(A)Study on buddism approval and political development in Silla dynasty : focused on the King Bobheong and Jinheong era

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :정치학과,2003.Docto

Sillas National Buddhism and Political Reform

국가불교는 국가체제의 유지와 연관된 불교를 지칭한다. 신라의 국가불교 전개는 중고기 첫 왕인 제23대 법흥왕대(514~540)의 불교수용을 거치면서 시작되었고, 제24대 진흥왕대(540~576)부터 본격적으로 이루어진 것으로 볼 수 있다. 국가불교는 왕권강화를 전제로 한 정치·제도·사상·문화 등과 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있었으며, 불교사상과 통치이념을 특별히 구분하지 않았다. 이 글에서는 신라 중고기의 국가불교 전개사를 기초로, 법흥왕대와 진흥왕대에 걸친 정치개혁의 맥락을 고찰해보았다. 이를 통해 네 가지 정치적 함의를 읽어낼 수 있었다. 첫째, 신라의 국가불교 전개가 정치개혁을 추동(推動)하였다. 둘째, 당대(當代)의 불교는 정치통합의 기능을 훌륭히 수행하였다. 셋째, 신라의 불교수용은 당시 세계의 중심이었던 중국과의 소통을 독자적으로 수행하게 함으로써 신라인들로 하여금 주변부의식을 불식시켰다. 넷째, 신라정치의 상향적(上向的) 리더쉽이란 의미있는 코드를 포착해낼 수 있었다

The Welfare Politics of Silla's King Jinheong

복지정치는 복지를 아젠다로 하는 정치를 뜻한다. 또한 복지를 바라보는 정치적 관점을 복지정치라 할 수 있다. 특히 정치발전을 복지로 보는 관점이 유력하다. 근대화과정에서 비롯된 모순을 극복하기 위해 근대국가가 선택하는 정치적 변화의 방향이 복지이다. 근대 이전의 정치발전적 복지정치로서 신라 중고기의 지방민을 불교의 온정주의로 배려한 불교적 복지정치를 들 수 있다. 이 글은 한국정치에 있어서 복지정치의 한 전형으로 평가할 수 있는 신라 진흥왕(540-576)의 복지정치를 다룬 것이다. 네 기의 진흥왕 순수비를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 신라진흥왕의 복지정치는 다음 다섯 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 신라의 유연성과 열린 정치이다. 둘째, 진흥왕대에는 구민(舊民)과 신민(新民)을 차별하지 않고 같은 왕의 인민으로 대한 평등성이다. 셋째, 불교승려가 왕의 최측근으로 위치하고, 지방민을 비롯한 백성들에 대한 무육(撫育)의 역할을 수행하였다. 넷째, 진흥왕은 복수임명제를 통해 지방민을 위한 정치의 효율을 극대화하고 있다. 다섯째, 통일복지의 예비로서 삼국통일의 주체들이 진흥왕대에 혈맥을 가지고 성장, 육성되고 있었다. The welfare politics means the politics which do welfare agendas. Also sees the welfare politics there is a possibility of political standpoint of welfare. Specially the viewpoint which sees a political development with the welfare is powerful. In order to overcome the contradiction which incurred from modernization process the direction of the political change which the modern nation selects is welfare. As welfare politics of political development before modern age I use the Buddhist welfare politics of Silla Junggogi(中古期) which considers local people with paternalism based on Buddhism. This paper is a study on the welfare politics of Silla's king Jinheong(眞興,540-576)will be able to evaluate as one model of welfare politics. I foused on four king Jinheong's Sunsubi(巡狩碑). The welfare politics of Silla's king Jinheong can be summarized with the next five thing. First, there is Silla's flexibility and open politics. Second, I have pointed the equality which did not discriminate old Silla people from new Silla people included local people. Fourth, the king Jinheong maximized the efficiency of politics throuth the double appointment system. Fifth, as preparation of the unification welfare the subjects of the unification of three nations have growing and being reared with blood relationship in the king Jinheong era

