15 research outputs found

    ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ๋ฆผ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์กฐํƒ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ ๋ฆผ ๊ฐœ์„ 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2014. 8. ์ฃผ์ข…๋‚จ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ”„๋ฆญ์…˜์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธ์ž ๋ฐ ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜์ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํƒ€์ด์–ด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์Šฌ๋ฆฝ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ํšก๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋™์—ญํ•™์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํƒ€์ด์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ํ”Œ๋ผ์ด ์Šคํ‹ฐ์–ด ํž˜๋„ ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์บ ๋ฒ„ ๊ฐ, ํ‚นํ•€ ๊ฐ, ์บ์Šคํ„ฐ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํœ  ์–ผ๋ผ์ธ๋จผํŠธ ์„ธํŒ…๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ ํƒ€์ž… ์ „๊ธฐ ๋™๋ ฅ์‹ ์กฐํ–ฅ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐํ–ฅ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„, ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ˆ˜์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ •์ , ๋™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ ๋ฆผ ํž˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง๊ณผ ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ๋ฆผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ๋ฆผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ ๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ๋ฆผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ ๋ฆผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฐจ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ž๋ณ„ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ค‘, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์กฐํƒ€๊ฐ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ”„๋ฆญ์…˜ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์กฐํ–ฅ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋งํฌ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ ๋ฆผ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์กฐํƒ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ ๋ฆผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ๋ฆผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์กฐํƒ€๊ฐ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ ๋ฆผ ์ธ์ž ์„ค์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ ๋ฆผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์ ๋ฆผ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ธ์ž์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ธ์ž๋งŒ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์—๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.This study proposed a modeling method to simulate steering pull in automotive vehicle. In order to overcome weakness of the existing method which depends on trial and error procedure in controlling steering pull, this study utilized theoretical approaches and field test for estimations and improvements of steering pull. Pulling force of the target vehicle according to driving conditions and design parameters was modeled through theoretical calculations. Pulling force generated by bank of the road calculated with vehicle mass and bank angle. When the pulling force acts on tire of the target vehicle, slip and lateral force occurs. For the theoretical calculation of lateral force, tire properties of the target vehicle were measured and vehicle dynamics was employed. Ply-steer force of the tire also measured and applied to pulling force modeling. Wheel alignment settings such as camber angle, kingpin angle and caster angle which affect pulling force were also included in pulling force modeling. Steering system of the target vehicle utilize a Column type Electric Power Steering (C-EPS). A C-EPS system can be subdivided into two parts โ€“ mechanical part and electrical part. In this study, mechanical parts of a C-EPS were modeled with mathematical equations to apply on pulling force modeling. With this modeling, static and dynamic behaviors of the steering system can be simulated. Steering pull distance of the target vehicle was estimated with steering pull model which is the integration model of pulling force model and steering system model. Estimation results of the steering pull distance were verified through field tests. After the steering pull verification, steering pull factors were modified and applied to steering pull model to analyze sensitivity of factor modification. With this process, several methods to improve the steering pull were proposed according to sensitivity analysis of steering pull factors and they were verified with field tests. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the steering system friction was performed to propose improvement method which has better steering feel than the existing method. Additional improvement methods were also investigated through modification of lower body linkage. Consequently, steering pull improvement method which has reduced steering pull distance and better steering feel was proposed. The modeling method proposed in this study enables the estimation of steering pull at early stage of vehicle design process. Thus many steering pull factors can be considered in design process and it lead to effective reduction of steering pull and improvement of steering feel. In addition, the steering pull model and factor analysis also enable prompt response to change of design parameter and driving conditions and it can be applied to steering pull analysis of other vehicles.Abstract i Contents iv List of Figures vi List of Tables x 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Previous research 3 1.3 Current method for reducing steering pull 5 1.4 Research objective 9 1.5 Dissertation overview 12 2. Pulling force modeling 16 2.1 Bank angle 17 2.2 Vehicle dynamics and tire 20 2.3 Wheel alignment 35 3. Steering system modeling 47 3.1 Lower body linkage modeling 48 3.2 Rack and pinion gear modeling 56 3.3 Universal joint modeling 58 3.4 Steering column modeling 60 3.5 Steering system modeling 66 4. Steering pull modeling 68 4.1 Integration of pulling force 68 4.2 Estimation of steering pull distance of the vehicle 74 4.3 Modeling for steering pull 76 5. Steering pull estimation and verification 78 5.1 Steering pull estimation 78 5.2 Steering pull verification 81 6. Sensitivity analysis of steering pull factors 86 6.1 Sensitivity analysis of steering pull factors 86 6.2 Verifications of factor analysis 110 7. Improvement method for steering pull 118 7.1 Proposed methods for steering pull improvement 119 7.2 Verification of proposed methods 121 7.3 Steering feel analysis of improvement methods 128 7.4 Steering pull improvement considering steering feel 136 8. Conclusion 146 References 151 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 154Docto

