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    ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์Œ์•…๋Œ€ํ•™ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ์„œ์ •์€.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋…์ผ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅธํŠธ ์•Œ๋กœ์ด์Šค ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ(Bernd Alois Zimmermann, 1918-1970)์˜ ๋‘ ๋Œ€์˜ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹(Monologe, 1964)์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ธ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , โ€˜๊ณต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์„ ์  ํ๋ฆ„์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฐจ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Œ์•…์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ์ธ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•, ๊ตฌ์ฒด์Œ์•…, ์ „์ž์Œ์•…, ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Œ์•…์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์€ ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์˜ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์Œ์•…์–‘์‹์ด ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋œ 1960๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ž‘๊ณก๋œ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณผ ์Œ์•…์–ด๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด โ…ก์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ์ƒ์• ์™€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ , โ…ข์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์€ ์Œ๋ ฌ๊ณผ ํ…œํฌ์—ด์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณก๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”ํ, ๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ, ๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค, ๋“œ๋ท”์‹œ, ๋ฉ”์‹œ์•™, ์žฌ์ฆˆ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ฝœ๋ผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์ฃผ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ์Œํ–ฅ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Œ์•…์  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์•…์žฅ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๋„์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ์šฉ๊ณผ ํด๋ฆฌํ…œํฌโ‹…ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ธต์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์•…๊ณก์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ญํ–‰๊ณผ ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ…œํฌ, ๋ฐ•์ž, ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ, ๋งˆ๋””์„  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์Œ์•…์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ โ…ฃ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝ˜ํƒ€๋ฅด์Šคํ‚ค ๋“€์˜ค์™€ ๊ทธ๋ผ์šฐ&์Šˆ๋งˆํ—ˆ ๋“€์˜ค์˜ ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์—ฐ์ฃผ์Œ์›์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋น„๊ตโ‹…๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์ž์˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์–‘์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ…œํฌ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ…œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์„์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์  ์„น์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํด๋ฆฌํ…œํฌ์™€ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‘ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ํ˜น์€ ์„ฑ๋ถ€๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ธต์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์Œ์•…์  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์Œ์•…์  ์ „๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์—ญํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฐฝ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์Œํ–ฅ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ž…์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ใ€Š๋…๋ฐฑใ€‹์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค.This study discusses the interpretation of Bernd Alois Zimmermannโ€™s Monologe for two pianos(1964) from the performerโ€™s perspective based on an analytical survey of the work. Zimmermann described the concept of time as the โ€˜sphericity of time,โ€™ and saw time as being repeatable, reversible resulting in a unity of past, present, and future in human experience and consciousness. Zimmermann applied this philosophy of time into his approach to composition and presented a new musical style that incorporated various techniques such as total serialism, quotation, musique concrรจte, electronic music, and jazz in a single piece. Monologe is one of the works that reflects his unique compositional style and language by reflecting his philosophy of time. Therefore, this study explores Zimmermannโ€™s concept of time and musical style by analyzing Monologe. Then, it presents a performance interpretation based on this analysis. Chapter II examines Zimmermannโ€™s life, works, phases of musical styles as well as the concept of spherical time. Chapter III analyzes the major elements in the piece such as 12-tone technique, musical quotation, symmetry and presents briefly a structural overview of each movement. Furthermore, this chapter focuses on the temporal aspects of Monologe. Section 1 analyzes the multilayered temporality found in quotation, polytempo, and polymeter. Section 2 analyzes the reversible temporality formed through the retrograde and symmetry in the piece. Section 3 examines indeterminate temporality in which the elements such as tempo, meter, rhythm, and bars are not defined. Based on the analysis, Chapter IV discusses the various possible interpretations for performances by analyzing two recordings of Monologe, each played by Kontarsky Piano duo and Grau&Schumacher Piano Duo and proposes the authorโ€™s own interpretation as a performer. Section 1 analyzes the tempo of the two recordings for the sections where tempo changes frequently and compares the interpretation of the performances. Section 2 focuses on the indefinite temporality which provides the performer with temporal freedom. Section 3 analyzes elements of multilayered textures like polytempo and polymeter between two pianos or voices. Section 4 examines how to express the acoustic effects created by the symmetrical structure formed by retrograde. This thesis will hopefully serve as a stepping stone for subsequent research on Zimmermann and his works and be of help to the performers of Monologe.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 โ…ก. ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์˜ ์Œ์•…์„ธ๊ณ„ 6 1. ์ƒ์•  6 2. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 8 3. ์น˜๋จธ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ด€ : '๊ณต ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„' 13 โ…ข. ๋…๋ฐฑ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 19 1. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 19 2. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์ „๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ 23 2.1. ์Œ๋ ฌ 23 2.2. ํ…œํฌ์—ด 29 2.3. ์ธ์šฉ 31 2.4. ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ 37 2.5. ์Œํ–ฅ์  ์žฅ์น˜ 40 3. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ด„์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ„์„ 53 4. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ 68 4.1. ๋‹ค์ธต์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ 69 4.1.1. ์ธ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ 69 4.1.2. ํด๋ฆฌํ…œํฌ์™€ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ค‘์ฒฉ 91 4.2. ๊ฐ€์—ญ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ 98 4.2.1. ์Œ๋ ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์นญ์  ์šด์šฉ 99 4.2.2. ํ…œํฌ์—ด์˜ ์—ญํ–‰์  ์šด์šฉ 102 4.2.3. ์Œ๊ณ ์ง„ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ 104 4.3. ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ 108 โ…ฃ. ๋…๋ฐฑ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 112 1. ํ…œํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” 118 1.1. ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋ถ„ํ• ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ…œํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” 118 1.2. ๊ธฐ์ค€๋ฐ• ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ…œํฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” 126 1.3. ์ž์—ฐ์  ๊ฐ€์†์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 133 2. ๋ถˆํ™•์ •์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ 140 2.1. 1์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ A 140 2.2. 2์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ B 148 2.3. 3์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ C 154 3. ํด๋ฆฌํ…œํฌ์™€ ํด๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ 159 3.1. 1์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ C 159 3.2. 2์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ C 166 3.3. 3์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ E 171 4. ๋Œ€์นญ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ž…์ฒด์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 178 4.1. 2์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ E 178 4.2. 3์•…์žฅ ์„น์…˜ D 183 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  188 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 192 Abstract 198๋ฐ•

    ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์ขŒ์‹ ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„์ง€์งˆ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ: ํ•œ๊ตญ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ์„ฑ์ฃผํ—Œ.Precedent researches show that physical activity has huge effects on energy expenditure and this would be related to level of cholesterol, triglyceride and body fat. Physical activity also exert influence on cardiovascular conditions like heart rate or blood pressure. In this research, the effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on metabolic factors like cholesterol, triglyceride, body fat and heart rate are analyzed. Additionally, effect of gender and intensity of physical activity are analyzed. Through twin study, the research shows the effect of gene and environment too. The amount of physical activity and sedentary time was measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and converted to MET scores (MET-minute/week). Multiple regression analysis reveals that physical activity might increase the level of HDL (P=0.002) and decrease the level of triglyceride (P=0.016) and heart rate (P=0.013). Also the sedentary behavior increases triglyceride (P=0.001), fasting blood sugar (P=0.035) and fasting insulin (P=0.002), independent of exercise intensity. Through the research, Physical activity would increase level of HDL, fasting blood sugar and muscle mass. Furthermore, triglyceride level, heart rate and fat from arms and legs would reduce if people do more exercise. However, other metabolic factors like LDL, insulin and BMI might be affected by other factors like eating habits, smoking and drinking alcohol. Adjusting these factors would increase reliability of the research. Comparing the male and female group, physical activity has more influence on metabolic factors in males. Direction of evolution might affect these results in male. Moderate physical activities might reduce the fat from arms and legs, and increase HDL level. However, intense exercise would be needed to improve the cardiovascular system and reduce the circumference of the belly. The twin study shows HDL level is more affected by physical activity than gene effects. However, we couldnt tell gene and environmental effect about other metabolic factors through this research. Other methods to adjust environmental factors or direct gene research like GWAS would be needed to improve the research.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™(physical activity)์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ขŒ์‹์ƒํ™œ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šด๋™์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ๋ชธ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์ด ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ขŒ์‹์ƒํ™œ์ด ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ขŒ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” MET-minute/week์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (P=0.002) ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ๊ณผ (P=0.016) ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ (P=0.013) ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ขŒ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  (P=0.001) ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ณผ (P=0.035) ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ์˜ ์–‘์„ (P=0.002) ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‚จ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์—์„œ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ x์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋†“๊ณ , ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ y์ถ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๊ณ  ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ผ๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒ”์—์„œ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šด๋™์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์šด๋™๊ณผ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋” ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทผ์œก๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์šด๋™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์œ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ธก๋œ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์‹์ƒํ™œ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ, ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์–‘์—์„œ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฒด์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์šด๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฉ๋ ฌํ•œ ์šด๋™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ์ „์ž์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€์งˆ, ํŒ”์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด์ง„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ž€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด๋ž€์„ฑ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฃผ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์šด๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์‹์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™์„ ์ œํ•œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋ก€์กฐ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Methods 4 Research Subjects 4 Research Tools 5 Physical Activity with IPAQ 5 Metabolic Factors and other Clinical Factors 10 Methods of Analysis 10 Regression analysis between physical activity and metabolic factors 11 Regression analysis between metabolic factors and level of physical activity 11 Effects of gene and environment 11 โ…ข. Results 12 Characteristics of physical activity research groups 12 Total physical activity has effects on some metabolic factors 16 Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activities have different effects on metabolic factors 21 HDL level is more influenced by environment than gene 21 โ…ฃ. Discussions 24 โ…ค. References 25Maste
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