14 research outputs found

    Understanding Teaching Action Utilizing Digital Textbook in Social Studies Instruction - A Qualitative case study on 6th-grade social studies instruction at 'G' elementary school -

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό μΌλ°˜μ‚¬νšŒ 전곡, 2012. 8. μ‘°μ˜λ‹¬.디지털 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€κ°€ λ°œμ „ν•˜κ³  μ •λ³΄μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ κ³ λ„ν™”λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Όλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ κ΅μœ‘κ³„μ—μ„œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš©μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황 μ—μ„œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할이 μ–΄λ– ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 아직 λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€. 정보 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμ  자질이 정보λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 합리적 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ 자기 주도적 ν•™μŠ΅λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” ν•œ 지식 μ „μˆ˜μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 기쑴의 ꡐ사 역할은 μΆ•μ†Œλ  μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ 자기 주도적 ν•™μŠ΅μ„ ꡬ체적으둜 μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ λ…Έλ ¨ν•˜κ³  μ •κ΅ν•œ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μš”κ΅¬λœλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œλŠ” 였히렀 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할이 μ¦λŒ€λ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€. 이와 같이 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μœ‘μ— ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ꡐ사 μ—­ν•  변화에 κ΄€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ„ λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚€μ§€λ§Œ, μ •μž‘ ꡐ윑의 핡심 주체인 ꡐ사가 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ νŒλ‹¨κ³Ό 결정을 내리고 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ“œλ¬Όλ‹€. 졜근 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ 성곡적 톡합을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ꡐ사 변인에 μ£Όλͺ©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ£Όμž₯이 제기되고 있긴 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이듀 연ꡬ λ˜ν•œ ꡐ사가 μ‹€μ œ μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ–€ ꡐ윑적 결정을 내리고 이λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ©΄λ°€νžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 디지털 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ κ΄€λ ¨ 맀체의 λ“±μž₯ 이후 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할이 μ–΄λ–€ 의미λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ”μ§€ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ„ λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„€μ •λœ μ£Ό μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€?이며 ν•˜μœ„ μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ  μΈ‘λ©΄, 즉 ꡐ수적 ν˜•μ‹(instructional forms)은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€? λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ  츑면은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”κ°€? 즉 μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄μš©(content)이 μ„ μ •λ˜κ³  μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ œμ‹œλ˜λŠ”κ°€? μ…‹μ§Έ, ν˜•μ‹μ  μΈ‘λ©΄κ³Ό λ‚΄μš©μ  μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό 톡해 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이해될 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€? μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2010λ…„ 10μ›”λΆ€ν„° 2011λ…„ 10μ›”κΉŒμ§€ 1λ…„κ°„ Gμ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 6ν•™λ…„ μ‚¬νšŒ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ―Έμ‹œλ¬Έν™”κΈ°μˆ μ§€(microethnography)λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ 질적 사둀연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ―Έμ‹œλ¬Έν™”κΈ°μˆ μ§€μ  κ΅μ‹€μˆ˜μ—… μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ꡐ사-학생 κ°„ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© μ–‘μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ—… 쑰직, λŒ€ν™”λ°°λΆ„ 절차, μ‚¬νšŒμ  참여ꡬ쑰 등을 λ°ν˜”λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ  츑면을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이듀을 μ°Έκ³ ν•˜μ—¬ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 뢄석틀을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•™μŠ΅μ„ μ˜λ„ν•œ ꡐ사-학생 κ°„ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© μ†μ—μ„œ ꡐ사가 μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” 행동이 κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ  츑면을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œμ˜ λ³€ν™˜κ³Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ μœ ν˜•μ„ λΆ„μ„ν‹€λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ¨Όμ € κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ  츑면을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, ꡐ수 μ „λž΅ ν–‰μœ„(λ§₯락화 λ‹¨μ„œμ™€ λŒ€ν™”λ°°λΆ„ 절차)μ—μ„œ 보면 μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§ˆμ„œμœ μ§€ μ „λž΅μ΄ κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚¬λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ ν™œμš©μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ—… λ°©ν•΄μš”μΈμ„ μ œκ±°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μ΄λ‹€. κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” 특히 νƒœλΈ”λ¦ΏPC ν†΅μ œμ— κ΄€λ ¨λœ 언어적, 곡간적 λ§₯락화 λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§₯락화 λ‹¨μ„œ μ‚¬μš©μ— 따라 학생 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬κ΅¬μ‘°μ—μ„œ ꡐ사 μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬κ΅¬μ‘°λ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ·Έ μ—­μœΌλ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μ›ν™œν•œ μˆ˜μ—… 진행을 μœ„ν•΄ ꡐ사-학생 κ°„ λŒ€ν™”μ˜ 리듬타기가 νŠΉμ§•μ μΈ μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ •ν˜•ν™”λœ λŒ€ν™”λ°°λΆ„ 절차λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, ꡐ수 μ „λž΅ ν–‰μœ„(λ§₯락화 λ‹¨μ„œμ™€ λŒ€ν™”λ°°λΆ„ 절차)λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 총 7개의 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€-기반 μ‚¬νšŒμ  참여ꡬ쑰(technology-based social participation structure)λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ΅μ‚¬μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ 참여ꡬ쑰와 ν•™μƒμ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬κ΅¬μ‘°μ˜ μΆœν˜„ 비쀑이 μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ κ΅μ‹€μˆ˜μ—…μ— λΉ„ν•΄ ν•™μƒμ˜ 참여도가 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ  츑면을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째, ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œ λ³€ν™˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ κ΅κ³Όμ„œ 본문의 κΈ€λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ„ ν•¨μΆ•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹΄κ³  μžˆμœΌλ©΄μ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚¬ λ§Œν•œ μ‚½ν™”λ‚˜ λ©€ν‹°λ―Έλ””μ–΄ 자료 μœ„μ£Όλ‘œ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œκ°€ μ„ μ •λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ΄ˆλ“± μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•œ 해석, 그리고 ν•™μƒμ˜ μˆ˜μ—…μ°Έμ—¬λ„λ₯Ό 높이기 μœ„ν•œ κ³Όμ—…(academic task) 및 ν™œλ™(activity)의 ν•„μš”μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인식 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 이와 같이 μ„ μ •λœ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œλŠ” ꡐ사가 μ£Όλ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•™μƒμ˜ ν™œλ™μ΄ μ„ ν–‰λœ ν›„ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 정리가 λ’€λ”°λΌκ°€λŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ ν™œλ™-정리 μ…‹νŠΈλΌλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™μ˜ μœ ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „μ²΄ν•™μŠ΅+ν€΄μ¦ˆγ†λ°œν‘œ, κ°œλ³„γ†μ‘°λ³„ν•™μŠ΅+κ²€μƒ‰γ†κΈ€μ“°κΈ°λΌλŠ” 2가지 ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ μ…‹νŠΈμ˜ 비쀑이 전체 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ 절반 이상을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” ν•™μƒμ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œλ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ„ μ • 기쀀이 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ‹€ν˜„λ˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것이라 ν•˜κ² λ‹€. 이와 같은 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 이해할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ‘œ 인해 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν•΄μš”μΈμ„ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜λ €λŠ” μ§ˆμ„œμœ μ§€ μ „λž΅μ΄ λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ„œμ±…ν˜• κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 학생 행동에 λŒ€ν•œ ν†΅μ œκ°€ λ”μš± κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ ν™œμš©μ΄ κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν•™μŠ΅ κ°€λŠ₯성에도 μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ—¬ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ°œλ³„ ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™μ„ λ…λ €ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ „κ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” ν•œ μ°¨μ‹œμ˜ ν•™μŠ΅λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λͺ…μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œλ“€μ„ λ…Όλ¦¬μ •μ—°ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ„ ν˜•μ  μˆ˜μ—… μ „κ°œ λ°©μ‹λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œλ“€μ„ 학생 ν™œλ™ μœ„μ£Όλ‘œ μž¬νŽΈμ„±ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό ν•™μƒμ˜ ν₯λ―Έγ†μš”κ΅¬μ— λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” λΉ„μ„ ν˜•μ  μˆ˜μ—… μ „κ°œ 방식을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 학생 ν™œλ™ μ€‘μ‹¬μ˜ λΉ„μˆœμ°¨μ  μˆ˜μ—… μ§„ν–‰μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ „λ‹¬μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•™μŠ΅ μ΄‰μ§„μžλ‘œμ„œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡐ사 μ—­ν• μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ μ£Όλ„κΆŒμ΄ ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ μ–‘λ„λ˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμœΌλ©° κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œ μ„ μ •κ³Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ 쑰직에 μžˆμ–΄ 주도적 κΆŒν•œμ„ 가지고 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš© 방식을 λŠ₯λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 주도적 