    ์™„ํ™”ํ˜• ๊ฐ•์œ ์ „์ฒด Pb(Zn[โ…“] Nb[โ…”])O[3]์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์„ฑ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฌด๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste

    (The)Growth of Pb(Mg13Nb23)03-PbTiO3 single crystal and the investigation of domain structure

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2004.Docto

    Micro ED-drilling์—์„œ์˜ TR-iso-pulse generator ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 2. ์ฃผ์ข…๋‚จ.This study describes a TR-iso-pulse generator which has better machining performance than an RC-pulse generator in micro-electrical discharge drilling (micro ED-drilling). Although machining with a TR-pulse generator is more efficient compared to when using a RC-pulse generator in macro-scale EDM, an RC-pulse generator is mainly used in micro EDM because it can generate the short discharge pulse necessary to minimize the discharge energy. However, to increase the machining efficiency, it is necessary to develop a TR-iso-pulse generator capable of generating a small amount of uniform discharge energy. In this research, a TR-iso-pulse generator was constructed for micro ED-drilling. For an accurate performance comparison between an RC-pulse generator and a TR-iso-pulse generator, each pulse generator was set up to generate the same discharge energy for a single discharge. Through micro ED-drilling, material removal rate (MRR) and relative wear ratio (RWR) were measured with respect to feed rate, and surface roughness was also measured with a 3D profiler. As a result, MRR increased by 121% and RWR decreased by 39% in the TR-iso-pulse generator compared with the RC-pulse generator. Surface roughness also reduced by 22% in the TR-iso-pulse generator.Chapter 1. Introduction . 1 Chapter 2. Experimental setup . 6 2.1 Experimental setup . 6 2.2 Introduction of th TR-iso-pulse generator 8 Chapter 3. Result and discussion 13 3.1 Material Removal Rate (MRR) 13 3.1.1 Experimental result 18 3.1.2 Effect of the machining depth and machining time on the MRR . 16 3.2 Relative Wear Ratio (RWR) 21 3.1.1 Experimental result 21 3.1.2 Effect of reverse current on the tool wear length . 23 3.3 Surface roughness 24 3.3.1 Experimental result 24 3.3.2 Effect of the uniform discharge energy . 25 Chapter 4. Conclusion . 26 References 28 Abstract in Korean 31Maste

    Controlling the Balance Between Surface Adhesion and Cohesion in Underwater Mussel Adhesion System

