Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on neutrophil functions in diabetic patients with foot infections

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 내과학전공,1999.Docto

Endocrine alteration of 4-nonylphenol: in vivo studies of inter-species differences

Three kinds of juvenile marine fish (Paralichthys olivaceus, Sebastes schlegeli, and Pagrus major) were continuously exposed to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ug/ L for 7 days using an intermittent flow-through dosing system. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and hepatic VTG mRNA were determined in a group of fish sampled during exposure phase. In two fish species (P. olivaceus and S. schlegeli), VTG mRNA apparently increased in four days of exposure. VTG proteins in P. olivaceus and P. major were induced at 50 ug/L from the fourth day of exposure and S. schlegeli was induced at 20 ug/L. Plasma concentrations of testosterone in the exposure group were not significantly different from those in the control group. However, plasma estradiol-17β concentrations of the female increased in P. olivaceus and S. schlegeli after 4-NP exposure. Our results suggest that 4-NP may disrupt the vitellogenesis system of immature fish by acting directly on vitellogenesis and steroidogenesis. Immature S. schlegeli exposed with 4-NP were more sensitive than P. olivaceus and P. major. There are obviously large inter-species differences in response of fish to 4-NP.1

EFFECTS OF 4-NONYLPHENOL EXPOSURE ON VITELLOGENESIS RESPONS IN THREE FISH SPECIES

Dose-response effects of the estrogenic compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on vitellogenesis were investigated in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli,) and red seabream (Pagrus major). They were continuously exposed to 4-NP at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 즗g/ L for 7 days using an intermittent flow-through dosing system. Plasma vitellogenin (VTG) and hepatic VTG mRNA were determined in groups of fish sampled during exposure. In two species (P. olivaceus and S. schlegeli), VTG mRNA apparently increased in four day after exposure. VTG proteins in P. olivaceus and P. major were induced at 50 ug/L from the fourth day of exposure, and S. schlegeli was induced at 20 ug/L. Plasma concentrations of testosterone in the exposure groups were not significantly different from those in the control group. However, plasma estradiol-17꺬 concentrations of the females increased in P. olivaceus and S. schlegeli after exposure. Our results suggest that 4-NP may disrupt the vitellogenesis system of immature fish by acting directly on vitellogenesis and steroidogenesis. Immature S. schlegeli exposed to 4-NP were more sensitive than P. olivaceus and P. major. This supports the hypothesis that fish show inter-species differences in binding affinities to estrogen receptor in vivo because of amino acid variation at the binding site.1