μž…μž₯을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ 관리적 λ°©λͺ©μ΄λΌκ³  λͺ…λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ„œμ±…ν˜• κ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 기쑴의 μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μˆ˜μ‹€ν–‰κ³Ό 비ꡐ해볼 λ•Œ, 관리적 λ°©λͺ©μ΄λž€ ꡐ사가 ꡐ싀 μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό ν™•λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜μ—… ν†΅μ œ μ „λž΅μ„ λ”μš± μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν•œνŽΈ, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜κ³  ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš©μ„ ꡐ싀 λ°–κΉŒμ§€ ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚€λŠ” κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•¨μ— 따라 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ—… λ°©ν•΄μš”μΈμ„ κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„λŠ” λ”μš± μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ ν™œμš©μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ—¬ 자기-주도적 ν•™μŠ΅μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 살리기 μœ„ν•΄ 학생 ν™œλ™μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•œλ‹€. 이처럼 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€κ°€ λ„μž…λœ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” κ΅μˆ˜γ†ν•™μŠ΅ 과정에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμœ¨μ„±κ³Ό κ²°μ •κΆŒμ„ 가지고 있으며, λ”°λΌμ„œ ꡐ과ꡐ윑 μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 주도적 μž…μž₯을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” 외뢀적 μš”μΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš©μ— μ§λ©΄ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ, μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λŠ₯동적 ν˜Ήμ€ 자기-주도적 ν•™μŠ΅μ΄ 잘 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 이λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•  것인가에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ―Όν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ— λ°˜μ˜ν–ˆλ‹€. 즉 관리적 λ°©λͺ©μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λŠ₯λ™μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ μ£Όλ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λŒμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€κ°€ ν†΅ν•©λœ ꡐ과 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ 적극적인 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할이 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ꡐ윑적으둜 의미 μžˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성을 보여쀀닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œμ˜ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  및 정체성에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸμ—μ„œ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ— 맀λͺ°λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό ꡐ사상을 μ •λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ° 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€κ°€ ν†΅ν•©λœ κ΅μˆ˜γ†ν•™μŠ΅ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 주도적 역할을 λ°ν˜”μœΌλ©°, λŠ₯λ™μ γ†μžμœ¨μ  결정을 내릴 수 μžˆλŠ” ꡐ윑 μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 정체성을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 전문성이 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš© μ „λ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ ꡐ싀관리에 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€, ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš©, κ΅μˆ˜λ²•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 볡합적이고 총체적인 κ²°μ •κΆŒμ— μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 이제 ꡐ사 μ—­ν• μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± λ…ΌμŸμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ꡐ사가 주체적 결정을 내릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 쑴재라면 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  λ…ΌμŸμ€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ λΆˆν•„μš”μ„± λ¬Έμ œμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ 미래 κ΅μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 정체성ㆍ전문성이 ꡬ체적으둜 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 섀정될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 문제둜 λ„˜μ–΄κ°€μ•Όν•  것이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 디지털 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 정체성ㆍ전문성 μ„€μ • λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ μž₯을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜κ² λ‹€.With the development of digital technology, the utilization of technology has been increased in the field of education. Nevertheless, it is unclear what teachers role should be with this change. Current role of teacher as a transmitter of knowledge can not help being reduced as long as citizenship in information society means rational decision-making skills or self-directed learning ability with information. However, the role of teacher can be emphasized more than ever in that we require an elaborate teaching action for the self-directed learning. Thus, the introduction of technology into social studies classes causes a debate about the change of teachers role. Nevertheless, it is rare for studies to inquire how teachers make decisions on the use of technology. Recently there have been claims that