A Morphological Observation on Maturation of Fetal Testis

To evaluate the maturing process of male gonad during intrauterine life , a morphologic study was made, based on 135 normal human fetuses ranging in age from 16 to 40 gestation weeks. These fetuses were the products of induced deliveries, and were found to have no associated diseases or congenital anormalies at autopsy. Following observations were made: 1. Cross diameter of fetal testis increased as the fetus2S approached the term. There were two strueturally different periods during fetal dεvelopment: ene was rapid phase that lasted from 16th to 22nd week of gestation, and the other was slow phase that was from the 23rd to 40 weeks of gestational age. 2. The interstitial cells became prominent during the perioid of the 16th to 20th week of gestation and did rapidly disappear thereafter. 3. Mean diameter of seminiferous tubules decreased from G8.3μ at the 16th week to 55.5t at the 21th week and to 49. 0μ by term 4. Approximate ratio of spermatogonium to total cells in seminiferous tubules \vere 18.7"-'23.9% throughout the entire fetal period examined. E type spermatogonia were generally dominant campanεnt and A type spermatogonia appeared to decrease in number as the fetuses reached the term. 5. The tunica albuginea was incompletely formed and measured 40μ in thickness at the 16th week. It became progressively stabilized and thickened to be 210μ at the 34th week and 240{, by term. G. The rete testis communicated with seminiferous tubules by abortive lumens at the 16th 까re c k and became completely matured by 32 weeks of age. 7. There were 5 cases of ectopic adrenal glands embedded in testis among 1:13 cases, thus showing an incidence of 3.7%. 8. Based on above observations it could be concludcd as that first evidence of maturation as a male testis in fetal period was seen at tlF~ 24th week of gestation, thereafter it became slowly and progressi~ vely matured to show adult type histology except for spermatogenesis, by the 31th week of 앙 c s t a t lO n

Histopathologic and Enzyme Histochemical Stndies on the Effect of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Rat Kidney

Carbon monoxide poisoning has been one of the most serious medical problems in Korea. The frequent accidents are mainly due to the nationwide public uses of anthracite coal briquette as main domestic and industrial fuel. Recently, some of clinical observation of acute renal failure in patients of carbon monoxide poisoning were reported. An experimental study was performed to observe the effects of acute carbon monoxide poisoning on the kidney of rats , by means of histopathologic and enzyme histochemical methods, attempting to explore the mechanism behind the process of acute renal failure Experimental animals (Sprague-Dawley rats, 67 female , 210-280gm.) were devided into four groups by the duration of exposure and the conceutration of carbon monoxide; control U5 rats, unexposure). 1% CO expo (30min.) , 0.7% CO expo (12 rats, 60min.) and 0.4% CO expo (8 rats , 120 min.). Histopathologial investigation and the enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) , NADH diaphorase, lactic Kidneydehydrogenase CLDH) and alkaline phosphatase CAlk. P.) in kidney were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining and appropriate enzyme histochemical stamings. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Histologic section of rat kidney in groups of 30 min and 60 min. acute poisoning with 1% and 0.7% carbon monoxide revealed moderate to marked congestion of vasa recta especially in the corticornedullary junction associated with moderate degree hydropic degeneration of collecting tubules. Mild to moderate tubular necrosis and focal regeneration were observed mainly in the distal part of proximal con、oluted tubules in the inner cortex. The group of 120 min 0.4% acute poisoning showed a case of mild tubular necrosis out of 8 animal

A Morphological Observation on Maturation of Fetal Ovary

To evaluate the maturing process of female gonad during the intrauterine life, a light microscopic study was made based on 71 normal human ovaries ranging in gestational age from 16 to 40 weeks. These fetuses were the products of induced deliveries and all were proven by autopsy to have no associated disease or congenital malformation. Following observations were made: 1. Between gestation ages of 16 to 17 weeks the ovaries were characterized by a diffuse grouping of undifferentiated germ cells and scattered oogonia that occasionally showed first maturation division. At this period the ovary was very much reminiscent of dysgerminoma of adult ovary under lower power microscopy. 2. Secondary cortex became apparent by 18 to 22 weeks of gestation. and oogonia showed active maturation division and began to have primordial follicles. All stages of leptotene, zygotene and pachytene were seen in this period. 3. The primordial follicles were increased in number rapidly during 23 to 28 weeks, and the maturation became less active. Occasional primary follicle was seen in this period. ~. During 29 to 32 weeks the nuclei of primordial follicles were most in dictyoterie stage, and there appeared gradual increased in the number of primary follicles at the zone between secondary cortex and medulla. 5. From 33 weeks on, the secondary cortex of the ovary was gradually replaced by fibrous connective tissue with primordial and primary follicles underneath, thus first showing st igmata of adult ovary

