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    ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„ํšŒํ”ผ์˜ ์ •์น˜ : ๋ฏธ ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ์ „ ์‚ฟ์Šˆ๋‚˜์ด๋”(E. E. Schattschneider)๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์™œ๊ณก๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์Šค๋ญ‡ยทํ›Œ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€์„ธ๋ฒ•(Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act)์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐฝ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์ด์ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋™๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๏ผŒ ๊ด€์„ธ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ธ์ ๏ผŒ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์›๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์Šค๋ญ‡-ํ›Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•…๋ฒ•์ด ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ์  ์ค‘ ํ›„์ž๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์ธ์ ์ž์›์€ ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ 20๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฌผ์  ์ž์› ์—ญ์‹œ ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ œ๋„(committee system)์™€ ์„ ์ž„์ œ(ๅ…ˆไปปๅˆถ; seniority system)๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค- ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์ „์Ÿ, ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์šด๋™, ์›Œํ„ฐ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ-์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ์˜์›๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์†Œ๊ด€ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์„ ์ž„ ์œ„์›๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜ํšŒ์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ํ”์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์˜ํšŒ๋‚˜ ์˜์›์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋‚ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํŠน์ˆ˜์ด์ต์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์€ ์•„์ง ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜ํšŒ ๋ฐ ์˜์›์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€๋ก€ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค

    Why NAFTA?: A Political Explanation

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    The North American Free Trade Agreement had evoked a wide variety of conjectures and interpretations regarding the purpose of the United States. They included: โ…ฐ) aiming at trade promoting effects; โ…ฑ) enhancing capital mobility; โ…ฒ) pursuing an alternative for mutlilateralism in case of the failure of the UR; โ…ณ) threatening or persuading EU and Japan; โ…ด) emerging alternative or safeguard policy of a declining hegemon; โ…ต) pure foreign policy matter, etc. Instead of establishing another conjecture, I tried a political-process-centered explanation: examining the validity of the hypotheses which had been converted into political-process-related forms form the above interpretations. The findings corroborated the fifth and sixth hypotheses: NAFTA was the administrations agenda. The Clinton administration was the sole promoter of the agreement, pouring every effort and resource into it in the final phase of the legislative process. Given this finding, I offered a tentaive conclusion that regionalism, whether it be confined to the North America, or extended to the Asia-Pacific, had become one of the serious policy ideas for a decling hegemon, the United States

    Hegemony and International Political Economic Order: A Critical Evaluation of Hegemonic Stability Theory

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    Hegemonic stability theory(HST), one of the most discussed theories in the field of International Political Economy, can be characterized as follows: first, it is an attempt to find causal relationships among three aspects of international economic system - balance of power, openness, and stability; second, inspired by U.S. -centered problematics during the period of American economic decline, it is heavily influenced by ideological bias; third, its nee-realist version is an ambitious project to explain international cooperation by realist logic in the very area where the resurrected liberalism has the strongest explanatory power - that is, international trade. Although its pioneering works were based on a few inductive evidences, later versions of HST have developed deductive theories. One version adopts the logic of public goods theory, and the other, neo-realist systemic logic. Yet both versions have been harshly criticized. In order to amend HST, I suggest that both the independent and the dependent variables be modified. First, the concept of hegemony should incorporate not only economic power but politico-military hegemony, ideological hegemony, and regime transforming capability as well. Second, its dependent variable should be rather openness than stability. And the degree and the characteristics of openness should be explained

    Political Reform in American Way: A Case of 2002 Campaign Finance Reform Act

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    ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ •๋‹น ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ›„๋ณด์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋“ค์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ์ œ๊ณต, ์กฐ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ˆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋งค์ˆ˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์›Œํ„ฐ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ์ถ”๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง„ ์†์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 1970๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์ถœ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์ด ์กฐ์„ฑ, ์ง€์ถœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…, ๋…ธ์กฐ, ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2002๋…„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ž๊ธˆ๊ฐœํ˜๋ฒ•์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์น˜๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋™ํ•™ ์†์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ •์น˜์ , ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ œ๋„, ์ •๋‹น์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์น˜์ œ๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ๋‹ค.One of the major characteristics of U. S. political system is that political parties are weak both at organizational and electoral level. As a result, it is the appeal of an individual candidate, rather than his party, which matters in an election. This leads to the problem ofpolitical money: as candidates need more campaign money, they become dependent upon bigger contributions from interest groups which may have the intention of buying political influence accruing from their money. For this reason, the need to regulate the flow of political money has been widely recognized. FECA in the 1970s was a major effort to reform existing practices of campaign contribution. Although it has succeeded in securing transparency of campaign contribution practices, FECA has brought more serious problems and loopholes of its own: the size of contribution from a few rich individuals, PACs, corporations, and unions has been getting bigger and bigger, which implies that their political influence has become stronger. The effort to reform FECA has continued since 1980s, finally come to fruition in the 2002 Campaign Finance Overhaul Act. This study analyzes the legislative process of this act, focusing on i) how actors perceived problems in campaign finance practices; ii) what were the interests of various actors; iii) what options they pursued; iv) how this affected final outcome of the process; and v) what will be the political consequences of the reform. I will suggest that this reform shows typical dynamics of political reform in American political system, where the original goals and targets are compromised and distorted in the maze of legislative process

