Studies on Occurence and Distribution of Tissue Mast Cells

The morphology, distribution and stainability of tissue mast cells were studied from the tissues taken from selected portions of various organs of the following adult animals; xr«, pig, rabbit. guinea-pig, albino-rat, mouse, fowl, sparrow and frog. And particularly albino rats were selected by different ages 03! gestation day l6-!- g.d., l8t g.d., 19t g.d., 20t g.d., 2It g.d., at birth. 24hrs., Sd, 5d, lad, lfid, 20d, l m, 3m, Gm) and sexes. The following conclusions were made. 1) Tissue mast cells were observed in each species of animals. The density of mast cell population in various organs of various species of animals has shown a sign-ificant difference according to species of animals. It was found that the density of mast cell population is most numerous in cow. pig and dog, being fewer in fowl, guinea-pig, frog and albino rat in the given order, and rarest in rabbit, mouse and sparrow. Numerous tissue mast cells were observed in skin, tongue, lung and gastrointestinal tract of the above animals examined. However, they were absent or relatively few in kidney, pancreas and brain tissues. Histological potrions in which tissue mast cells are abundantly found are a little different according to species of animals. However, they are generally consistant in the organ. The most numerous mast cells were found in the hepatic capsule of cow among the all specimens examined. Tissue mast cells were distributed numerously in connective tissue especially in around blood vessels and gland ducts. However. the density of mast cell population was not always parallel to the amount of connective tissues. The location and arrangement of tissue mast cells in various organs of various species of animals seem to be somewhat peculiar to each species of animals. 2) The form of tissue mast cells of various species of animals was found to be multifarious. It was usually round and ovoid. however the spindle, long. irregular and spined forms were also observed. It seemed to show some difference according to histological portions. Nuclei of tissue mast cells generally correspond to the form of cells and they are uninucleate and situated in central or eccentric portions of cells and commonly stained faintly. Granules of tissue mast cells are usually round, uniform and are mostly compact in their cytoplasm. 3) Tissue mast cells stain red-purplish, purple-bluish or dark purple-bluish, but mostly red-purplish in toluidine blue stain by Rasanen formula. The stainability was mostly distinct. 4) In albino rats. the density of mast cell population in various organs is definitely related with the ag

A Statistical Study of Liver Cirrhosis in Koreans Based upon Autopsy Studies

Although liver cirrhosis has been recognized as a relatively common disease in Korea there have been almost no statistical reports concerning cirrhosis. I present here a statistical study of liver cirrhosis from 1990 autopsies. performed in a period of seventeen years(1929~19B, 1954~1957) in the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University. In this study the classification of liver cirrhosis depended upon the diagnosis noted on the autopsy protocol. 1. Incidence and types: There were eighty-five cases of cirrhosis of liver(male seventy-one cases femalefourteen cases), accounting for 7.79% of all auto-psied cases. The types of liver cirrhosis, which were recognized in this study, were as follows; Laennec's liver cirrhosis, forty-two cases(male thirty-eight cases, female four cases), biliary liver cirrhosis, six cases (male five cases, female one case), cardiac liver cirrhosis. fourteen casesr male nine cases, female five cases), parasitic liver cirrhosis, ten cases(male ten cases), Morbus Banti, twelve cases/male eight cases, female four cases), undetermined type, one case(male one case). 2. From the chronological standpoint there was an increase in incidence of cirrhosis in recent years. 3. There was an increase in incidence after the third decade, with the peak in the fifth decade. Diagrams of the incidence of types of liver cirrhosis in the various age groups are shown. 4. The incidence among females has increased in recent years. 5. Studies concerning jaundice, ascites, weights of liver and spleen, and other pathologic anatomical findings in the types of cirrhosis of the liver were made. 6. It has found that the blood pressures of patients with liver cirrhosis but without renal disease were generally low. Not only were the average blood pressures of such patients below hypertensive levels (Master etal) but they were actually lower than average normal blood pressures in healthy individuals( Symonds). On the other hand, in this series there were four cases of cirrhosis associated with renal disease, of these cases, one had moderate hypertension, one had minimal hypertension, one had normal blood pressure and one had hypotension (Symonds). 7. There were seven cases of cirrhosis of liver with hepatom(8. 23% of all liver cirrhosis cases).and four cases of Laennec's cirrhosis with hepatom 9.5% of all Laennec's cirrhosis cases. 8. The clinical diagnosis was madeaccurately III about one half of the cases in which liver cirrhosis was ascertained in autopsiesas a chief or an accessory finding

후박 및 대조추출혼합물이 골조직재생에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to perform on the biological activity of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract mixtures on the wound healing of defected rat calvaria. For the determination of the mixture ratio of two extracts for oral administration, preliminary experiments were performed with the mixture combination of 2000 and of Magnolia extract, and also 20, 30, 200, 300, 2000 and of Zizyphi fructus extract, respectively and divided into 6 groups. The combination of extracts mixture were tested on the enhancing effect of cellular activity. The effect of the extracts mixture on the cellular activity was evaluated using MTT method and measured on the results with optical density by ELISA reader. The ability to tissue regeneration of the extracts mixture was performed by measuring new bone and new connective tissue regeneration on the 5mm defected rat calvaria for 1, 2 and 3 weeks after oral administration of 2 different dosages groups : 10:1(0.1g/kg) and 10:1(0.5g/kg). It was employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L as positive controls. Each group of rat was sacrificed and en bloc section for histological examination. The effect on the cellular activity of each mixture ratio showed significantly higher in of Magnolia extract and of Zizyphi fructus extract group to compare with other groups. These preliminary results showed that appropriate mixture ratio of two extracts was 10:1 of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extract. Histological examination on the activity of tissue regeneration of each group showed that 2weeks and 3weeks specimens of 0.5g/kg of 10:1 extract mixture of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus administrated rat calvaria revealed significantly more osteoid and new bone formation of defected calvaria with unification of defected area than the specimens of any other negative and positive controls. Even though the specimen administrated the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L, positive controls, showed the trend that they promote significantly the repair of calvarial defect, their bone reparative activities were less inductive than the same dosages of Magnolia and Ziziphi fructus extract mixture. These results implicated that the mixture of Magnolia and Zizyphi fructus extracts should be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and might have potential possibilities as an useful drug to promote periodontal tissue regeneration.본 연구는 1996년도 보건복지부 신약개발 연구비 지원으로 이루어졌습니다