The Clara Cells in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Rats

The authors report light microscopic and histochemical studies on the Clara cells of the terminal bronchioles in acute carbon monoxide poisoning rats. And, moreover, the morphologic features of the Clara cells and its population changes in the terminal bronchioles following short term exposure to carbon monoxide were observed. The nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (the Clara cells) were responded to acute carbon monoxide poisoning as an acceleration of prominent extrusion of the apical caps and resulted in apocrine secretion into the terminal bronchiole as well as significant decrease of their numbers in lobal distribution by 45 to 60 minutes (peX') <0. 01). And by the 2 hours, there was slight degree of compensation, similar to that seen in tl e acute hypoxia caused a deficiency of pulmonary surfactant. The results of this study indicated that the Clara cells were actively metabolic and has apocrine secretory function, which might be related to the pulmonary surfactant mechanism. (This study was supported in part by the research grant(C.M.B. 74-332-5), the China Medical Board of New York. This paper was read at the 4th Asia Pacific Congress on Disease of the Chest.

Solitary Tuberculosis in the Ilium -A Case Report-

A case of bone tuberculosis affecting the left iliac wing as a solitary cystic lesion was experienced at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Seoul District Armed Forces General Hospital in June 1980 We report this case with a brief review of references because of rarity of solitary tuberculosis involving the iliu

Subdural Lipoma of Cauda Equina

Lipomatous tumors of the central nervous system are generally considered as maldevelopmental origin. They can occur anywhere along the entire neural axis. Lipoma of the spinal cord is rare benign tumor occuring predominantly in cervical and thoracic cord. The incidence was reported 1% of all primary intraspinal tumors. The first intrameduallary lipoma in conus of spinal cord was reported by Gower in 1876. Review of literature concerning intradurallipoma done by Ehni and Love (1945) listed 29 cases un til 1945. Caram et al collected 51 cases un til 1957 and recently Giuffre listed 100 cases of this tumor in 1966. The case presented here is a surgically rem oved subdural lipoma arising in cauda equina. The surgical removal was very difficult because of infiltration into the cord and entangling with nerve roots

Histopathologic and Enzyme Histochemical Studies on Effects of Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Rat Liver

An experimental study was performed to observe the acute carbon monoxide poisoning in the liver of rats by means of histopathologic and enzyme histoch emical methods, attempting to explore the mechanism behind the process of the acute anoxic necrosis of liver Experimental animals(65 Sprague-Dawley rats , 210 ~280gm_) were devided into four groups by the duration of exposure and the concentration of carbon monoxide: Control (15 rats , unexposures) , 1% CO exp.(30 rats, 30 min.) , 0.7% CO exp. (12 rats,60 min.) and 0.4% CO expo (8 rats , 120 mip.). Histop hological investigation and the enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) , NADH diaphorase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) , alkaline phosphatase (alk. P.) and acid phosphatase(acid P.) in liver were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and appropriate enzyme histochemical stainings. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Histologic sections of rat liver in groups of acute poisoning with carbon monoxide revealed mild to moderate congestion of central vein and sinusoidal spaces, accompanied by acidophilic degeneration of hepatocytes, pyknosis, fatty changes and focal necrosisy. Central zone was more severely affected than portal zone and the reactions were more marked in higherconcentration and shott duration groups. 2. SDH and NADH diaphorase activities in all experimental group were significantly decreased in mild to moderate degrees, especially in central and miclzonal area. 3. LDH activities in all experimental rousps generally decreased in mild degree in the central and midzone in contrast to the increase in mild to moderate degree of portal zone. 4. Changes of alk. P. activities were not noticed. Acid phosphatase activities in all experimental groups were significantly incre-ased in 60 to 120 min. expo sures. 5. Above histopathologic and histochemical findings seemed to support that acute anoxic necrosis of liver could be included by acute carbon monoxide poisoning preceded by hepatic enzymeatic changes and the most vulnerable portion of hepatic parenchyme was to be central zone of hepatic lobule

An Experimental Study on the Proliferation of Hepatic Ovalocytes

Ductular cell proliferation induced by various chemical carcinogens and its sequences in the experimental animals are well known, . but the significance and fate in relation with cholangiocar cinogenesis through the phase of cholangiofibrosis remain yet inconclusive. The objective of this paper is to clarify the relationship between cholangiofibr• osis and cholangiocarcinoma and the causal role of the former in the cholangiocarcinogenesis. Fifty rats were perorally administered with 0.06 % p-DAB contained regular diet daily by 10 months, and various histologic alterations of intrahepatic biliary system were investigated by light microscopic methods. As a non•specific stage. there were 、". ide range of ovalocytic proliferation during administration of pDAB as a possible role of setting the stage to the carcinoma. With the progression of cholangiofibrosis, was a stage characterized by spotty but noninfiltrative proliferation of those cells with atypical epithelial linings prior to final development of cholangiocar cinoma, equvalent to the stage of dysplasia or precancerous phase; so the term cholangiodysplasia is proposed to indicate dual phase of cholangiofibrosis as a precancerous step to the cholangiocarcinoma During the neoplastic phase were numerical regre ssion of such cholangiodysplastic lesions in accordance to the multicentric development of carcinomatous transformation

