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    Effect of ginseng on lipid metabolism(The Effect of Ginseng on Lipid Metabolism of Chicks)

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    The effect of long term administration of ginseng extract on lipid metabolism of chicks was studied. The chicks were fed for 24 months with the di t containing ginseng extract (0.4gm/kg body weight). From blood serum. the neutral fat was extracted and analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The results are as follow. 1. The total fat content of serum was significantly increased by long term administration of ginseng. 2. The concentration of cholesterol ester was not different from control group compared with ginsengtreated group. but the concentratoin of cholesterol was greately increased by ginseng treatment. 3. The free fatty acid concentration of serum 'did not show any difference between control group and ginseng-treated group but the concentration of triglyceride was significantly increased by long term administration of ginseng. 4. The fatty acid composition of serum did not show any difference between control group and ginsengtreated group, It suggest that the lipid metabolism of chicks might be greately influenced by long term administration of ginseng extract

    μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ‹λ¬Όμ‹ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ 뢄석 및 이에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ 우리 μ œλ„μ˜ λ°œμ „λ°©μ•ˆ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 식물생산과학뢀 μž‘λ¬Όμƒλͺ…κ³Όν•™ 전곡, 2016. 2. 고희쒅.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•œμ§€ 18여년이 μ§€λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ™Έμ μœΌλ‘œ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λ„μž…β€€μ •μ°©μ‹œν‚¨ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 평가받고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, μ œλ„μ‹œν–‰ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μ œλ„κ΄€λ ¨ 제반 여건변화λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν•œλ‹¨κ³„ 더 도약해야 ν•  μ‹œμ μ— μžˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ μ„ μ§„μ§€λ‘œ 평가받고 μžˆλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ œλ„λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  이에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ μ œλ„ λ°œμ „λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1995λ…„ λ„μž…λœ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„λŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ·œμ •(κΈ°λ³Έκ·œμ •)에 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ—¬ 운영되고 있으며, μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ(CPVO)에 ν•œ 번의 μΆœμ›μœΌλ‘œ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©(EU) 28개 νšŒμ›κ΅­μ—μ„œ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έ λ“±λ‘ν’ˆμ’…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 배타적인 ꢌ리λ₯Ό λˆ„λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” 효율적인 μ œλ„μ΄λ‹€. μΆœμ›λ£ŒλŠ” 650유둜이고 μ—°κ°„ μ‹¬μ‚¬λ£ŒλŠ” μž‘λ¬Ό κ·Έλ£Ήλ³„λ‘œ 1,430∼3,210유둜 λ²”μœ„μ΄λ©° μ—°κ°„ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έλ£ŒλŠ” μž‘λ¬Όμ— 상관없이 250μœ λ‘œμ΄λ‹€. 2013년도 μΆœμ›κ±΄μˆ˜λŠ” 3,297건으둜 μ œλ„ λ„μž…ν›„ μ΅œλŒ€ μΆœμ›κ±΄μˆ˜λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€κ³  ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ 섀립이후 50개ꡭ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆœμ›μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, 거의 맀년 1/3이상은 λ„€λœλž€λ“œ(2013λ…„ 1,226건)μ—μ„œ μΆœμ›λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 2013년도 ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έ λ“±λ‘κ±΄μˆ˜λŠ” 2,706건으둜 μ—­λŒ€ 졜고 μΆœμ›κ±΄μˆ˜λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€κ³  2013년말 ν˜„μž¬ μœ μ§€λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜ΈκΆŒμ€ 21,576건이닀. κΈ°λ³Έκ·œμ •μ€ κ΅­μ œμ‹λ¬Όμ‹ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ—°λ§Ή(UPOV)의 1991ν˜‘μ•½μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ κΆŒλ¦¬λ²”μœ„κ°€ 1978ν˜‘μ•½μ— λΉ„ν•΄ ν™•λŒ€λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ μˆ˜ν™•λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬λ²”μœ„κ°€ ꡬ체적으둜 κΈ°μˆ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μœ‘μ’…κ°€κΆŒλ¦¬μ˜ μ‚¬κ°μ§€λŒ€κ°€ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μž ν—ˆμš© 쑰항에 따라 농업인은 일뢀 λ†μž‘λ¬Όλ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 일반적인 λ‘œμ—΄ν‹°λ³΄λ‹€ 적은 κΈˆμ•‘μ˜ λ‘œμ—΄ν‹°λ‘œ μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μžλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μœ‘μ’…κ°€λŠ” μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μž μ‚¬μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보 νšλ“μ˜ 어렀움 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λ‘œμ—΄ν‹° μ§•μˆ˜μ— 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλ‹€. κΈ°λ³Έμœ λž˜ν’ˆμ’… 쑰항은 μœ‘μ’…κ°€μ˜ˆμ™Έ 쑰항에 μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μ‚¬Β·λ³΅μ œ ν’ˆμ’… 문제λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κΈ°λ³Έμœ λž˜ν’ˆμ’… μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” ν‘œμ€€ ν”„λ‘œν† μ½œμ΄λ‚˜ μž„κ³„μΉ˜κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 싀정이닀. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ—­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‘°ν™”λœ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„κ°€ 운영되고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μœ‘μ’…κ°€μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬ν–‰μ‚¬ 여건은 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© νšŒμ›κ΅­λ³„λ‘œ 차이가 큰 편이며 μΌλΆ€μ˜ 경우 κΆŒλ¦¬μΉ¨ν•΄ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 상황이닀. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ—­λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ²”κ΅­κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ 운영되고 μžˆλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„κ°€ ν•œμΈ΅ 더 λ°œμ „ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보인닀. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 1995λ…„ μ’…μžμ‚°μ—…λ²•μ„ μ œμ •ν•˜κ³  1997λ…„ 12μ›” 31일 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 2013λ…„μ—λŠ” 이 법을 μ’…μžμ‚°μ—…λ²•(μ „λΆ€κ°œμ •)κ³Ό μ‹λ¬Όμ‹ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έλ²•(μ œμ •)으둜 λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜κ³  ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„λ₯Ό 독립적인 법 μ²΄κ³„ν•˜μ—μ„œ μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©κ³Ό μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λͺ¨λ‘ κ΅­μ œμ‹λ¬Όμ‹ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ—°λ§Ή(UPOV)의 1991ν˜‘μ•½μ„ μ±„νƒν•˜μ˜€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 큰 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ™€ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ œλ„λŠ” λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ•½κ°„μ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μžˆλ‹€. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ(CPVO)κ°€ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  있으며 제반 심사 μ ˆμ°¨μ€‘ DUSμ‹¬μ‚¬λŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© νšŒμ›κ΅­μ— μœ„νƒν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이에 λΉ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 3개 κΈ°κ΄€(κ΅­λ¦½μ’…μžμ›, κ΅­λ¦½μ‚°λ¦Όν’ˆμ’…κ΄€λ¦¬μ„Όν„°, μˆ˜μ‚°μ‹λ¬Όν’ˆμ’…κ΄€λ¦¬μ„Όν„°)μ—μ„œ μ‹λ¬Όμœ ν˜•λ³„λ‘œ 업무λ₯Ό λΆ„μž₯ν•˜μ—¬ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  있으며 각 운영 κΈ°κ΄€μ—μ„œ DUS심사도 같이 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜ΈκΆŒ 쑴속기간은 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ΄ 25년인데 λΉ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 20λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ•½κ°„ 짧은 νŽΈμ΄μ§€λ§Œ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έ κ΄€λ ¨ μˆ˜μˆ˜λ£ŒλŠ” μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌκ°€ μ €λ ΄ν•œ νŽΈμ΄λ‹€. μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μžμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜ΈκΆŒμ„ μ œν•œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œλŠ” 8개 μ‚¬λ£Œμž‘λ¬Ό, 9개 곑λ₯˜μž‘λ¬Ό, 감자, 3개 μœ μ§€Β·μ„¬μœ μž‘λ¬Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μžκ°€μ±„μ’…μ„ ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ™€ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜κ³  μ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ°œμ „μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ³Ό λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„κ°€ λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•  λ°©ν–₯은 첫째, 3개 ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ μš΄μ˜κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯μ΄λ‚˜ 역할을 정립할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μœ‘μ’…κ°€κ°€ μΆœμ›μ„œλ₯˜λ₯Ό μž‘μ„±ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄ λŠλΌλŠ” 어렀움과 뢀담을 ν•΄μ†Œν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜ΈκΆŒ μΉ¨ν•΄(μ˜μ‹¬) λΆ„μŸμ„ κ³΅μ •ν•˜κ³ λ„ μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 여건을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  ν’ˆμ’…κ°„ 기본유래 관계 μ—¬λΆ€ μž…μ¦μ„ μœ„ν•œ 방법과 μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, λ†μ—…μΈμ˜ μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μž μ‚¬μš©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 법 κ·œμ •μ„ λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ‹€μ„―μ§Έ, λ™μ•„μ‹œμ•„ 지역 κ΅­κ°€κ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯κ³Ό 지원을 ν™•λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ ν–₯ν›„ 이 μ§€μ—­μ˜ ν’ˆμ’… νŠΉμ„±μ—°κ΅¬, ν’ˆμ’…λ“±λ‘ 및 κ΄€λ ¨λΆ„μ•Ό μ „λ¬ΈκΈ°κ΄€μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μž…μ§€λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ³ μ•Όμ˜μ •μ„œμ˜ κ΅­λ‚΄ λΉ„μ€€κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ λ²•λ Ήμ˜ μ œμ •μ— λŒ€λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ–‘ μ œλ„κ°„μ˜ 상좩을 막고 κ΅­λ‚΄ μœ‘μ„± μ‹ ν’ˆμ’…μ˜ ν•΄μ™ΈμΆœμ›μ„ μ§€μ›ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜κ³ μ•Ό μ˜μ •μ„œκ°€ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ— λ―ΈμΉ  영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ 사전 κ²€ν† ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. ꢁ극적으둜 ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ‘μ’…κ°€μ˜ 신뒰도와 μ œλ„μš΄μ˜μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„ μ œκ³ ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹ ν’ˆμ’… μœ‘μ„±μ„ ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 동 μ œλ„κ°€ 우리 농업 및 μ’…μžμ‚°μ—… λ°œμ „μ— μ΄λ°”μ§€ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜λ©°, λ™μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ ν’ˆμ’…β€€μ’…μž λΆ„μ•Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œ κ±°λ“­λ‚˜μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ£Όμš”μ–΄ : ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έ, μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ·œμ •(κΈ°λ³Έκ·œμ •), μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ(CPVO), μœ‘μ’…κ°€κΆŒλ¦¬, κ΅¬λ³„μ„±β€€κ· μΌμ„±β€€μ•ˆμ •μ„±(DUS), κ΅­μ œμ‹λ¬Όμ‹ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ—°λ§Ή(UPOV)제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½ 1 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±κ³Ό λͺ©μ  3 제 3 절 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ ꡬ성 7 제 2 μž₯ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ 운영 ν˜„ν™© 8 제 1 절 μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ°°κ²½ 8 제 2 절 μ œλ„ κ°œμš” 11 제 3 절 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ‚¬λ¬΄μ†Œ 12 제 4 절 μΆœμ›λ“±λ‘ ν˜„ν™© 14 제 3 μž₯ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ 뢄석 30 제 1 절 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„ μ£Όμš” λ‚΄μš© 30 β… . μœ‘μ’…κ°€κΆŒλ¦¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„ 30 β…‘. ꢌ리 쑴속 κΈ°κ°„ 36 β…’. μžκ°€μ±„μ’… μ’…μž ν—ˆμš© 42 β…£. μœ‘μ’…κ°€ μ˜ˆμ™Έ 64 β…€. κΈ°λ³Έμœ λž˜ν’ˆμ’… 65 β…₯. μ œλ„ μš΄μ˜κΈ°κ΄€ 및 심사기쀀 69 β…¦. κΈ°μˆ μ‹¬μ‚¬μ˜ μœ„νƒ 73 β…§. κ΄€λ ¨ 수수료 76 β…¨. μœ‘μ’…κ°€μ˜ ꢌ리 행사 81 제 2 절 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ œλ„λΆ„μ•Όμ™€μ˜ 관계 88 β… . μ’…μžλ²ˆμ‹λ¬Ό λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ… κ·œμ •κ³Όμ˜ 관계 88 β…‘. μœ μ „μžμ› 및 κ΄€λ ¨ μ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 관계 93 β…’. λ‹€λ₯Έ μ§€μ‹μž¬μ‚°μ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 관계 103 β…£. 기타 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ •μ±…κ³Όμ˜ 관계 108 β…€. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© νšŒμ›κ΅­ 자체 ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 관계 111 제 3 절 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„κ°€ 미친 영ν–₯ 115 β… . μ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—…, μ€‘μ†Œλ†κ°€, μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ—κ²Œ 미친 영ν–₯ 115 β…‘. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ’…μžμ‚°μ—…κ³Όμ˜ κ΄€λ ¨μ„± 119 β…’. 제3κ΅­ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ— 미친 영ν–₯ 134 제 4 μž₯ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ— κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ˜ λ°œμ „λ°©ν–₯ 139 제 1 절 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜Έμ œλ„μ˜ κ°œμš” 139 제 2 절 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© μ œλ„μ™€ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ μ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 비ꡐ 142 제 3 절 μœ‘μ’…κ°€κΆŒλ¦¬ λ²”μœ„ 및 μžκ°€μ±„μ’… ν—ˆμš© κ·œμ •μ˜ λͺ…ν™•ν™” 146 제 4 절 μ œλ„ μš΄μ˜κΈ°κ΄€κ°„ κΈ°λŠ₯ μž¬μ •λ¦½ 150 제 5 절 μΆœμ›μ„œλ₯˜ μž‘μ„± λΆ€λ‹΄ 경감 152 제 6 절 ν’ˆμ’…λ³΄ν˜ΈκΆŒ μΉ¨ν•΄ λŒ€μ‘ 및 μœ‘μ’…κ°€κΆŒλ¦¬ 행사 여건 μ‘°μ„± 155 제 7 절 λ™μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ§€μ—­ κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯ 및 지원 ν™•λŒ€ 167 제 8 절 λ‚˜κ³ μ•Ό μ˜μ •μ„œ λ°œνš¨μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 영ν–₯ 사전 뢄석 172 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  174 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 178 Appendix 187 Abstract 193Docto