teacher variable is worth noting, but these studies do not examine thoroughly what educational decisions are made by teachers on the integration of technology with classroom activities. Therefore, this research attempts to investigate teacher action with digital textbook in the social studies classes to understand what teachers role should be after the emergence of educational media related to digital technology Main research question for this purpose is that How does the teachers teaching action appear in the social studies with digital textbook? In this context, specific questions were suggested as follows. First, how do the formal aspects of teaching action (i.e. instructional forms) appear? Second, how do the content aspects of teaching action appear? In other words, how is the subject matter taught? Third, how is the teachers role understood through teachers teaching action shown in the formal/ content aspects? To answer these questions, the current research conducts qualitative case study, adopting microethnography, on 6th-grade social studies class at G elementary school. In a microethnography of classroom lessons, structure of a lesson, turn-taking allocation machinery, and social participation structure(SPS) were found as a pattern of interaction between a teacher and students. Considering these findings, the present research prepared suitable analytical lens to figure out instructional forms. Besides, to analyze the contents taught by a teacher, this research used analytical lens such as the transformation of learning topic and the types of learning activities. As a result of this analysis, followings have appeared as key findings. First, order-maintaining strategy through contextualization cues and turn allocation machinery was prominent. This strategy was adopted so as to overcome the disturbing factors arose from digital textbook. The teacher frequently used spatial contextualization cues as well as verbal contextualization cues related to Tablet PC control. Depending on teachers use of contextualization cues, participation structure kept changed between student-centered and teacher-centered. Also, for the seamless flow of class, the teacher used highly formal turn-allocation machinery. Based on contextualization cues and turn-allocation machinery, 7 types of technology-based social participation structure(T-SPS) were identified. Second, in terms of transformation of learning topic which is one of the content aspects of teaching action, the teacher chose learning topic based on illustrations or multimedia materials instead of text. This results from the teachers necessity to add academic tasks to promote students participation or activities with digital textbook, as well as the teachers interpretation of social studies curriculum and his view of education. Next, learning topics were presented in the way of student activity-teacher summary sets. Under this way, students activities preceeded the teachers explanation, and teacher-centered way of presentation was hard to find. Based on these results of the analysis, this research interprets teaching action utilizing digital textbook in the social studies classes as follows. The teacher recognized the need for a change in teaching method with the emergence of digital textbook. The order-maintaining strategy of instructional forms stood out to overcome the disturbing factors to instruction arose from digital textbook, compared to the traditional classroom lesson. Besides, the teacher developed the lesson emphasizing students learning activities due to new chance brought by digital textbook. Therefore, nonlinear development among various subject matters was shown more often than linear development to accomplish learning goals. When the teacher led the lesson nonsequentially with students-centered activities, he played a role of learning facilitator, not a knowledge transmitter. However, this change in the teachers role does not mean that the initiative is transferred from the teacher to students, and the teacher actively interprets and decides the selection of contents and the organization of learning activities with the authority. The current study refers to the idea of teachers leading role as "managerial grazier(shepherd)". Compared to the existing instruction using traditional textbook, "managerial grazing" means teaching action that students activities are strengthened and the contents are expanded out of classroom, while teaching actions for maintaining-order is tightened. However, even when students learning activities is strengthened, the initiative of class is on the teachers hand. This is because the teacher actively interprets potentiality of digital textbook for learning and strengthens students activities to promote participation in the social studies class for realizing the potential. As seen above, in the social studies class with new technology, the teacher still has a power to decide the process of instruction, so the leading role of teachers is still valid. So far, studies have implied passive role of teachers and have described teachers as rejecting the utilization of