Cytopathologic Study of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells on the Effect of Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Rats

An experimental study was performed to observe the cytopathologic effects of acute carbon monoxide intoxication in lapse on the cerebellar Purkinje cells 。f rats by means of cytologic, enzyme cytochemical methods using light and electron microscope attem' pting to explore the pathogenesis related to ultrastr uctural features and enzyme cytochemistry. Experimental animals(125 Wister rats , 300-350gm.) were devided into control and exposure groups which were exposed by 0.5%CO for 45 min. And thereafter left to fresh air in 15 minutes through 30 days past to acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Cytopathologic investigation around the stainability, changes of Nissl substances and ultrastructural study on Purlinje cells of rat cerebellum were made. and enzyme activities of succinic dehydrogenase, NADH diaphorase, lactic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in them were observed by appropriate enzyme cytochemical stainings. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The blood CO-Hb concentration was 89. 1±7. 6 % in acute carbon monoxide intoxication with 0.5% CO for 45 min. exposure and then rapidly degraded to 20. 2±9. 4% in 60 min. past the intoxication to leave in fresh air and reached to normal range in 4 hours past 2. Histologic sections of Nissl stainings revealed moderate decrease of stainability in chromatophilia of Nissl substances of cerebellar Purkinje cells and mild eloudy swelling of them with occasional central chromatolysis in rats of acute carbon monoxide intoxication. These findings were aggravated as far as 2 hours past the intoxication and thereafter arnended gradually in 6 hours through 24 hours pas t. 3. a) Mitochondrial SDH and NADH diaphorase activities of cerebellar Purkinje cells were moderately decreased in acute carbon monoxide intoxication, and their activities were gradually increased in 60 min. through 24 hours past the intoxication and thereafter reached to normal activities as control, to be more or less distinct changes in the midzonal area of their cytoplas

Histopathological Study on Effects of Methotrexate (4-amino-Nlo-methyl pteroyl glutamic Acid) Administration in Rat Placentae

Methotrexate is an anticancerous drug used most commonly in trophoblastic disease especially in choriocarcinoma by its antifolic acid effects. But its effects on the normal placenta was not well known. To see the effects of methotrexate on the normal trophoblasts and its stroma following experiment was carried out with 135 Sprague'Dawley rats. Experimental group were divided by 45 rats of preterm placenta group and 90 rats of term placenta groups. Preterm placenta group was subdivided into fifteen small groups by its dosage (0.1 to 0.4mg MTX) and date of administration of methotrexate. Preterm placenta group was sacrificed at 8th, l Ith, and 15th day those were one day after methotrexate administration. Term placenta group was sacrificed at term (20th day) after methotrexate administration at 7th, 10th and 14th day with one third dosage of total amount in each day by oral intubation. Placentae were examined histopathologically and histochemically with alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, NADH diaphorase and succinic dehydrogenase stainings, Results obtained were as follows: 1. Wastage rates after methotrexate administration revealed that no wastage was seen in control rats but experimental groups showed 7.8% (group I, 0.15mg MTX) , 33.8% (n, 0.3mg MTX), 62.2% (ill, O. 6mg MTX), 88. 7%(N, 0.9mg MTX), 96.8% (V, 1. 2mg MTX), 94.4% (\1, 1. 5mg MTX), 94.0 % (W, 1. 8mg MTX) , 100% (IIII, 2. 1mg MTX) and 100% (lX, 2.4mg MTX). The wastage rates were increased as dosage of methotrexate was increased. 2. Histopathological study of pre term placenta group revealed that no specific changes in 8th day of gestation, mild and focal hemorrahge in 11th day placenta and focal fibrinoid necrosis in labyrinth and base were seen in the group N (0. 4mg MTX) accompanying mild cytolysis of glycogen cells. Alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase activities were slightly decreased but activities of acid phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase were not decreased. 3. Histophathological study of term placenta groups revealed mild congestion and fibrinoid necrosis and increased desposits of fibrinous materials in the basal zone in group I ~ ill (0. 15~0. 6mg MTX), increased hemorrhage and fibrinoid necrosis as well as resorbed placentae in groups N~W (0. 9mg~ 1. 8mg MTX) and all resorbed placentae were in group IIII~ lX (2. 1mg~2. 4mg MTX). Histochemically alkaline phosphatase activity was slightly increased in the labyrinth and basophilic cells of base. Acid phosphatase activity was increased in the basophilic cells of base. NADH diaphorase activity was slightly decreased in the labyrinth but succinic dehydrogenase activity was not decreased. 4. Therefore, with above features administration of methotrexate was related to the abortion and wastage rate of pregnancy and the first histological findings were seen in the labyrinth and basal zone showing decreased activities of alkaline phosphatase and NADH diaphorase with focal necrosis and hemorrhage followed by complete fibrinoid necrois and absorption of placenta