27 research outputs found

    King Yeong-jos Crisis Overcoming Leadership: Focused on the Lee In-jwa's Rebellion in 1728

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    ์ด์ธ์ขŒ์˜ ๋‚œ์€ 1728๋…„ 3์› 15์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 3์›” 28์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ ๋ณด๋ฆ„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ž€์œผ๋กœ, ์ถœ๋ฒ”ํ• ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์กฐ ์ •๊ถŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํฐ ํƒ€๊ฒฉ์ด์ž ๋„์ „์ด์–ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ธ์ขŒ, ๋ฐ•ํ•„ํ˜„, ์ •ํฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ ๋น„(้ž)๋…ธ๋ก ๊ณ„ ์„ธ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์€ ์—ฐ์ด์€ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ‰ํ‰ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฏผ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ข…๋…์‚ด์„ค์„ ๋“ฑ์— ์—…๊ณ  ์ถฉ์ฒญ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„, ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋„์™€ ์ „๋ผ๋„ ์ด๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์žฅ์•…ํ•ด ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋ช…ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๊ตฐ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€์˜ ์ฃผ๋„๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘๊ณผ ์˜์กฐ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐ ์ •๋ณดํ†ต์ œ๋กœ ์• ์ดˆ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜€๋˜ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์ •(ๅๆญฃ)๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ดด๋ฉธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋˜, ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์™• ์˜์กฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ž€ ๋ฐœ๋ฐœ ์†Œ์‹์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ฃผ๋™์ž์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๊ด‘์šด, ์˜ค๋ช…์‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„(้ž)๋…ธ๋ก  ์‹ ํ•˜๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ž€๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹นํŒŒ(์†Œ๋ก )์ด๋ฉฐ ์นœ๋ถ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์˜ค๋ช…ํ•ญ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์˜ค๋ช…ํ•ญยท๋ฐ•๋ฌธ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ทธ์— ๋ณด๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ์„ ์ง„์••ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ž€์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋‚œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์›์ธ์ด ์กฐ์ •์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป, ์ฆ‰ ๋ถ•๋‹น์˜ ํ๋‹จ์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๋‚œ ์ง„์•• ํ›„ ์ดˆ๋‹นํŒŒ์  ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฑ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ•ํ‰์ฑ…๊ณผ, ์˜จ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋™ํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ™”ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜๋น„์ „์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜์กฐ์˜ ์ธ์žฌ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ณผ ๋น„์ „ ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ธ์ขŒ์˜ ๋‚œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์ฐจ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. Lee In-Jwa's Rebellion was one of the most dangerous crises in King Yeong-Jo's regime. The Rebellion was raised by prestigious families such as Lee In-jwa (Yoon Hue's grandson-in-law), Jeong Hee-ryang (Jeong-on's descendant), and Jeong Se-yoon (Jeong In-ji's descendant). They broke out rebellion in the middle and southern area Korea: ChungChong-do, Kyungsang-do, and Jeolla-do simultaneously. How King Yeong-jo had overcome it? First, he had an adventure which he placed full confidence in his subjects like Oh Kwang-wun[NamIn], Oh Myung-hang[SoRon], and Park Mun-su[SoRon] who could had been his political rivals. Second, he diagnosed in early stage cause of rebellion as the severe political cleavage. He, thus, suggested Grand Harmony policy [Tang Pyong Policy] as a new solution. He promised that he would appoint personnel to positions according to their ability, not the political background. He had tried to inform his new political vision to his people through translating into Korean Alphabet version in every corner of the land. After 15 days he had overcome the rebellion successfully and turned the crisis to chance as a result.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2006๋…„๋„ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(KRF-2006-353-A00057

