55 research outputs found
Effect of ginseng on lipid metabolism(The Effect of Ginseng on Lipid Metabolism of Chicks)
The effect of long term administration of ginseng
extract on lipid metabolism of chicks was studied.
The chicks were fed for 24 months with the di t
containing ginseng extract (0.4gm/kg body weight).
From blood serum. the neutral fat was extracted and
analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography.
The results are as follow.
1. The total fat content of serum was significantly
increased by long term administration of ginseng.
2. The concentration of cholesterol ester was not
different from control group compared with ginsengtreated
group. but the concentratoin of cholesterol was greately increased by ginseng treatment.
3. The free fatty acid concentration of serum 'did
not show any difference between control group and
ginseng-treated group but the concentration of
triglyceride was significantly increased by long
term administration of ginseng.
4. The fatty acid composition of serum did not show
any difference between control group and ginsengtreated
group, It suggest that the lipid metabolism
of chicks might be greately influenced by long term
administration of ginseng extract
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Appendix 187
Abstract 193Docto
(A)Study on the Estimated Income Taxation System in Korea : a comparison of standard income rate method, basic expense rate method and revenue-minus-expense method
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :κ²½μνκ³Ό κ²½μνμ 곡,2002.Docto
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The Effect of d-amphetamine on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindole 3-acetic acid and the activity of monoamine oxidase of rat brain
Amphetamine causes a variety of CNS stimulating
effects and various behavioral changes in men and
animals, which were first described by Piness (1930)
and Alles et al. (1933). It is well known that amphetamine
induces psychosis closely mimicking paran<
lid schizophrenia, and has been used as a research
tool for the etiologic role of Schizophrenia.
Many investigators have generally believed that
.amphetarnine was a prototype activator of catecholamine
mechanisms in the CNS, but more recent findings
strongly suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine(5HT)
is involved in, at least, some of the effects of d.
amphetarnine.
Also, d-arnphetamine has been known to be a
reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO)
'with a preference for MAO type A in vitro.
This present study was set up to determine if, and
'to what extent, the turnover of 5-HT is influenced
>by d-amphetamine administration.
5-HT and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole.::
J-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined fluorometri-
cally at various times after the intraperitioneal inje.
ction of d-amphetamine (2mg/kg) by the combined
method of Curzon and Green (1970), and Shellenberger
et al. ('71). Monoamine oxidase activity of
whole brain towards the substrate kynuriamine was
.measured by the modified method of Kraml('65). Following results were obtained:
1. 5-HT level showed a maximal increase (126. 6%
of control) at 15 min post-injection and increase
lasted for 30 min, and thereafter 5-HT decreased till
24 hr post- injection, and returned to nearly control
level at 48 hr after injection.
2. 5-HIAA level began to decrease at 30 min postinjection,
reaching lowest levels at approximately the
1 hr-4 hr post-iniection (78% of control), and returned
to control level at 24 hr after injection, and
thereafter the level increased to HI. 7% of control
at 48 hr post-injection.
3. MAO activity showed the lowest level at 15
min post-iniection (86. 9% of control), and thereafter
slightly low activity persisted (90. 3%~97. 1% of
control), till 2 hr post-injection, MAO activity began
to increase at 4 hr. post-injection, reaching the
highest level at 24 hr post-injection (142.7% of
control).
4. 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio began to decrease at 15
min post-injection, and decrease lasted for 2 hrs.
Thereafter, the ratio showed to increase, reaching
the highest value at 24 hr after injection (141.1%
of control).
We strongly suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine
turnover is influenced by d-amphetamine administration
through the effect on the activity of monoamine
oxidase
The Effects of Various Experimental Conditions on Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca+ ATPase Activities of Red Blood Cell Membrane Fragments
It has been shown that the red cell membrane
has an active mechanism for transporting
Ca++ out of red blood cells (Lee et al.
1969; Olson et al. 1969; Schatzman, 1966;
Schatzman et al. 1969). A Ca++-activated
ATPase, in the presence of Mg++(Ca++ ATPase)
, appears to provide the energy for the
Ca++ extrusion process (Schatzman et aI, 19
69; Vincenzi et al, 1967). On the other hand
it is well established that a NaLKLactivated
ATPase(NaLK+ ATPase) is an integral part
of the red cell membrane and provides the
energy for outward extrusion of Na+(Post et
al. 1960; Skou, 1965). In view of the apparent
localization of these two ATPases for
transport of Na+ and Ca++ in the cell membrane,
it would be of interest to study the
relationship between these ATPases.
In the present investigation, the effects of
various experimental conditions on Na+-K+
ATPase, on the one hand, and the Ca+ε
ATPase, on the other, were studied, employing
red blood cell membrane fragments.