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    Doctorํ™ํ•ฉ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ๋†’์€ ์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹คํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ํ™ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ ‘์ฐฉ๊ธฐ์ž‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ€˜๋„ํŒŒโ€™ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๊ณ , ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์˜๋กœ์†Œ์žฌ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋„ํŒŒ ๋งŒ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ํ™ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™ํ•ฉ์€ ๋„ํŒŒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ™ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋„ํŒŒ ์ด์™ธ์— ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋„ํŒŒ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์ด ๋„ํŒŒ์™€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ํŒŒ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ์ž์ฃผ ๋„ํŒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์ง์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉดํž˜์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ„ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋„ํŒŒ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋„ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ๋„ํŒŒ์™€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ ์นธ ์ด์ƒ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด water magnetization NMR๊ณผ DFT๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ด์›ƒํ•œ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„ํŒŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ฒจ๋‚ด์–ด ๋„ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ฐฉํ‘œ๋ฉด๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ™ํ•ฉ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‘์ง‘์ „๋žต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์Œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ฒ -๋งค๊ฐœ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•ž์„  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์Œ์ด ์ฒ -๋งค๊ฐœ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํž˜์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 1D selective NOESY NMR๊ณผ DFT๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์›์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์˜ ์•„๋ฏผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ  ์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ๋ ฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์˜ ๊ธด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ  ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ผ€ํƒ€์ด์–ธ-ํŒŒ์ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์Œ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ‘œ๋ฉดํž˜์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ€ํƒ€์ด์–ธ-ํŒŒ์ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒ -๋งค๊ฐœ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ผ์ด์‹ -๋„ํŒŒ ์Œ์ด ์ผ€ํƒ€์ด์–ธ-ํŒŒ์ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ผ๋งŒ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ผ์ด์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ํŒŒ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌผ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ์›๋ž˜ ์ผ€ํƒ€์ด์–ธ-ํŒŒ์ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ผ€ํƒ€์ด์–ธ-ํŒŒ์ด ์ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ fp-6๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, 6๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‚˜ ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์—๋Š” 6๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ํ•ญ์‚ฐํ™” ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐํ™”๋œ ๋„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ† ํ† ๋จธ ํ‰ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ž์™ธ์„ -๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 6๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ 3๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ pH์—์„œ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„ํŒŒํ€ด๋…ผ์ด 3๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋งŒ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ 6๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ธํƒ€๋„ํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ถ„์ž์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ฉดํž˜์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๋„ํŒŒํ€ด๋…ผ์ด ์—†์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” hardwall๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์•ž์„  ์ž์™ธ์„ -๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ๋Š” fp-4์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. fp-4์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ”Œ๋ฝ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ acidicํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ basicํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‘ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ acidicํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™ํ•ฉ์ ‘์ฐฉ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ basicํ•œ๋ฐ ์ฝ”์•„์„œ๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ ํ˜•์„ฑ์—๋Š” acidicํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์žฌ์กฐํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ 4๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ acidicํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋งŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž์™ธ์„ -๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ acidicํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ basicํ•œ 3๋ฒˆ, 1๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ฝ”์•„์„œ๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ 4๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ acidic๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ๊ณผ๋„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 4๋ฒˆ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ aggregate๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉดํž˜์ธก์ •๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4๋ฒˆ์˜ acidic๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋„ํŒŒ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ‘์ฐฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฒด์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ๋จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™ํ•ฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ ‘์ฐฉ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.Underwater mussel adhesion has been acquired numerous interests due to its versatility in tissue engineering and medical application area. Mussels use foot to make byssal thread and plaque. Plaque, which interacts to the surface