    A Study on the Confucian State projects of the Kyว’ngguk Taeว’n

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์กฐ์„  ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ด๋…๊ณผ, ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์˜ˆ์น˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ช…(็ฉถๆ˜Ž)ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ํŽธ์ฐฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ฃผ๋ก€(ๅ‘จ็ฆฎ)์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์˜ˆ์ „(็ฆฎๅ…ธ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง‘์ค‘์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ……ํ•ด ์กฐ์„ ์™•์กฐ์˜ ์™ธ์œ ๋‚ด๋ฒ•(ๅค–ๅ„’ๅ…งๆณ•)์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์€ ํƒœ์ข…ยท์„ธ์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ตญ์™•์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ก  ๊ณผ ์ •๋„์ „ยท์„ธ์ข… ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ก  ์˜ ํƒ€ํ˜‘์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ , ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์ง€์œ„์™€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์  ์นจ๋ฌต์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์™•์˜ ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ •์šด์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ์ง•์  ์˜๋ฏธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์นœ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ›„ํžˆ ์กด๋Œ€ํ•˜๋˜ ์ •์น˜์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค(ๅฐŠไฝ้‡็ฅฟ ไธ ไปปไปฅไบ‹)์˜ ์›์น™์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ง€ํ˜œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „ ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ดํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์€, ์กฐ์„ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ็ถ“ไธ–ๅฎถ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ ์ฐจ ์˜ˆ(็ฆฎ)๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์น˜(ๆฒป)๋ฅ  ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€์งˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „(1460~1485)์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๋‹ค

    A Study of the King Young-jos Notion on the Law and People: Focused on the Judicial Precedents

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    ์˜์กฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์žฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ใ€Œ์†๋Œ€์ „(็บŒๅคงๅ…ธ)ใ€ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ „ ํŽธ์ฐฌ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜, ์—ญ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๊ด˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์น˜์žฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์‹ฟ. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ตญ์™• ์˜์กฐ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๊ด€์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ใ€Œ์˜์กฐ์‹ค๋กใ€์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฃ„(ๆญป็ฝช)ํŒ๊ฒฐ. ์ฆ‰ ์‚ฌํ˜•์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•์˜ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜์กฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์ƒ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—„ํ˜•(ๅšดๅˆ‘)์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๊ณ , ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ ๋ฏผ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฏ•๋กœ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ €์ง€๋ฅธ ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€ํ˜•(ๅฏฌๅˆ‘) ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์˜์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐํ’์„ ์ง„์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๊ฒฐ๋‚ด๋ ธ๊ณ , ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํƒ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๋ฏผ(ไฟๆฐ‘)์˜์‹์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์–ด ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋กœ ์‹ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์™ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žฌํŒ๊ณผ ๊ตญ์‚ฌ์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ๋ชจ์™€ ๊ด˜์„œ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ธฐ๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฏผ์ด ์†์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ฒญ๊ณ„์ฒœ ์ค€์ฒœ๊ณผ ๊ท ์—ญ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ฑ…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ ํœผ(ๆฌฝๆค)์ •์‹ ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์š”์ง€๋‹ค. King Young-jo, the 21st king of Chosun Dynasty, adjudicated upon the 130 cases of murder during his reign (1724-1776). The characteristics of judicial verdicts are as follow: first, he, on the one hand, sentenced to severe punishment on the prisoners who had transgressed moral laws and committed the treacherous behavior. On the other hand, he demanded a mild punishment for the livelihood crimes. Second, he lay more stress on the social morale than on the mechanical application of law. He worked hard to realize 'humane and also just' community rather than only just society

