7 research outputs found
(The)Quantitative measurement of minimal erythema dose of narrow band UVB in psoriasis patients and correlation with skin color, skin phototype
Thesis (master`s)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μνκ³Ό νΌλΆκ³Όνμ 곡,2004.Maste
A Study on the Improvement of Legislation for the Response to the Invasive Aquatic Species by Ships
Shipping using the sea, which consists of 71% of the Earth's surface area, plays a very important role for mankind in the global era of the world. However, as trade volume increases in the global era, shipping activities increase in the seas around the world, and environmental damage caused by ships is an inevitable problem for mankind. Environmental damage caused by ships is not only marine pollution and air pollution, which are mainly dealt with, but also disturbance of the marine ecosystem is becoming a big problem, and the Invasive Aquatic Species(IAS) by ships is a typical cause. Invasive aquatic species are introduced in the form of ballast water, biofouling and that bring environmental damage that disturbs the marine ecosystem, human damage, and economic damage worldwide and facing a situation where measures need to take place.
To take action to these problems, existing international regulations such as the UNCLOS, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the IMO's Ballast Water Management Convention, International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, etc., and other International agreements and measures have come into force, but in the case of biofouling, there are insufficient parts because actions have taken place in the form of guidelines and not a convention, and since Invasive Aquatic Species is being actively discussed and conducted with continuous interest in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the IMO, etc., so with the existing agreements, and regarding the current measures and the understanding of international trends under discussion, will be find out. In addition, the purpose of this study is to review and analyze related legislation in major domestic and foreign countries to consider legal and institutional improvement measures to respond to the Republic of Korea's Invasive Aquatic Species.
International regulations to cope with this problem include the UNCLOS and the Convention on Biodiversity, the IMO's Ballast Water Management Convention, International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, etc., and international measures have been taken but in the case of biofouling, the IMO has insufficient response in the form of guidelines, not conventions, and discussions are active in the international community. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine legal and institutional improvement measures to respond to Invasive Aquatic Species in the Republic of Korea by identifying existing agreements and international trends and reviewing related laws in major domestic and foreign countries. The UNCLOS basically requires the parties to protect and preserve the marine environment, and the Convention on Biological Diversity also mandates the conservation of biodiversity and response to foreign species, but binding force is weakened without including specific details. In addition to the Ballast Water Management Convention, International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships, the 2011 Guidelines for the control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species also came into force, but this is a recommended guideline for some countries such as the United States and Australia.
In this study, international regulations and trends as well as domestic and foreign legislation are reviewed and analyzed to deduct the Republic of Korea's legal problems and suggest legal improvement on measures regarding Invasive Aquatic Species. For the legal problems and the subsequent improvement measures, firstly, legal action can take place for Invasive Aquatic Species that flow in the form of Ballast Water, because the Ballast Water Management Act exists domestically. But in the case of Biofouling, due to the lack of legal concept, domestic legal responses are not taking place, therefore it is necessary to amend the relevant Marine Environment Management Act and specify a legal definition of Biofouling. Secondly, there is a lack of institutional aspects because of the insufficient management of Biofouling. Now the current occurrence status of domestic Biofouling, the inflow status of Invasive Aquatic Species from overseas, removal method, the amount of waste generated from the removal process and the status of treatment after removal etc., is insufficient, and regular research on the actual condition and post-monitoring have not been made. In addition, institutional enactment is needed due to the qualification and safety standards of the removal of Biofouling that follow, as well as the definition of business being non-existent. Therefore the Marine Environment Management Act, must stipulate biofouling removal businesses, and based on this, βBiofouling Removal and Management System (tentative name)β should be enacted. Environmental damage, human damage, and economic damage, which are representative damages to harmful marine species, are organic to each other, and even looking at domestic marine species damage cases, there is a limit to distinguishing the scope of application due to the inability to manage disturbing species of marine ecosystems and harmful marine species of the Marine Ecosystem Act. Therefore, it is necessary to amend the law of the Marine Ecosystem Act. Lastly, the risk assessment of marine species also needs to be revised to the name of the definition according to the extent of damage, and some items in the risk assessment data are lacking, and there is room for omission without based on the criteria for the announced items, so due to the lack of objectivity and systematic management, risk-grade items should be added to the data to be evaluated, and the evaluation omission clause in the evaluation period of the notice should be removed to improve objective, regular and systematic evaluation. In this way, by reviewing and analyzing international regulations and trends and domestic and foreign legislation, we will derive legal and institutional problems related to invasive aquatic species due to ballast water and biofouling in the Republic of Korea, and present legal and institutional improvement measures to improve them.μ§κ΅¬ νλ©΄μ μ 71%λ‘ κ΅¬μ±λ λ°λ€λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νλ ν΄μ΄μ μ μΈκ³λ₯Ό 무λλ‘ νμ¬ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ κΈλ‘λ² μλμμ μΈλ₯μκ² λ§€μ° μ€μν μν μ νκ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κΈλ‘λ² μλμμ 무μλμ΄ μ¦κ°ν¨μ λ°λΌ μ μΈκ³μ λ°λ€μ ν΄μ΄νλ λν λ§μμ§λ©΄μ μ λ°μΌλ‘ μΈν νκ²½μ νΌν΄λ μΈλ₯μκ² νΌν μ μλ λ¬Έμ μ΄λ€. μ λ°μΌλ‘ μΈν νκ²½μ νΌν΄λ μ£Όλ‘ λ€λ€μ§λ ν΄μμ€μΌκ³Ό λκΈ°μ€μΌλΏλ§ μλλΌ ν΄μμνκ³ κ΅λ λν ν° λ¬Έμ κ° λκ³ μλλ°, μ λ°μΌλ‘ μΈν μΉ¨μ
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