    (A)Study on the Estimated Income Taxation System in Korea : a comparison of standard income rate method, basic expense rate method and revenue-minus-expense method

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :κ²½μ˜ν•™κ³Ό κ²½μ˜ν•™μ „κ³΅,2002.Docto

    RAPD 및 SSR 뢄석에 μ˜ν•œ Japonica λ²Ό ν’ˆμ’…κ°„ μœ μ „μ  μœ μ‚¬λ„μ™€ Fβ‚μ—μ„œ μž‘μ’…κ°•μ„Έμ™€μ˜ 관계

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :농학과 μž‘λ¬Όμœ μ „μœ‘μ’…ν•™μ „κ³΅,1999.Maste

    The Effect of d-amphetamine on the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindole 3-acetic acid and the activity of monoamine oxidase of rat brain

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    Amphetamine causes a variety of CNS stimulating effects and various behavioral changes in men and animals, which were first described by Piness (1930) and Alles et al. (1933). It is well known that amphetamine induces psychosis closely mimicking paran< lid schizophrenia, and has been used as a research tool for the etiologic role of Schizophrenia. Many investigators have generally believed that .amphetarnine was a prototype activator of catecholamine mechanisms in the CNS, but more recent findings strongly suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine(5HT) is involved in, at least, some of the effects of d. amphetarnine. Also, d-arnphetamine has been known to be a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) 'with a preference for MAO type A in vitro. This present study was set up to determine if, and 'to what extent, the turnover of 5-HT is influenced >by d-amphetamine administration. 5-HT and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindole.:: J-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined fluorometri- cally at various times after the intraperitioneal inje. ction of d-amphetamine (2mg/kg) by the combined method of Curzon and Green (1970), and Shellenberger et al. ('71). Monoamine oxidase activity of whole brain towards the substrate kynuriamine was .measured by the modified method of Kraml('65). Following results were obtained: 1. 5-HT level showed a maximal increase (126. 6% of control) at 15 min post-injection and increase lasted for 30 min, and thereafter 5-HT decreased till 24 hr post- injection, and returned to nearly control level at 48 hr after injection. 2. 5-HIAA level began to decrease at 30 min postinjection, reaching lowest levels at approximately the 1 hr-4 hr post-iniection (78% of control), and returned to control level at 24 hr after injection, and thereafter the level increased to HI. 7% of control at 48 hr post-injection. 3. MAO activity showed the lowest level at 15 min post-iniection (86. 9% of control), and thereafter slightly low activity persisted (90. 3%~97. 1% of control), till 2 hr post-injection, MAO activity began to increase at 4 hr. post-injection, reaching the highest level at 24 hr post-injection (142.7% of control). 4. 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio began to decrease at 15 min post-injection, and decrease lasted for 2 hrs. Thereafter, the ratio showed to increase, reaching the highest value at 24 hr after injection (141.1% of control). We strongly suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover is influenced by d-amphetamine administration through the effect on the activity of monoamine oxidase