    A Study of Yi Seong Gyes Leadership Moment during the Wehwado-hoegun in 1388

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    ์ด์„ฑ๊ณ„์˜ ์œ„ํ™”๋„ํšŒ๊ตฐ(1388๋…„)์€ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ํž˜์˜ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ๊ธฐ์— ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค์˜ ๊ณ ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆํ˜ธ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ„ํ™”๋„ํšŒ๊ตฐ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€, ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ตฐ์ด ์••๋ก๊ฐ• ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ์š”๋™์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ตฐํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ ๋ช…๋‚˜๋ผ์™€์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ์ผ ํŒจ์ „ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์— ์ œ2์˜ ํ•œ์‚ฌ๊ตฐ ์„ค์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜์š•์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ™”๋„์—์„œ ํšŒ๊ตฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•œ๋ฐ˜๋„์˜ ์™•์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํŒจ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์„์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋Œ€๊ตญ, ์ฆ‰ ์ œ2์˜ ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์„์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์„ฑ๊ณ„์˜ ์–ธํ–‰๊ณผ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ(leadership moment)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์ฆ‰ ์œ„ํ™”๋„ํšŒ๊ตฐ์„ ๊ฐํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๊ณผ, ํšŒ๊ตฐ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ŒํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์„ฑ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋’ค์˜ ์„ธ์ข…์ด ใ€Žํƒœ์กฐ์‹ค๋กใ€ ใ€Ž์šฉ๋น„์–ด์ฒœ๊ฐ€ใ€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์œ„ํ™”๋„ํšŒ๊ตฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. The Purpose of this article is to explore Yi Seong Gyes leadership in the Wehwadohoegun (troop withdrawal), 1388. The dissenter who opposed Yi Seong Gyes troop withdrawal said Yi missed the chance that Koryo could recapture Goguryos old territory. Yi, however, was the judge of that if troops advanced on Ming dynastys territory across the Yalu river, Koryo would defeat and ended in Another Hansaguns rule. So he turned his troops and went back Gaegyung (Goryos capital) at Wehwado island. He won through obstructions on the road for about four years (1388. 6-1392. 7). At last, he founded the Chosun Dynasty and ascend the throne. History sometimes demands leaders sober decision

    From Kingdom to Empire: Birth of the Daehan Empire and the Dismantling of the Gyeongguk daejeon System

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ 1897๋…„ 10์›”์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์ฒด์ œ์˜ ํ•ด์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ๊ตญ๋Œ€์ „์ฒด์ œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์™•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ค‘์•™์ง‘๊ถŒ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด์ œ์ด์ž ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ตญ์™• ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์œ„ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์  ๊ฒฌ์ œ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 1899๋…„ 8์›”์— ๋ฐ˜ํฌ๋œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋Š” ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ตฐ๊ถŒ(ๅ›ๆฌŠ)์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ™ฉ์ œ๋Š” ์œกํ•ด๊ตฐ ํ†ต์†”๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ์ œ์ •ยท์ง‘ํ–‰ยท์‚ฌ๋ฉดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๋ช…ยทํ‰๊ฐ€ยท๋ด‰๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฐ๊ถŒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€์นจ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ(์ œ3์กฐ0 ์กฐ์„ ์กฐ์˜ ๊ตญ์™•๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๊ฒฌ์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์™ธ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ์„œ ์™•์กฐ(Kingdom)์—์„œ ์ œ๊ตญ(empire)์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฒฉ(ๅœ‹ๆ ผ)์ƒ์Šน์ด๋‹ค. ์€ ์‚ฌ๋Œ€(ไบ‹ๅคง) ์ฆ‰ ๋Œ€๊ตญ(ๅคงๅœ‹)์ธ ์ค‘๊ตญ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์™•์กฐ์˜ ๊ทœ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€ ์กฐ์„ ์˜ ์™•๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๋ฌด๋ฐฑ๊ด€(ๆ–‡ๆญฆ็™พๅฎ˜)์€ ์ฃผ์š” ์ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ™ฉ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ(๏ฆถ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™•๊ณผ ์™•๋น„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™•์„ธ์ž ๋“ฑ์€ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ํ™ฉ์ œ์˜ ์Šน์ธ(ๅ†Šๅฐ)์„ ์–ป์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์ด ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€์„ ํŒŒ์†กํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ์„ ์ „ํฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ™”์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ž์ฃผ๋…๋ฆฝํ•œ ์ œ๊ตญ(ๅธๅœ‹)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ž˜ ์กฐ์„ ์™•์กฐ์˜ ์œ„๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์งˆ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ ํƒ„์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์žฌ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ณ ์ข…์€ ์™•์œ„์— ์˜ค๋ฅธ ์ง€ 34๋…„ ๋งŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ œ๊ตญ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์นœ์ •(่ฆชๆ”ฟ)ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์œ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ๋‹คํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ธ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–‘์„ฑ, ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹œ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ธ์žฌ๋“ค์„ ์ œ๋„ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ๋ฏผ๊ณต๋™ํšŒ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ†ต์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ ๋„ ์•„์‰ฝ๋‹ค. 19์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๊ธฐ์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณ ์ข…์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋๋‚ด ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ๋น„๋‹จ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์นจํƒˆ ์™ธ์— ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ •์น˜์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. Joseon dynasty, based on its about 500year-long Gyeongguk daejeon system, maintained its two governmental features: internationally "respecting the senior state" (sadae) with China and "keeping friendship with neighboring countries" (Jurchin and Japan) on the one hand, domestically pursued respect for Confucian proprieties and conceded only relative sovereignty to the Joseon king on the other hand. This political system, however, was dismantled in 1897, following the birth of the Daehan Empire, which proclaimed itself as a self-reliant independent nation in international community and in which unlimited sovererign was granted to the emperor. How is the Daehan Empire difference form the Joseon Dynasty? For this, I compared the provisions of the Daehanguk gukje (hereafter, Gukje), which was established with the birth of the Daehan Empire in 1897, with those of the Gyeongguk daejeon as follows. First, Gukje states that the Daehan Empire is independent enpire that can make its own decision regarding important matters of the Empire such as dispatch of diplomats, declaration of war, and conclusion of peace treaty. In comparison, Gyeongguk daejeon accepted a junior status to China and scrupulously observed the ritual practices of tributary state, based on the tradition of "the respect for the senior state (sadae) diplomacy". Second, another point to be noted is the stipulation that grants unlimited power to the Emperor. According to the Gukje, the emperor has the command of the military and naval forces, the right of enacting and enforcing laws, and even the pardon power (Article 6). As compared with this, the royal authority prescribed in the Gyeongguk daejeon in relative. Unlike the Gukje according to which the emperor is supposed to assume all responsibilities from the enactment of laws to the appointment of government official, the Gyeongguk daejeon system makes it a principle to entrust all those responsibilities to ministers. The third difference is found in the upgrading of state rituals. Whereas the Gukjo oryeui established the norms for the state rituals on the level of a feudal country, the Daehan Empire raised its all state rituals to the level of those of an empire and stipulated the norms in the Daerye uigwe (Ceremony Manual for the Grand Rites). For example, the Daerye uigwe assigns to the country a different status form that specified in the Gukjo oryeui, which is counterpart of the Gyeongguk daejeon. For example (the change of sacrigicial rites rank).์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2007๋…„๋„ ์ •๋ถ€์žฌ์›(๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€ ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์„ฑ๋น„)์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ(KRF-2007-327-B00009

