜ 23 3.1.3. μ‹œμ•½ 24 3.2. μ‹€ν—˜ 방법 25 3.2.1. ν™˜μ› λ°°μ†Œ μ‹€ν—˜ 26 3.2.2. 침좜 μ‹€ν—˜ 28 4. μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό 31 4.1. μ–‘κ·Ήμž¬(NCM622)와 ν™œμ„±νƒ„μ˜ ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ 31 4.1.1. λ°°μ†Œ μ˜¨λ„λ³„ ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ 영ν–₯ 31 4.1.2. λ°°μ†Œ μœ λ¬΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 침좜효율 34 4.1.3. λ°°μ†Œ μ˜¨λ„λ³„ μœ κ°€κΈˆμ†(Li, Ni, Co, Mn) μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 36 4.1.4. NCM622와 ν™œμ„±νƒ„ λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„ 별 λ°°μ†Œ μ‹œ 침좜 효율 40 4.2. νμ–‘κ·Ήμž¬ μ’…λ₯˜λ³„ ν™˜μ›λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ 침좜 42 4.2.1. νμ–‘κ·Ήμž¬μ™€ ν™œμ„±νƒ„ ν˜Όν•© 및 λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ μΉ¨μΆœκ±°λ™ 43 4.2.2. νμ–‘κ·Ήμž¬μ™€ 흑연 λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„ 별 λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ 침좜 효율 51 4.3. ν™˜μ›μ œλ‘œμ¨ 음극재 μ’…λ₯˜λ³„ ν™˜μ› λ°°μ†Œ ν›„ 침좜 57 4.3.1 ν™˜μ›μ œλ‘œμ¨ ν™œμ„±νƒ„κ³Ό 흑연 μ‚¬μš© μ‹œ ν™©μ‚° 침좜 효율 비ꡐ 57 4.3.2. ν™˜μ›μ œλ‘œμ¨ 폐음극재 μ‚¬μš©μ‹œ λ‹ΉλŸ‰λΉ„ 별 ν™©μ‚° 침좜 62 5. κ²°λ‘  67Maste
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