Developing Solid-State Na-Air batteries Based on Nasicon (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) Solid Electrolytes

DoctorRechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIBs), comprised of organic liquid electrolytes, a LiCoO2 cathode, and a graphite anode, are widely used for portable devices, electric vehicles (EVs) and grid energy storage systems. As the devices that require the LIBs are more sophisticated, greater cell performances are increasingly demanded. Theoretically, Na-Air batteries are considered as a promising energy storage due to high energy density and low energy cost. Also, utilizing inorganic solid electrolytes in Na-Air batteries instead of organic liquid electrolytes can prevent several problems such as flammability, limitations of electrochemical potential window and evaporation. In this context, new strategies for improving ionic conductivities ("σ" _"ion" ) of Nasicon (Na3Zr2Si2PO12), a representative Na-ion conductor, were developed and solid-state Na-Air batteries based on the Nasicon materials were firstly operated. Adding excess Na and modifying phase transition behavior can be new methods to increase "σ" _"ion" of Nasicon. Also, electrochemical redox processes of the solid-state Na-Air batteries were investigated. General introductions for the thesis are included in chapter 1. Principles of Li-ion and Na-Air batteries and necessity of solid electrolytes is mentioned in this chapter. Then, material information of Nasicon (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) solid electrolytes is introduced. Chapter 2 and 3 deal with the new strategies to improve "σ" _"ion" of Nasicon. A study of increased "σ" _"ion" of Nasicon by adding excess-Na is shown in chapter 2. The excess Na positively affected to "σ" _"ion" in both grain and grain boundary, leading to increase in total conductivity of Nasicon. A bottleneck, which definitely determines activation energies for ion conduction, was expanded by the incorporation of excess Na into Nasicon lattice. Also, excess Na probably compensated deficiency of Na-ion concentration in grain boundary. Another method to increase "σ" _"ion" of Nasicon by modifying a phase transition behavior is introduced in chapter 3. Nasicon has two polymorphs: rhombohedral which stabilizes at high temperature and monoclinic at low temperature. The rhombohedral phase can have higher "σ" _"ion" than monoclinic because the rhombohedral phase has lower activation energy. When Ge element was added to Nasicon, the phase transition temperature of Nasicon was lowered and more rhombohedral phase was found in the Ge-added samples than in bare sample, resulting in the increase of "σ" _"ion" . Chapter 4 includes preparation processes of the solid-state Na-Air batteries based on the Nasicon solid electrolyte and electrochemical redox processes of the system. A porous air electrode, comprised of Nasicon and Ni metal, and a gold (Au) buffer layer were attached to each side of the dense Nasicon pellet. Then, sodium (Na) metal anode was laminated on the top of Au buffer layer, and the cell was operated in ambient air. The cell was exhibited an unexpected electrochemical performances and its electrochemical redox mechanism was investigated

Synthesis process through solid-state reaction and electrical properties of pur silicophosphate with nasicon structure

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Ge 도핑을 통한 Nasicon(Na3Zr2Si2PO12)의 상전이 거동 이해

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Electrical Property of Nasicon (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) as Solid-Electrolyte for Na/S Battery

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Synthesis and Electrochemical Activity of Sodium Titanium Phosphate for Sodium Ion Battery

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Research progress of oxide solid electrolytes for next-generation Li-ion batteries

Since the electrification of vehicles has been extended, solid-state batteries have been attracting a lot of interest because of their superior safety. Especially, polymer, sulfide, and oxide based materials are being studied as solid electrolytes, and each type of materials has advantaged and disadvantages over others. Oxide electrolytes has higher chemical and electrochemical stability compared to the other types of electrolytes. However, ionic conductivity isn’t high enough as much as that of organic liquid electrolytes. Also, there are many difficulties of fabricating solidstate batteries with oxide based electrolytes because they require a sintering process at very high temperature (above ~800 ℃). Herein, we review recent studies of solid-state batteries with oxide based electrolytes about the ionic conductivity, interfacial reactions with Li metal, and preparation of solid-state cell.22