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    The Nature and Task of Ethics from the Perspective of Wittgenstein

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŠธ๊ฒ์Šˆํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ใ€Ž๋…ผ๋ฆฌใ†์ฒ ํ•™ ๋…ผ๊ณ ใ€์™€ ใ€Œ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™ ๊ฐ•์˜ใ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋…ผ์ง€์™€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณผํ•™์ ใ†์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์˜ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ๋ง๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜)์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋„Œ์„ผ์Šค์ด์ž ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์˜ค์šฉ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜์ด์ž ๋˜ํ•œ ์กด๊ฒฝํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ‰ ์€์œ ๋‚˜ ์—ญ์„ค์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค.์…‹์งธ, ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด์ž ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ดˆ์›”์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์–ธ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ „์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ํŠนํžˆ ์œค๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ง€์‹ ๊ต์œก๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„๋•์ ใ†๋ฏธํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.๋„ท์งธ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์ง€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋กœ์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜์›์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ๋Š˜ ์„ธ์†์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋งค๋ชฐ๋˜์–ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นŠ๊ณ  ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์ค€๋‹ค.This essay tries to make clear the ethical thoughts of Wittgenstein through his Tractatus and "Lecture on Ethics." Its main theses and messages are as follows. First, ``ethics is what cannot be said (in ordinary language), for a value does not belong to the world (of facts).`` This argument tells us the inadequacy of justifying value on the basis of facts or explaining ethical will by virtue of scientific or psychological method. Second, ``ethics is to say what cannot be said. Thus it may be nonsense or misuse of language on the one hand, but it could also be a document of tendency in human mind which we cannot help respecting on the other hand.`` This argument implies that in ethics the metaphorical or paradoxical methods are worth noticing. Third, ``ethics is transcendental. The ethical capacity, which is given to human by nature, cannot be taught, but can be practiced only.`` This argument suggests that for ethics education, to cultivate ethical or esthetical sensitivity is more important than to teach knowledge. Fourth, ``ethical will, which is to try to change the limits of the world, can be justified of itself through a happy life, and it aims to contemplate life and the world from eternal perspective.`` This argument lets us realize the importance of the absolute value and of self reflection in this secularized world.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000001591/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000001591ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A075929DEPT_CD:714ACITE_RATE:0FILENAME:์ฒจ๋ถ€๋œ ๋‚ด์—ญ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.DEPT_NM:์œค๋ฆฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผEMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    A Reflection upon the Crisis of Korean Society: Seen from the Sinking of the Ferry Sewol

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    2014๋…„ 4์›”์˜ ์„ธ์›”ํ˜ธ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๋Š” 250๋ช…์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์Šน๊ฐ 304๋ช…์„ ํƒœ์šด ์ฑ„ ์นจ๋ชฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ํฌ์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋„ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ง€๋งŒ ์Šน๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ €๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์„ ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์— ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์•…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฐธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ์„  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ์„ธ์›”ํ˜ธ ์„ ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•ด๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์œ„๊ธฐ, ๋ถ€์ง„ํ•œ ์ง„์ƒ๊ทœ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ํ›„, ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ œ์ผ์ฃผ์˜, ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ, ์œ„ํ—˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ œ์ผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์•ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด์ต์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋น„์ •๊ทœ์ง์„ ์–‘์‚ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฒฌ์ œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฆฌ-์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ ค๋„ ์ข‹์„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณ ๋„์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…์ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ธˆ์„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋…์ผ์€ ์ด์ต๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์ „์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์„ธ์›”ํ˜ธ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋ช…์„ ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค. All Koreans were shocked and exasperated by the catastrophe of the ferry Sewol. The ship was sunken with 304 passengers including 250 high school students on board last April. The victim was too large in number, and the crewmen and the National Maritime Police neglected their duties to save the passengers. Some serious problems of the modern Korean society could be found in this incident. In this essay, problems from several points of view will be considered: problems seen from highschool students, the improper behavior of the crewmen and the National Maritime Police, and the unclear investigation process of the accident. Furthermore, some backgrounds of this incident will be considered: the supremacy of the economic development, neo-liberalism, corruption of the government, and a reflection from the viewpoint of the Risk Society. The supremacy of the economic development made people value profit above security. The neo-liberalism increased irregular jobs and therefore weakened the sense of responsibility from labourers. The corruption of the government resulted in lack of supervision in political, social organizations. Korea may now be called the corruption-accident society. If Korea wants to overcome this crisis and build a safe society, there should be a change in its structure and culture that have been formed during the high developing period. For this difficult task, the case of Germany will serve as a reference. Because Germany showed that profit could balance with security. If Korea cannot perform this task successfully, Korea cannot survive in the coming age
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