질소 시비량이 기간테우스 억새의 지상부 및 지하부 탄소 축적에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 농업생명과학대학 식물생산과학부, 2018. 2. 김도순.Miscanthus is known for its high biomass yield and carbon accumulation, with requirement of relatively low nitrogen fertilizer. Little effort has been made to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass yield and carbon accumulation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on biomass yield and carbon accumulation in the above- and below-ground parts of M. × giganteus. Miscanthus plants were cultivated under different fertilizations, 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 kg N ha-1 year-1, for 6 years. Above-ground biomass yield were assessed every year at harvest in early March. Below-ground biomass including rhizomes and roots was harvested and assessed in the 6th year, when above-ground biomass debris was also assessed. Soil was sampled in the 6th year and total carbon content in soil was analyzed. Cumulative above-ground biomass increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer level with significant differences between non-fertilized treatment and fertilized treatments. Below-ground biomass also increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer level up to 60 kg N ha-1 year-1, and thereafter decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer level. However, no significant increase in soil total carbon (TC) was observed with nitrogen fertilizer level. In total, carbon accumulated in both above- and below-ground parts of miscanthus for 6 years increased with nitrogen fertilization although soil total carbon was not significantly increased by nitrogen fertilization. Linear regression analysis between nitrogen fertilization and carbon accumulation by miscanthus revealed that miscanthus could accumulate 27.23 t ha-1 annually even at no nitrogen fertilization. Carbon accumulation per unit nitrogen fertilization was estimated to be 0.021 t carbon ha-1 per kg N ha-1.1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Miscanthus as a promising bioenergy crop 5 2.2 Carbon accumulation of miscanthus 8 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11 3.1 Plant materials 11 3.2 Above-ground analysis 12 3.2.1 Analysis of shoot biomass 12 3.2.2 Analysis of debris biomass 12 3.2.3 Estimation of above-ground carbon accumulation 13 3.3 Below-ground analysis 13 3.3.1 Soil sampling 13 3.3.2 Analysis of soil carbon content 15 3.3.3 Analysis of below-ground carbon accumulation 15 4. RESULTS 16 4.1 Effect of nitrogen fertilization on above-ground biomass 16 4.2 Effect of nitrogen fertilization on below-ground biomass 21 4.3 Effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil total carbon content 23 4.4 Effect of nitrogen fertilization on total carbon accumulation by miscanthus 28 5. DISCUSSION 32 6. REFERENCES 36Maste

ENA에 관한 연구

국립행정대학원(ENA: Ecole National d'Administration)은 1945년 10월 9일 정령 제45-2283호(I'ordonnance Nº 45-2283)에 의하여 수상(Premier ministre)관장하의 영조물법인의 형태(la forme d'un etablissement public de caractere administratif)로 창설되었다. ENA와 같은 성격을 지닌 대학원에 대한 구상은 1945년 ENA창설 이전에도 있었으므로 새로운 착상이라고는 볼 수 없다. 즉 프랑스 제 1통령(Premier Consul)(나폴레옹 I세)의 구상으로 이미 국참사원(le conseil d'Etat)이 젊은 고급공무원들을 위하여 행정대학원(ecole d'administration)의 역할을 수행하도록 했다. 그리고 프랑스 제 2공화국도 일종의 국립행정대학원(une Ecole national d'administration)을 창설했으나, 그의 지극히 짧았던 정치체제의 수명과 더불어 소멸되었다. 또한 프랑스 제 3공화국하에서도 이러한 계획이 당시 문교성장관 쟝재(Jean-Zay)의 주도로 특히 1936년부터 1939년에 걸쳐 연구검토 되었었다. 1945년의 ENA창설 당시는 모든 행정제도를 쇄신시키고자 하는 풍조가 휩쓸었다. 이에따라 프랑스의 국립행정대학원(ENA)이 설치되었던 바, 그 창설목적은 대체로 다음과 같이 세가지로 나누어 볼 수 있다