후박 및 홍화종자 추출혼합물이 치주인대세포 및 골아세포의 활성도 및 백서의 두개골재생에 미치는 영향

Magnoliae cortex has been used as a drug for treatment of fractures in Chinese medicine and safflower(Carthamus tinctorius ) has been traditionally used for treatment of blood stasis. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of magnoliae cortex extract and safflower extract mixture(MSM) on human periodontal ligament cells and fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts and on healing of rat calvarial defects. The ethanolic extracts of magnoliae cortex(MCE), safflower seed(SSE), Zea May L(ZML) were prepared as positive control group. MSM mixed to the ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were used as test group. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, cell proliferation and tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8 mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 2 ratio groups(1 : 5 and 1 : 10) at 3 different doses (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5g/kg per day). MSM stimulated the growth and survival rate of osteoblasts and PDL cells more than any other agents. The growth and survival rate were increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the ALPase activity of osteoblast and PDL cell in comparison to the negative control group. But all groups of MSM regardless of ratio of safflower seed extract stimulated the ALPase activity than any other agent. The ALPase activity was also increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. Although MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the proliferation of osteoblasts. 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 ratio MSM showed significant increase in stimulation of proliferation of osteoblasts. No agent significantly increased proliferation of PDL cells. Significant new bone formation were seen where 1 : 5 ratio, 0.5g/kg group and 1 : 10 ratio, 0.25, 0.5g/kg groups were used. These results show that magnoliae cortex extract and safflower seed extract mixture can potentially increase bone regeneration ability.이 연구는 서울대학교병원 지정연구비의 지원에 의해 이루어졌습니다

홍화추출물이 치주인대세포 및 조골세포 활성도에 미치는 영향

Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius has been traditionally used for the treatment of blood stasis, and Dipsasi Radix has been used as a drug for fracture in Chinese medicine. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of safflower extract and Disasi radix extracts on the periodontal. ligament cells and osteoblastic cells and on the wound healing of rat calvarial defect. The ethanolic extract of safflower blossom, safflower seed and Dipsasi Radix(125, 250, and 500 ) were prepared as test group, and PDGF-BB(lOng/ml) and unsafonifiable fraction of Zea Mays L.(125, 250, and 500 ) were employed as positive control. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, expression of PDGF-BB receptor, chemotactic response of PDL cell and ATCC human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro were examined. The tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 3 different dosages groups : 0.02, 0.1 and 0.35g/kg, per day. It was also employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L. as positive controls. Safflower blossom extract, safflower seed extract, and Dipsasi Radix extract stimulate the cellular activity of MG63 cells in concentration range of , and safflower bolssom extract and safflower seed extract stimulate also the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of . In activity of ALPase, of safflower blossom extracts showed significant stimulating effects on MG63 cells, and the same concentration range of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In the recovery on PDGF-BB receptor expression which was depressed by , of safflower blossom extracts and of safflower seed extracts showed significant increasing effect on MG63 cells, and of safflower blossom extract and of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In chemotactic response, among all tested group, safflower seed extracts only were chemotactic to MG63 cells and periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of . Also in the view of bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect model, the only group that was orally administrated 0.35g/kg, day of safflower seed extract showed significant new bone formation. These results suggested that safflower extracts might have a potential possibilities as an useful drug for adjunct to treatment for regeneration of periodontal defect.이 연구는 1996년도 한국학술진흥재단 공모과제 연구비의 지원에 의하여 이루어졌습니다

관중의 항균작용 및 세포독성에 관한 연구

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Crassirhzimae rhizoma and its possible use as an oral antiseptics for prevention of periodontitis. Its antibacterial activity against periodontopathic microorganisms including Actinobacillus actiomycetem - comitans, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatumwas evaluated via modified stab culture method. The cytotoxicity against gingival fibroblasts and rat osteoblasts was investigated via [$^3H$]thymidine incorporation and cellular activity was investigated via MTT assay. Chlorhexidine was used as control group. Crassirhizomae rhizoma was prepared at concentrations of 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05%. Chlorhexidine was also prepared at the same concentration. Crassirhizomae rhizoma showed lower antimicrobial antivity against these microorganism than chlorhexidine, but this difference was not significant. And, Crassirhzomae rhizoma showed more cellular activity and less cytotoxicity than chlorhexidine on human gingival fibrablast and rat osteoblast. This study suggests that Crassirhzomae rhizoma might be a candidate for a safe oral antiseptic for the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.이 연구는 1997년도 서울대학교 병원지정연구비 지원에 의한 결과입니다