    The Effects of Various Experimental Conditions on Na+-K+ ATPase and Ca+ ATPase Activities of Red Blood Cell Membrane Fragments

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    It has been shown that the red cell membrane has an active mechanism for transporting Ca++ out of red blood cells (Lee et al. 1969; Olson et al. 1969; Schatzman, 1966; Schatzman et al. 1969). A Ca++-activated ATPase, in the presence of Mg++(Ca++ ATPase) , appears to provide the energy for the Ca++ extrusion process (Schatzman et aI, 19 69; Vincenzi et al, 1967). On the other hand it is well established that a NaLKLactivated ATPase(NaLK+ ATPase) is an integral part of the red cell membrane and provides the energy for outward extrusion of Na+(Post et al. 1960; Skou, 1965). In view of the apparent localization of these two ATPases for transport of Na+ and Ca++ in the cell membrane, it would be of interest to study the relationship between these ATPases. In the present investigation, the effects of various experimental conditions on Na+-K+ ATPase, on the one hand, and the Ca+十 ATPase, on the other, were studied, employing red blood cell membrane fragments. The results indicate that these two ATPases share many common characteristics. but they are two distinctly different enzyme systems, located in the same cellular membrane

    Effect of Elementary School Entrance Age on Academic Achievement of Gifted Students in Science Education Institute for the Gifted

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    μ•„λ™μ˜ 학ꡐ μž…ν•™ 연령에 λ”°λ₯Έ ν•™μ—… λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ°¨λŠ” 학ꡐ μž…ν•™ μ œλ„λ‚˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 ꡐ윑 정책을 μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μžˆμ–΄ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κΈ°λ³Έ 자료둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  있으며 이에 따라 세계 κ°κ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” μΆœμƒ 월에 μ˜ν•΄ 동 ν•™λ…„ 아동 사이에 μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λŠ” μ—°λ Ήμ°¨κ°€ μ΄λ“€μ˜ ν•™μ—… λŠ₯λ ₯에 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 진행해 였고 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황 ν•˜μ— λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λΆ€ κ³Όν•™μž¬λ‹¨ 지정 K μ˜μž¬κ΅μœ‘μ›μ—μ„œ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜λŠ” 영재 μ„ λ°œ 과정에 μ‘μ‹œν•œ μ΄ˆγ†μ€‘λ“± 아동과 영재둜 μ„ λ°œλœ 아동을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆœμƒ κ³„μ ˆμ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν•™μ—… λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ°¨λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜μœΌλ©° μ΄ˆγ†μ€‘λ“± 영재 μ„ λ°œ μ‘μ‹œ 아동 및 μ΅œμ’… μ„ λ°œλœ μ˜μž¬μ•„μ˜ μΆœμƒ κ³„μ ˆλ³„ ν•™μ—… λŠ₯λ ₯의 μ°¨λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΌλ°˜μ•„μ™€ 뢀진아λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 동 학년에 λΉ„ν•΄ 학ꡐλ₯Ό 일찍 μž…ν•™ν•œ 아동이 늦게 μž…ν•™ν•œ 아동보닀 더 μš°μˆ˜ν•œ ν•™μ—…λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹Œλ‹€λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ μ˜μž¬μ•„μ™€ μš°μˆ˜μ•„λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 아동에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ‚˜μ΄κ°€ μ°¨μ„œ 학ꡐλ₯Ό μž…ν•™ν•œ 아동이 높은 ν•™μ—…λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹ˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 결둠이 λ‚΄λ €μ‘Œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μΌλ°˜μ•„λ³΄λ‹€ λ°œλ‹¬ 정도가 λΉ λ₯΄κ³  λ›°μ–΄λ‚œ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ†Œμœ ν•œ μ˜μž¬μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 아동에 λΉ„ν•΄ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 높은 λ°œλ‹¬ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλŠ” μš°μˆ˜μ•„λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ ν•©ν•œ μž…ν•™ μ œλ„μ™€ κ΅μœ‘μ •μ±…μ„ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기초 자료둜 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€. The gap in academic achievement owing to entrance age in elementary school has been used as important basic data to formulate policies on school entrance system and other educational policies. Other countries have made further studies to prove the effect on academic achievement of age gap between students in the same grade. This study identified the difference in academic achievements between the participants and the successful candidates based on the by entrance age during the entrance examination of the "K" center for gifted students. Also, this study analyzed the difference in academic achievements depending on the season of birth between the participants and the successful candidates during the entrance examination. It also compared the birth ratio by season of each group including common students. Some preceding studies with common or backward students show the result that students who entered the school in full age have higher level of academic achievements than students in younger age. But the results of this study proved that gifted students who entered the school in full age did not have a high level of academic achievements. The results of this study can be used in formulating policies for gifted and brilliant students with excellent academic achievements