The results indicate that these two ATPases
share many common characteristics. but they are two distinctly different enzyme systems,
located in the same cellular membrane
Effect of Elementary School Entrance Age on Academic Achievement of Gifted Students in Science Education Institute for the Gifted
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λ₯λ ₯μ μ§λλ κ²μ μλλΌλ κ²°λ‘ μ΄ λ΄λ €μ‘λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ μΌλ°μλ³΄λ€ λ°λ¬ μ λκ° λΉ λ₯΄κ³ λ°μ΄λ λ₯λ ₯μ μμ ν μμ¬μ λ€λ₯Έ μλμ λΉν΄ μλμ μΌλ‘ λμ λ°λ¬ κ°λ₯μ±μ μ§λκ³ μλ μ°μμλ€μκ² μ ν©ν μ
ν μ λμ κ΅μ‘μ μ±
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The gap in academic achievement owing to entrance age in elementary school has been used as important basic data to formulate policies on school entrance system and other educational policies. Other countries have made further studies to prove the effect on academic achievement of age gap between students in the same grade. This study identified the difference in academic achievements between the participants and the successful candidates based on the by entrance age during the entrance examination of the "K" center for gifted students. Also, this study analyzed the difference in academic achievements depending on the season of birth between the participants and the successful candidates during the entrance examination. It also compared the birth ratio by season of each group including common students. Some preceding studies with common or backward students show the result that students who entered the school in full age have higher level of academic achievements than students in younger age. But the results of this study proved that gifted students who entered the school in full age did not have a high level of academic achievements. The results of this study can be used in formulating policies for gifted and brilliant students with excellent academic achievements
Pharmacological Studies on the Cardiotonic Substance from Aconiti tuber
A chloroform insoluble, and n-butanol extractable
fraction from Aconiti tuber has been recently known
to have cardiostimulatory effect. The Aconiti tuber
butanol fraction elicited a potent positive inotropic
effect on the isolated cardiac muscle preparations of
various animals including rat, rabbit and cat. It
increased the rate and the intensity of the developed
isometric tension , while shortened the time from
onset of contraction to peak tension and the total
duration of contraction. In contrast with digitalis
cardiac glycoside , it does not show the animal species
differenee in the positive inotropic effect, and produces
no toxic signs by a 1000 fold concentration of minimal
positive inotropic dose.
In the afterloaded simultaneous isotonic and isorne
tric contraction of cat papillary muscle , Aconiti tuber
butanol fraction increased the maximal velocity of
shortening and the maximal developed force , however
it had no appreciable influence on the properties of
the series elastic component of the muscle contractile
model.
The excitability of the isolated rabbit atrium increased
slightly at low concentration(β’:;x 1O- ' g/ml) ,
while decreased at higher concentration, and the
refractory period of right atrium was slightly prolonged
at 2 x 10-3g/ml.
Analyzing the relation of the positive inotropic
effect of Aconiti tuber butanol fraction to the frequency
of contraction, more powerful inotropic effect
was produced at shorter stimulation interval. The
cumulated positive inotropic effect of activation
(PIEA) and the amount of PIEA produced by each
contraction increased significantly with the higher
stimulation frequency either
In contrast to digitalis cardiac glycoside , Aconiti
tuber butanol fraction did not show potassium dcpendency
in the positive inotropic effect. It produced
almost same increment of isometric tension and elF/
dt at varying concentrations of extracellular patassium.
However, the dependency of the inotropic effect
of Aconiti tuber on the extracellular calcium has been
observed , and a synergistic or additive action could
be demonstrated between two substances.
Aconiti tuber butanol fraction in concentration of
10-7 -10-2g/ml does not seem to have direct eficct
on either the cardiac contractile proteins or ATP ase
of actomyosin, but the membrane bound Na-K-ATPase
activity was markedly inhibited in the usual inotropic
concentrations.
In anesthetized rabbit, heart rate and left Ξ³entricular
pressure were reduced by Aconiti tuber butanol fraction.
It caused a slight and variable incrcase in
cardiac out-put and carotid blood flow, but systemic
arterial pressure decreased in a dose-dependent manner
A Study on Corporate Income Tax Smoothing
This study constructs a stylized corporate income tax smoothing model in a gametheoretic
tax compliance model setting. Many prior studies have given empirical evidence
that there exists income tax smoothing as a prevailing corporate behavior in Korea. However,
these studies do not provide theoretical explanation about the smoothing phenomenon. The
purpose of this study is to investigate analytically the effect of corporate income tax
smoothing behavior on the tax agencys audit probability and its detection probability that
additional taxes are collected.
The main results from this study are as follows: (1) The tax agencys audit probability is
higher for a conforming report that a firm uses reserves as a means of income tax smoothing
in order to minimize his tax liability in both of the two consecutive periods than audit
probability for a non-conforming report that a firm uses reserves in only one period. (2) The
probability detecting understatements of tax liability conditional on being selected for audit is
the same in both the conforming and non-conforming report
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