    A Study of King Sejongs Confucian Spirit of Law : A Focus on His View of Law and Fair Judgment

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    ์„ธ์ข…์€ ์‚ด๋ง›๋‚˜๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ๋น„์ „์ธ ์ƒ์ƒ์ง€๋ฝ(็”Ÿ็”Ÿไน‹๏ฅœ)์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•(ๅธๆณ•)๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‚˜? ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ(์‚ฌํ˜•์ง‘ํ–‰๋ฅ  86%), ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‚˜? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ใ€Ž์„ธ์ข…์‹ค๋กใ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” 100์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ 536๊ฑด์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฃ„(ๆญป็ฝช) ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธ์ข…์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ์ธ์˜(ไป็พฉ)๋กœ์šด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฃ„์ธ์„ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฒ• ๋งก์€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•๋ฒŒ์„ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์–ต์šธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ฐจ๋งˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์„ธ์‹ฌํžˆ ์‚ดํŽดํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜(็พฉ)๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋งˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ(ไป)์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ๋น ์ง„ ์ •์˜๋Š” ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ข…์˜ ์žฌํŒ ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ •์‹ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ข…์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ์ œ๋„์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„์„œ ์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์ง“์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ถ๊ทน ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ด ํ…… ๋น„๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์–ต์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐœํƒ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ฒ˜์ง€์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์˜ฅ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์šธํ•จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ์ข…์ด ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์—ˆ๋‚˜? ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ข…์€ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์—์„œ ๋”์œ„๋‚˜ ์ถ”์œ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ˆ„์ฐจ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ์–ต์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ˆ„๋ช…์„ ํ’€์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์กฐ์น˜๋กœ๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 1433๋…„(์„ธ์ข… 15๋…„) 7์›”์˜ ์•ฝ๋…ธ(่—ฅๅฅด) ์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์„ธ์ข…์€ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋‚˜, ๊ทœ์ •์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ์ข…์‹ค๋ก์—์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ข…์‹œ๋Œ€ํŒ ์ฃ„ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ •์ฃผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค(์žฌ์œ„ 18๋…„์˜ ์‚ฌํ—Œ๋ถ€์˜ ์š”๋งํ•œ ๋ฌด๋‹น ์ฒ˜ํ˜•์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์„ธ์ข…์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€, ์žฌ์œ„ 22๋…„์˜ ์‚ฌํ—Œ๋ถ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์ˆœ๊ธฐ ์ฃ„์ง€์€ ๊ถ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋“ฑ)This paper investigates King Sejongs political conception of justice by analysing 536 cases that was dealt with during his reign (1418-1450). King Sejong emphasized that officials in charge of enforcing the law must refrain from misusing punishments and violating human dignity and life, and that the law must be enforced in such a way as to avoid even a single incident where a person is punished by an unwarranted judgment. It is important that justice be upheld, but justice without benevolence was to be avoided at all cost. Sejong wished to make a country with justice and benevolence, not just a country with justice. Sejong saw the law and prison as an indispensable system in a reality where all kinds of people live together, but he also thought that the ultimate purpose of the system was to make people have a good understanding of the law and have them refrain from committing crimes. He had a dream to make a country with an empty prison. He deplored the fact that quite a number of inmates suffered death on an unfounded charge and tried to improve the quality of life of prison inmates, people whose situation was most vulnerable in the country. Then, what did Sejong do in his endeavor to ensure the prevention of unfair judgments? First, he improved the prison system. Sejong repeatedly emphasized that there should be no deaths of inmates from severe hot or cold weather, sickness, punishment out of the law, or torture, and he carried out an administration that confirmed no such deaths. Second, this benevolence showed itself in the measure he took to clear a person of false charges. The case of Yak No that took place in July 1433, in the 15th year of Sejongs reign, is a good example. Third, Sejong was opposed to punishing the people for their innocence about the law and for their acts of violation before the law was enacted. Forth, he made sure that not only the criminal himself but also the people around him knew the essence of the crime committed and punished accordingly so that people took caution against the crime. And fifth, he requested his law officials to put themselves in anothers place before adjudging. This is the essence of King Sejongs Confucian spirit of law

    ๆญฃ็ฅ–ใฎ่–็Ž‹่ซ–ใจๆ›ดๅผตๆ”ฟ็ญ–

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณผ,1999.Docto

    ์ •์กฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๅ…ฌ่ซ– ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ่‡บ่ซซ์˜ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๅ„’็”Ÿ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ƒ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๆญฃ็ฅ–์˜ ์ •์น˜์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋‹น์‹œ ๅ…ฌ่ซ–์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์กฐ์„ ์กฐ ์ •์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณต๋ก ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •์กฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณต๋ก ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ธ๋ก ไธ‰ๅธ์˜ ํ™œ๋™(ๅœจๆœ์–ธ๋ก )๊ณผ ์žฌ์•ผ ์œ ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ(ๅœจ้‡Ž์–ธ๋ก )๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์กฐ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณต๋ก ์€ ๅœจๆœ ์ฐจ์›์ด๋‚˜ ๅœจ้‡Ž ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ„์ถ•๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ฐ„๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์€ ์–ธ๊ด€๊ถŒ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ๋ น ์„ค์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์žฌ์•ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฆผ(๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ)์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ์—ญ์‹œ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ•๋‹น์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์—ด๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์กฐ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ํ›„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ธˆ๋ น์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ธ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์žฌ์•ผ ์œ ์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ƒ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋™์›ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ถ”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ตญ์™•์˜ ์ž์˜์ ์ธ ํ†ต์น˜์™€ ๋…์ฃผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๋ก ์ •์น˜์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ์กฐ ์ •์น˜์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฌ์ œ์žฅ์น˜์˜€๋˜ ๋Œ€๊ฐ„๊ถŒ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์•ผ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์„ธ๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ด ์‹ค์ถ”๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™•๊ถŒ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‚˜, ์œ ๊ต๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ถ•๊ดด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค
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