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    The Implications of WTO Panel's Decision on the Application of the SPS Agreement to GMOs

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    EC-Biotech ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ํŒจ๋„์€ GMOs๋ฅผ SPS ํ˜‘์ •์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์ฆ‰ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ด‘์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ WTO ํŒจ๋„์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, WTO๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์—ฌํƒ€ GMOs์™€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ œํ’ˆ๋„ SPS ํ˜‘์ •์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์†๋„์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์ •๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด WTO ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ž๊ฐ„ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ˜‘์•ฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ SPS ํ˜‘์ •์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์›์น™์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฌด์—ญ์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ตญ์ œํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฒ•์ฒด์ œ์™€ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, WTO๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ง๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ GMOs์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ด€๋ จ SPS ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” WTO ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด MEAs์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ง€์ง€์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” WTO ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ƒ GMOs ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ด€๋ จ SPS ์กฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณผํ•™์  ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ WTO์˜ ์˜๋„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, GMOs์˜ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜‘์ • ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ SPS ํ˜‘์ •์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ํ˜‘์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„  ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋™ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ํŒจ๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ WTO๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ค๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ž…๊ตญ์˜ GMOs ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ทœ์ œ์กฐ์น˜์— ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. This paper analyzes WTO Panel's decision on the application of the SPS Agreement to biotech products. The Panel's decision has three implications for trade policies on GMOs in the future. First, the Panel, based on the definition of dictionary, FAO, Codex, IPPC, ISPM, concluded that GMOs could be considered as risk factors within the meaning of SPS Agreement. Based on the Panel's approach and conclusion, other GMOs as well as fusion products derived from NT, BT or IT can be considered as risk factors within the meaning of SPS Agreement. The Panel's approach showed that the WTO would lack much consideration of enactment or amendment of rules harmonized with innovative products development in the future. Second, the Panel admitted that other damage could include any damage in terms of economic value, property or biodiversity. It is likely that the WTO would admit the members' right to adopt the SPS measures by taking into account various socio-economic factors related to GMOs in the future. That, however, is different from whether each WTO member's SPS measures on GMOs can be in accordance with the rules of SPS Agreement. Finally, the Panel recognized regulations of GMOs could be considered as measure included in the SPS Agreement. The Panel's decision will act as the limitation in justification of the members' trade policies on GMOs taking into account its socio-economic factors in the future
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