22 research outputs found

    Length-Estimation of Targets in Road Environment for Automotive Radar

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    Master๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ FMCW ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋„๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์ถ”์ • ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์šฐ์„  ์ˆ˜์‹  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํด๋Ÿฌํ„ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  VTRS ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋นˆ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ESPRIT ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฐ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜, ๊ฐ๋„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ํ‘œ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ 2์ฐจ์› ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ-๊ฐ๋„ ๋งต์— ๋„์‹œํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฐ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ฐ ํ‘œ์ ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋„๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์ถ”์ • ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ๊ตํ†ต์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ณ„ํš์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This paper proposes a method to estimate length of targets in a road environment using a frequency-modulation continuous waveform radar sensor. The proposed methods utilize signal-processing technique to estimate the length of each target that are moving in the road environment. To estimate the length of targets, the proposed length-estimation system preprocesses the reflected signals to suppress unwanted signals like clutter signals. Then, the system uses VTRS algorithm to estimate the number of targets in a range bin and ESPRIT algorithm to estimate the direction of arrival of each target. Using this information, the system plots the vehicles in a range-angle domain and uses clustering algorithm to cluster the data of each vehicle. Finally, the system utilizes the clustered data to estimate the length of each vehicle. We performed a simulation to validate the effectiveness of the proposed length-estimation method. The proposed method could estimate the length information with over 90% average accuracy. The proposed method can be applied to local path planning in autonomous driving system and intelligent transport systems

    Component Steady-State Availability์˜ Bayes ์ถ”์ •

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    Evaluation of Patients Satisfaction in Skeletal Class III Cases Treated with Two-jaw Surgery using Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire: Conventional Three-stage Method vs Surgery-First Approach

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๋ฐฑ์Šนํ•™.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ : ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์•…๊ต์ •์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ โ…ข๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€์ •๊ตํ•ฉ ์ฆ๋ก€์—์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• (conventional three-stage method, CTM)์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ -ํ›„๊ต์ • ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ• (surgery-first approach, SFA)์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ (Quality of Life, QoL) ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์น˜๊ณผ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋น„๋ฐœ์น˜ ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์•…๊ต์ •์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ฑ โ…ข๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€์ •๊ตํ•ฉ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ, CTM๊ตฐ (n=15)๊ณผ SFA๊ตฐ (n=11)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ, ์–ผ๊ตด์‹ฌ๋ฏธ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ธ์‹์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ดˆ ๋‚ด์›์‹œ (T0), ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ง์ „ (T1), ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ 3๊ฐœ์›” (T2), ๊ต์ •์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ›„ (T3)์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•…๊ต์ •์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(orthognathic quality of life questionnaire, OQoLQ) ์™€ 0-4 scale (0:์ „ํ˜€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์Œ4:๋งค์šฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถˆํŽธํ•จ)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” T0, T2, T3์˜ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ (Effect Size, ES: Cohens d๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•จ, 0.2 ๋ฏธ๋งŒ, ์ตœ์†Œ ๋ณ€ํ™”0.2-0.49, ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”0.5-0.8, ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”0.8 ์ดˆ๊ณผ, ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”) ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Mann-Whitney U test ์™€ Wilcoxon signed rank test๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: 1) CTM ๊ตฐ์˜ OQoL total score ๊ฐ’์€ T0์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ T1์—์„œ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ T2, T3์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (T0=53.9, T1=58.1, T2=23.5, T3=11.6, ฮ”T1-T0=4.2, P<0.05ฮ”T2-T0=-30.3, P<0.001ฮ”T3-T2=-11.9, P<0.001ฮ”T3-T0=-42.3, P<0.001). 2) SFA๊ตฐ์˜ OQoL total score ๊ฐ’์€ T0์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ T2, T3์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (T0=51.6, T2=23.1, T3=11.4, ฮ”T2-T0=-28.6, P<0.01ฮ”T3-T2=-11.7, P<0.05ฮ”T3-T0=-40.3, P<0.01). 3) OQoL total score ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ CTM๊ตฐ๊ณผ SFA๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (P-value, T0=0.8557, T2=0.6029, T3=0.4051, ฮ”T2-T0=0.8966, ฮ”T3-T2=0.3633, ฮ”T3-T0=0.9379all P>0.05). 4) ์ „์ฒด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ (T3-T0) ๋™์•ˆ CTM๊ตฐ๊ณผ SFA๊ตฐ์˜ ES์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ์ •๋„๋Š” 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์†Œ ์ˆœ์„œ (์–ผ๊ตด์‹ฌ๋ฏธ, ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ, ์ธ์‹) ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (CTM๊ตฐ: -3.97>-3.40>-2.23>-1.25SFA๊ตฐ: -2.83>-2.33>-1.76>-1.73). ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  : SFA๊ตฐ์€ OQoL ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜ ์•…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„์™€ ์ตœ์ข…์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ›„์— ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ง์ „์— ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋Š” CTM๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž์˜ OQoL ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1)์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2)์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  2 II. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 1) ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์„ ์ •๊ธฐ์ค€ 2 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 III. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 4 IV. ํ† ์˜ 5 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  8 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 9 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 24Maste

    Aperรงue sur le statut juridique des animaux en France

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    Die Mitwirkungspflicht des Bestellers im Werkvertrag

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    Vital Sign Detection in a Noisy Environment by Undesirable Micro-Motion

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท(internet of things: IoT) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ ํ™ˆ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ํƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ํ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ˜ธํก์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ์ด ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ๋ ˆ์ด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์‹ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜ธํก์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜ ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ฐ•๋™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์˜คํƒ์ง€๋  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ์˜คํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ํƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ 1) ์œ„์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ, 2) ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๋ฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ง, 3) ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ ํƒ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  4) ์˜คํƒ์ง€์œจ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, IRUWB(Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํƒ์ง€๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.22Nkc
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