6 research outputs found
Cerebrospinal fluid type I interferon and cytokine profiles in enteroviral meningitis according to the presence or absence of pleocytosis
No full textBackground: Enteroviral meningitis is typically diagnosed as the presence of pleocytosis and of viral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid. However, it was recently reported that more than 50% of infants with enteroviral meningitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction had no cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. This study investigated type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid based on the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in children with enteroviral meningitis.
Methods: We included 51 enteroviral meningitis patients showing cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (pleocytosis group), 31 enteroviral meningitis patients without cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis (non-pleocytosis group), and 52 controls (control group) and compared cerebrospinal fluid interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL-10), IFN-alpha, and IFN-beta levels.
Results: A significant difference was observed in IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-10 levels across the three groups, with highest values in the pleocytosis patients, followed by those in the non-pleocytosis and control subjects. IFN-a level was higher in the pleocytosis group than in the non-pleocytosis and control groups. Meanwhile, the IFN-b level was higher in the pleocytosis and non-pleocytosis groups than in the control group (34.54 [31.23-38.59] pg/mL vs. 33.21 [31.23-35.21] pg/mL vs. 0.00 [0.00-0.00] pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). Furthermore, cerebrospinal fluid IFN-beta was detected in all patients with enteroviral meningitis, except one (98.8%) regardless of pleocytosis, whereas it was detected in only two (3.8%) control subjects (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles remarkably differed based on the presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Further investigations are required to determine whether cerebrospinal fluid IFN-beta could be used as a surrogate marker of viral meningitis instead of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Copyright (C) 2021, Taiwan Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC
Efficient Synthesis of Thienopyridinone Derivatives
No full textSulphur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles are known to have a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities. For these reasons, thieno-pyridinone has been recognized as a important chemical scaffold.In our research program, we found an efficient process for the formation of thienopyridinone and derivaties. This method features using BOP and DIEA as amide coupling reagent. Then it was used for the O-methylation and O-arylation reaction. The synthesis of thienopyridinone is described in this presentation. (1) Amide coupling reaction and cyclization reaction of thiophene. (2) Aromatization reaction of thienopyridinone. (3) O-methylation and O-arylation reaction of thienopyridinone.am, we found an efficient process for the formation of thienopyridinone and derivaties. This method features using BOP and DIEA as amide coupling reagent. Then it was used for the O-methylation and O-arylation reaction. The synthesis of thienopyridinone is described in this presentation. (1) Amide coupling reaction and cyclization reaction of thiophene. (2) Aromatization reaction of thienopyridinone. (3) O-methylation and O-arylation reaction of thienopyridinone.2