    Book Review: Rome and christianity

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    Pharmacological Studies on the Cardiotonic Substance from Aconiti tuber

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    A chloroform insoluble, and n-butanol extractable fraction from Aconiti tuber has been recently known to have cardiostimulatory effect. The Aconiti tuber butanol fraction elicited a potent positive inotropic effect on the isolated cardiac muscle preparations of various animals including rat, rabbit and cat. It increased the rate and the intensity of the developed isometric tension , while shortened the time from onset of contraction to peak tension and the total duration of contraction. In contrast with digitalis cardiac glycoside , it does not show the animal species differenee in the positive inotropic effect, and produces no toxic signs by a 1000 fold concentration of minimal positive inotropic dose. In the afterloaded simultaneous isotonic and isorne tric contraction of cat papillary muscle , Aconiti tuber butanol fraction increased the maximal velocity of shortening and the maximal developed force , however it had no appreciable influence on the properties of the series elastic component of the muscle contractile model. The excitability of the isolated rabbit atrium increased slightly at low concentration(β€’:;x 1O- ' g/ml) , while decreased at higher concentration, and the refractory period of right atrium was slightly prolonged at 2 x 10-3g/ml. Analyzing the relation of the positive inotropic effect of Aconiti tuber butanol fraction to the frequency of contraction, more powerful inotropic effect was produced at shorter stimulation interval. The cumulated positive inotropic effect of activation (PIEA) and the amount of PIEA produced by each contraction increased significantly with the higher stimulation frequency either In contrast to digitalis cardiac glycoside , Aconiti tuber butanol fraction did not show potassium dcpendency in the positive inotropic effect. It produced almost same increment of isometric tension and elF/ dt at varying concentrations of extracellular patassium. However, the dependency of the inotropic effect of Aconiti tuber on the extracellular calcium has been observed , and a synergistic or additive action could be demonstrated between two substances. Aconiti tuber butanol fraction in concentration of 10-7 -10-2g/ml does not seem to have direct eficct on either the cardiac contractile proteins or ATP ase of actomyosin, but the membrane bound Na-K-ATPase activity was markedly inhibited in the usual inotropic concentrations. In anesthetized rabbit, heart rate and left Ξ³entricular pressure were reduced by Aconiti tuber butanol fraction. It caused a slight and variable incrcase in cardiac out-put and carotid blood flow, but systemic arterial pressure decreased in a dose-dependent manner

    A Study on Corporate Income Tax Smoothing

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    This study constructs a stylized corporate income tax smoothing model in a gametheoretic tax compliance model setting. Many prior studies have given empirical evidence that there exists income tax smoothing as a prevailing corporate behavior in Korea. However, these studies do not provide theoretical explanation about the smoothing phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically the effect of corporate income tax smoothing behavior on the tax agencys audit probability and its detection probability that additional taxes are collected. The main results from this study are as follows: (1) The tax agencys audit probability is higher for a conforming report that a firm uses reserves as a means of income tax smoothing in order to minimize his tax liability in both of the two consecutive periods than audit probability for a non-conforming report that a firm uses reserves in only one period. (2) The probability detecting understatements of tax liability conditional on being selected for audit is the same in both the conforming and non-conforming report
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