    Single Issue Politics and American Party System

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    This paper examines the rise of single issue groups and analyses its consequences on party politics in the U. S. Since 1970's, there has been a massive increase in the number, and the influence of single issue groups whose activities focus on only "one" narrow issue such as abortion and mobilize only "one" narrow group of voters to whom the chosen single issue can appeal. By definition, these single issue groups disregard other issues, no matter how broad and important they are, and do not care for other groups of voters. They lead to "exclusive politics" where each single issue group with its own group of supporters individually compete for achieving its own goals that cannot be shared with other groups. In that sense, single issue politics may erode the very foundation of American democracy -- that is, the "catch-all" nature of political parties which has contributed to compromise and integration in a very pluralistic society. Christian coalition will be analysed to corroborate the argument

    Neo-conservatism and Korean Peninsula

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    ์กฐ์ง€ W. ๋ถ€์‹œ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„  ์ด๋ž˜ ์‹ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค(Neo-conservatives) ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…์— ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ด๋ž˜์˜ 1์„ธ ๋Œ€ ์‹ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ , ์ด๋…์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š”2์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ ์˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์€ ๋‹จ๊ทน์ฃผ์˜ (unipolarism), ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ฃผ์˜(unilateralism), ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜(militarism) ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์˜(democratic globalism)๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋™๋ถ์•„ ํŒจ๊ถŒ ์œ ์ง€, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ด‰์‡„์˜ ์ง€ํ–ฅ, ๋ฏธ์ผ ๋™๋งน์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™”, ๋™๋ถ์•„์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ ์œ ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ „์ œ ํ•˜์— ๋ถํ•ต๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถํ•œ๊ณผ์˜ ํƒ€ํ˜‘ ์ €์ง€, ๋ถํ•œ ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ถ•๊ดด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ถ์•„์˜ ๋‹ค์ž์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ €์ง€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค. Neo-conservatives have had a great influence on American foreign policy, since the George W. Bush Administration took office. These are the second-generation Neo-conservatives, who are different from the first-generation of the 1960s in terms of their political and ideological nature. Their view of the world and prescriptions for American foreign policy can be defined as unipolarism, unilateralism, militarism, and democratic globalism. When it comes to the current nuclear issue of North Korea, the Neo-conservatives strategy is to oppose any compromise with North Korea in order to encourage the sudden collapse of its regime, and to obstruct multilateral resolutions in Northeast Asia

    ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์™ธ๊ต์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋‹ค์ž์ฃผ์˜

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    ฯ€le Effects of the 2004 Campaign Finance Reform and Its Political Consequences

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ œ 17๋Œ€ ์ด์„  ์ง์ „ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ์ •์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ž๊ธˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ์ „์ œ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •์น˜ ์ž๊ธˆ๋ฒ•,์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ•,์ •๋‹น๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ์šด๋™์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ œ๋„๊ฐœ์„ ์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ˜„์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์งš์–ด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด๊ธ€์€ 17๋Œ€ ์ด์„ ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ , ์ฆ‰ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์  ์ •์น˜์ž๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •๋‹น๊ฐ„, ํ›„๋ณด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. This paper analyzes the effects and political consequences of the 2004 campaign Finance reform legislated just before the 17th National Assembly liection. in previous researches on the direction of political money reform, the author argued that the solution for political money problems should be found in their demand side that is making campaigns cheap by regulating campaign practices is the only way to solve current political money problems. the reform intended to follow this recommendation: it prohiited mass- organizing campaigns and encouraged media campaigns

    The Nature of the World System in the Age of Pax Americana

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    Beginning aftฮตr the peace of Westphalia๏ผŒ the modem inter-state system has operated on three principles as neo-realists explain: First, the unit comprising the system is the state that has exclusive sovereignty both internally and externally; Second, the system is an anarchy, that is, has no central authority governing the behavior of units; Third, the system is a selp-help system since there is no centrai authority to help and every unit tries to survive short, modem inter-state system is a world of power politics where sovereign states compete each other to take relative advantages After the end of the Cold War, however, it has often been observed that modem inter-state system has been going through fundamental changes: The state has โ€œretreated" under the pressure of globalization; Transnational or supranational entities such as 1Oโ€™s and INGOโ€™s have gained more influences over the states; Inter-state system is no longer an anarchy; The States have been increasingly willing to cooperate with each other to solve transnational problems. Europe has been the exact case where the post-modern world system replaces modem inter-state system. Yet, the world system forming after the retreat of the modem inter-state system has other distinct features: It is a unipolar system prevailed by U. S. hegemony; Economic globalization, which requires larger size for any economic entities to survive, disintegrates as well as integrates the states; New technologies for social organization such as global or regional governance increasingly change peopleโ€™s identities and loyalties. I designate these three as driving forces of the current globalization which decides the nature of the coming world system.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ. (KRF-2004-044-A00001
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