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    The Current Situation and Future Prospects of North Koreaโ€™s Internet Development under Kim Jong-un

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021.8. ๋ฐ•ํƒœ๊ท .๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ณก์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ง๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ๊ฒŒ์† ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌํ†ต์‹ ๋ง์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํŠธ๋‚˜๋„ท ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ๋ถํ•œ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹  ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์„ ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฒด์ œ์•ˆ์ •๊ณผ ํ†ต์น˜์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ†ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์˜ โ€˜์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‹œ๋Œ€โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์—ญ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์—ฐํ˜๊ณผ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์€ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ์ผํ›„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์‹  ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ฐฉ์œ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ์™”๋‹ค. ๊น€์ •์€์€ ๊น€์ •์ผ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฒŒ์Šน๋˜์–ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฐ€์ˆ ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ธ๋ฏผ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ œ๊ณ ์— ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ์€ SNS๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์™ธ์„ ์ „์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์ธ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ œ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ๋„ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ 1990๋…„๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋‹น์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฐ„ โ€˜๊ฐ•์—ฐ๊ฒฐโ€™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ๋ฐ˜ํฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•˜์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์™”์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” โ€˜์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ตญ๊ฐ€โ€™๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ผํ›„ ๋น„ํ•ตํ™”๋‚˜ ์ •์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค, ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์— ์–‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ผํ›„๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค ๋ณ‘์ง„๋˜์–ด ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ€ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผํ›„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด๋„ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.The development of the Internet in North Korea has gone through a tortuous and delicate process. In fact, North Korea has been building networks since the early 1990s and has continued to promote network technology since then. However, in the development of the Internet in North Korea, it is worth noting the parallel structure of "internal networks" for communication between networks and "international networks" for external communication, with the main domestic state institution as the center, and the construction of a proximity communication network. At the same time, the North Korean authorities have been exercising strong control over the Internet because it is considered a sector necessary for economic development and political propaganda, but it poses a threat to institutional stability and ruling power. That is, North Korea has simultaneously implemented a strategy of controlling and utilizing the Internet. This thesis aims to understand the history and current status of North Korea's Internet development in the context of the irreversibility of Internet development in the "Internet era" of globalization, and to examine the reasons why North Korea has not opened up its Internet and the possibility of opening it up in the future. Since Kim Jong-il's regime, North Korea has been focusing on the Internet and other information and communication industries, and has developed them in a comprehensive manner. Kim Jong-un inherited the science and technology development policy from the Kim Jong-il era, and the deep development of science and technology, led by network technology, has worked for economic growth and improvement of people's living standards. Especially in the context of globalization, Kim Jong-un's regime has used SNS for foreign propaganda and non-traditional military means of cyber attacks, as well as promoting e-commerce for the improvement of people's living standards and economic development. China, like North Korea, began to develop its network in the 1990s, but developed a policy of emphasizing the development of online technologies. Unlike North Korea, however, China has been connected to the international Internet from the beginning and is now a "strongly connected" society among its citizens. It has also enacted a series of laws on the Internet, which has allowed the Internet to develop under strict control, and is now a "developed Internet country. In the future, if North Korea achieves denuclearization or officially implements reform and opening up, there will be many differences with China's Internet development model. Therefore, it is still difficult to predict the future development of the Internet in North Korea. Only if North Korea advances simultaneously in all fields and builds a solid economic, social, and political foundation will it be possible to change this dual Internet model. If North Korea continues to adopt this defensive cyber development strategy, it will be hit harder even if it wants to open up in the future.1์„œ๋ก  3 1.1 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  . 4 1.2 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ . 6 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ . 11 2 ๊น€์ •์ผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํƒœ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ 14 2.1 ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์—ญ์„ฑ 14 2.2 ๊น€์ •์ผ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํƒœ๋™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ . 16 ๊ฐ€. ๋น„๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ธก๋ฉด: ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต . 16 ๋‚˜. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง ์ธํŠธ๋ผ๋„ท๊ณผ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ . 19 ๋‹ค. ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ์ธ์ฆ . 21 3 ๊น€์ •์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฐ์—… ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋™ํ–ฅ . 24 3.1 ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต(๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์‹œ ๋ฐ ์ง€์‹๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…). 24 3.2 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ด๋™ํ†ต์‹ ๋ง ๊ตฌ์ถ• (๊ณ ๋ ค๋งํฌ, ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋„คํŠธ, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ) 27 3.3 ๊น€์ •์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋ถํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง„์ „ . 29 ๊ฐ€. SNS ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ์„ ์ „ 29 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ œ๊ณ  38 ๋‹ค. ์ „์ž์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ ํ™•๋Œ€ . 47 4 ์ค‘๊ตญ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ . 54 4.1 ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ฐœ์ „ ์—ฐํ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์ œ. 55 4.2 ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ง 65 5 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  71 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ. 74์„
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