new technology with conservative attitude. However, the teacher confronted by a sudden introduction of new technology in this study practiced teaching action reflecting his consideration for the students self-directed learning. The teacher as a "managerial grazier(shepherd)" did not accept technology passively but appreciated the potentiality of a given technology and actively led the instruction. This study can have contribution to the discussion on teachers role or identity in the class full of technology. Further this study may play an important role in establishing an exemplary teacher model not being overwhelmed by technology. In this study, teachers identity as a key agent of educational activity, who can decide actively and spontaneously, is confirmed by finding out the leading role of teacher in the technology-integrated class. From this, it can be said that teacher professionalism does not exist in the management and transmission of subject matters merely, but in the complex and holistic decision on technology, content, and pedagogy. Therefore, now it is time to get away from the dispute over the need for teachers role. If a teacher is active decision-maker in the use of technology, the debate over teachers role should be about how teachers identity and professionalism will be set in the future class. The present research, from this point of view, has significant implication that it provides a place for discussion to establish teachers identity and professionalism required in the information society.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 및 λͺ©μ  1 2. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 6 3. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ£Όμš” κ°œλ… 8 (1) κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„(teaching action)와 ꡐ수적 ν˜•μ‹(instructional forms) 8 (2) ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€(technology) 9 (3) λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ(digital textbook) 11 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 의의 및 ν•œκ³„ 13 β…‘. 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 17 1. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‹€μˆ˜μ—…κ³Ό ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ 18 (1) ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ™€ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  변화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸ 18 (2) μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 인식과 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€ ν™œμš©μ˜ μƒν˜Έκ΄€κ³„ 22 2. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό κ΅μ‹€μˆ˜μ—…κ³Ό κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„ 연ꡬ 28 (1) κ΅μ‹€μˆ˜μ—…, ꡐ수, κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ 의미 28 (2) κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ 뢄석을 μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬ 30 β…’. 연ꡬ섀계 43 1. 연ꡬ λ°©λ²•μ˜ νŠΉμ§• 43 (1) 질적 사둀연ꡬ 43 (2) λ―Έμ‹œλ¬Έν™”κΈ°μˆ μ§€(microethnography) 46 2. μˆ˜μ—… κ΄€μ°° 및 λΆ„μ„μ˜ ν‹€ 48 (1) κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ  츑면에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석틀 49 (2) κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ  츑면에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석틀 52 3. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒ 53 (1) λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ 연ꡬ학ꡐ: Gμ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 54 (2) λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œ 연ꡬ학급 55 (3) 연ꡬ μ°Έμ—¬ ꡐ사와 학생 56 (4) κ΅μˆ˜ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš© 58 4. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 절차 61 β…£. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석과 이해 67 1. ꡐ수적 ν˜•μ‹ 67 (1) 전체 μˆ˜μ—…μ˜ μ‹œκ°„μ  흐름 67 (2) ꡐ수 μ „λž΅ ν–‰μœ„ 73 (3) ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€-기반 μ‚¬νšŒμ  참여ꡬ쑰 86 2. ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œ λ³€ν™˜κ³Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ μœ ν˜• 92 (1) ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œ λ³€ν™˜ 92 (2) ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ μœ ν˜• 101 β…€. μ‚¬νšŒκ³Ό μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ λ””μ§€ν„Έκ΅κ³Όμ„œλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 해석 105 1. κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μš”κ΅¬μ™€ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 인식 λ³€ν™” 105 2. κ΅μˆ˜ν–‰μœ„ λ³€ν™” 107 (1) ꡐ수적 ν˜•μ‹ 107 (2) ν•™μŠ΅μ£Όμ œ λ³€ν™˜κ³Ό ν•™μŠ΅ν™œλ™ μœ ν˜• 112 3. κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν•  λ³€ν™”: 관리적 λ°©λͺ©μžλ‘œμ„œμ˜ ꡐ사 114 β…₯. μš”μ•½ 및 ν•¨μ˜ 120 1. μš”μ•½ 120 2. ν•¨μ˜ 123 (1) 이둠적 차원 123 (2) μ‹€μ²œμ  차원 129 (3) κ²°μ–Έ 133 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 137 뢀둝 151 Abstract 153Docto

    Webμƒμ˜ 경제 κ΅μœ‘μ„ ν†΅ν•œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 경제 지식 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ 사둀연ꡬ : 예λŠ₯계 μ€‘ν•™κ΅μ˜ κ³„λ°œν™œλ™(CA)을 맀개둜 ν•˜λŠ” β—‹β—‹κ²½μ œ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ‚¬νšŒκ΅μœ‘κ³Ό μΌλ°˜μ‚¬νšŒμ „κ³΅,2006.Maste
    corecore