식도암에서 vascular endothelial growth factor-C 발현의 임상병리학적 의의

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 내과학 전공,2003.Maste

RISA Clearance and Water Shift in Skin Inflammatory Region Induced by Histamine Injection

Movements of RISA across capillary membrane after intradermal injection of histamine were studied in anesthetized rabbits. Intravenous injection of 2 ml saline solution containing 30-100 μC of RISA and 1 % Evans blue dye was given to the animal. The dye served as a guide in delineating the area of inflammatory tissues. In order to ensure uniform distribution of the injected materials, 10 minutes were allowed to elapse before saline and logarithmic doses of histamine dihydrochloride in a volume of 0.05 ml were injected intradermally. A total of 7 sites were injected on the abdominal skin of each animal. Ten minutes after the intradermal injections, animal was killed , the skin sites were excised and blood samples were taken by cardiac punctures. From the tissue and blood samples , radioactivities of RISA, concentration of sodium and tissue water content were analyzed. Calculations were made on contents of tissue water, Na space as a size of extracellular fluid space, size of intracellular fluid and local clearances of RISA. The following results were obtained. 1. Tissue water content of skin increased as the injected dose of histamine increased. The dose-response -curve showed a S-shaped curve. Tissue water content at the control skin site was 67.8±2. 3%. At 10- 3μg histamine injected skin site the tissue water content was only slightly greater than that of the control. As the injected dose of histamine increased up to a dose of 101μg， skin tissue water content increased steeply_ Thereafter skin tissue water content maintained a maximum plateau value of 76.0±2. 9% at a dose of 102 μg histamine. 2. Histamine dose-response curves of extracellular and intracellular fluid were similar to the tissue water change showing a typical sigmoid curve. The size of extracellular fluid volume determined as Na-space shoo wed 41.5±1.0% in the control site and increased to the maximum plateau value of 44.8±1. 9 % at the dose of 102μ g histamine. The size of intracellular fluid volume determined by difference between total tissue water and Na-space was averaged of 26.3 %in the control site and increased to the maximum plateau value of 31. 2 % in the site injected 102μ g of hista· mme. 3. The RISA clearance was averaged O. 036±0. 005 cc/gm at the control site which value represents the plasma volume of normal skin. Clearances in the inflammatory sites induced by graded dose of histamine increased with the same fashion as in the change in tissue water. Thus, a modest increase at a dose of 10-3 μg histamine, steep increase at the doses of 10-2-101 μ g， thereafter a maximum plateau value of O. 206± 0.032 cc/gm were observed. The actual extravasated or transudated plasma volumes can be calculated by {}btaining the differences of clearance values of control .site and inflammatory sites. The maximum plasma "Volume extravasated was calculated as O. 17cc/gm which is about 5. 7 times of the normal plasma volume. 4. From the point of view that dose-response curves of total tissue water, extracellular fluid , intracellular fluid and RISA clearance showed typical sigmoid cur· ves, the inflammatory reactions induced by graded doses of histamine were divided into 3 steps according to their intensity and mechanism of changes. Each step of changes was discussed

A Surveillance Endoscopy Strategy Based on Local Recurrence Rates after Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Backgrounds: It is not clear when and how frequently surveillance endoscopy should be performed after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to suggest a surveillance endoscopy strategy by investigating the cumulative local recurrence rates and identifying risk factors for local recurrence after colorectal ESD. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 770 patients who underwent colorectal ESD for 778 lesions at our institution from 2005 to 2016. We investigated the cumulative local recurrence rates and risk factors for local recurrence. Results: Local recurrence developed in 12 (1.5%) of 778 lesions during the follow-up period of 37.4 ± 31.7 months. The one-, three-, and five-year cumulative local recurrence rates were 0.4%, 1.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. The risk factors for local recurrence were piecemeal resection (odds ratio (OR) 3.948, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.164-13.385; p = 0.028) and histological incomplete resection (OR 8.713, 95% CI 2.588-29.334; p < 0.001). Local recurrence tended to develop frequently after ESD of early cancers. Conclusions: Short-term surveillance endoscopy should be recommended after piecemeal ESD, histological incomplete resection, and ESD of early colorectal cancers. Surveillance endoscopy with longer intervals can be suggested after en bloc ESD with the histological complete resection of benign colorectal tumors

A Novel Splice Variant (c.438T > A) of APC, Suspected by Family History and Confirmed by RNA Sequencing

A Novel Splice Variant (c.438T > A) of APC, Suspected by Family History and Confirmed by RNA Sequencin