directly, consists of ~19 proteins and 6 of them have been purified and characterized. The most significant in mussel adhesion is that interfacial proteins, locate at the interface between plaque and surface, have high portion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) which is a noncanonical amino acid hydroxylated from tyrosine, and most of underwater mussel adhesion studies have focused on Dopa residue. As a result, Dopa has been suggested as a multi-talented molecule which can participate to both surface adhesion and cohesion with various redox state and external conditions. From such understandings, successful materials have been reported in the tissue engineering and medical application area. Although many suggested materials that mimic Dopa to achieve underwater adhesion have shown successful results, we could not fully copy strong underwater adhesion of marine mussel. Because little is known about how to control the balance between surface adhesion and cohesion of Dopa which is crucial for achieving optimized overall underwater adhesion with the limited resources. I concentrated on the fact that little is known about mussel adhesion beside Dopa and dynamic interactions between foot proteins in different external conditions. Therefore, this dissertation describes about various factors that could affect the stance of Dopa (surface adhesion/cohesion) and contains insight about how to design systematic underwater bioadhesives in inter/intra macromolecule levels. In detail, for intra macromolecule level, I focused on other amino acid rather than Dopa. Lysine is also a major component of interfacial foot proteins. Interesting point of Lysine residues in interfacial foot proteins is that they often locate on right next to Dopa (~50% of Lysine has Dopa in neighbor). From this observation, I investigated Lysine-Dopa synergy in surface adhesion using surface forces apparatus (SFA). Synthetic peptides and re-designed recombinant protein were used to test the synergy. As a result, I confirmed the positive synergy of Lysine-Dopa pair on surface adhesion. Furthermore, I found that synergy comes from water displacement ability and charge bridge activity of Lysine residue. Next, I investigated on Lysine-Dopa pair effect in the aspect of Fe3+-mediated cohesion. As a result, I observed negative synergy for Fe3+-mediated cohesion, and I concluded that such anti-synergy comes from steric hinderance and electrostatic dispersion using ab initio density function theory (DFT) calculations. Cation-ฯ€ interaction is noncovalent interaction which plays important role on various biological phenomena. Also, cation-ฯ€ interaction participates in forming liquid droplets in the aspect of underwater mussel adhesion. I investigated amine-catechol pair effect on cation-ฯ€ interaction. As a result, I observed negative synergy on cation-ฯ€ interaction using SFA and Raman spectroscopy. Water displacement ability of adjacent amine changes local water molecule concentration, and this leads to the change the intensity of cation-ฯ€ interactions. After studying about amino acids, I focused on other foot proteins which might have undefined roles on underwater adhesion. fp-6 is one of the interfacial foot proteins which has many Cysteine residues but few Dopa residues. I expected that fp-6 might play roles on controlling redox state of Dopa in interfacial proteins, therefore, the role of fp-6 has been tested using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. As a result, I confirmed that fp-6 affects the tautomer equilibrium of oxidized Dopa in interfacial proteins. Such phenomenon was also confirmed from SFA study. Next, I focused on fp-4 which has acidic part in its sequence, which is interesting because most mussel foot proteins are basic in physiological conditions. Therefore, I produced and purified acidic part of fp-4 (fp-4a) in bacterial expression system. I observed liquid droplets of fp-4a with fp-3F and fp-151 using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and optical microscopy (OM). Also, I observed Ca2+ binding ability of fp-4a using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, OM, and SFA. This dissertation describes how to control surface adhesion and cohesion in underwater mussel adhesion. Two major components were the target of this study: (1) amino acids and (2) proteins. I expect that my findings could give insight in designing underwater bioadhesives mimicking mussel adhesion and suggest clues on how mussels achieve successful underwater adhesion

    The Effects of Empowerment on Perception-Based Organizational Performance: A Focus on the Mediating Effects of Individual and Organizational Characteristics

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2010๋…„ ์„œ์šธ์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต ํ•™์ˆ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ์›๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ ๋ณธ์ฒญ์˜ 10๊ฐœ ๊ตญ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๋Š” 262๋ช…์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋œ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•จ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ฐ„ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์™ธ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜•์ ํ•ฉ๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฐ„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์™€ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ ์—ญํ•  ์™ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋งค๊ฐœ์—ญํ• ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•จ์˜์™€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, this study collected data from 10 units of the Seoul Metropolitan Government to study the relationship between empowerment and organizational performance considering the mediating impacts at the both individual and organizational levels, including extra-role behavior, feedback, and interpersonal trust. Before analyzing the causal relationship and mediating effects, this study conducted confirmatory factor analysis to confirm each constructs proposed factor structure. The results of structural model in SEM found that empowerment increased perception-based organizational performance. In addition, it was found that the two mediating variables, including interpersonal trust and feedback, led to an increase in performance, as well as partially mediating the relationship between empowerment and performance. As a mediating variable in this study, however, extra-role behavior did not mediate the causal relationship between empowerment and performance. Some implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed based on these results
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