구대칭 일반상대론적 유체역학 코드의 개발

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 물리·천문학부(물리학전공), 2013. 2. 이형목.자체의 중력 효과를 고려하는 구대칭 완전 유체 전산모사 연구를 위해 일반상대론적 유체역학 코드를 이 분야 연구자들을 위한 공개용으로 개발하였다. 이 코드는 3+1 ADM (Arnowitt-Deser-Misner) 공식과 등방 공간 좌표를 사용하였다. 시공간 기하를 구하기 위해 극한값 썰기 (maximal slicing) 조건과 함께 세 개의 제한 방정식을 풀었고, 시공간을 채우는 물질인 유체는 근사 리만 해법을 사용한 HRSC (high resolution shock capturing) 기법으로 오일러 관찰자 시점에서 풀었다. 이 코드의 수렴성과 정확성을 검증하기 위해 상대론적인 구대칭 충격파 비교 분석, 블랙홀로 빨려 들어가는 상대론적 구대칭 강착, TOV (Tolman- Oppenheimer-Volkoff) 별 및 OS (Oppenheimer-Snyder) 붕괴 코드 테스트를 수행하였다. 특히, 이 코드의 동적 진화 테스트인 OS 붕괴의 경우 해석적인 해와 결과를 비교하기 위하여 좌표변환을 수치 계산으로 수행하였다. 아인슈타인의 일반상대성 이론을 넘어서는 변형된 중력이론 중 하나로 최근 제시된 EiBI (Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld) 이론에서 TOV 별의 해가 일반상대성 이론과 어떠한 차이를 보이는지 살펴 보았고, 그 이론에서도 물질이 붕괴하여 블랙홀을 만드는 경우 특이점이 형성되는지 고찰해 보았다.Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION 2. FORMULATIONS 2.1. 3+1 Decomposition of Einstein Equations 2.1.1. Spacetime foliation 2.1.1.1. Metric decomposition 2.1.1.2. Projection tensor 2.1.2. Normal vector 2.1.3. Spatial covariant derivative 2.1.4. Extrinsic curvature 2.1.5. Einstein tensor decomposition 2.1.5.1. Gauss-Codazzi relations and Ricci equations 2.1.5.2. Ricci tensor decomposition 2.1.5.3. Einstein tensor decomposition 2.1.6. Energy-momentum tensor and hydrodynamic variables 2.1.7. Einstein equation decomposition 2.1.7.1. Constraint equations 2.1.7.2. Evolution equations 2.1.8. 3+1 decomposition of spherically symmetric metric 2.1.9. Extrinsic curvature and slicing condition 2.1.10. Einstein equation decomposition in spherical symmetry 2.2. Hydrodynamic Equations in Conservative Form 2.2.1. Decomposition of hydrodynamic equations 2.2.1.1. Thermodynamic quantities 2.2.1.2. Energy-momentum conservation equations 2.2.1.3. Decomposition with ua 2.2.1.4. Decomposition with na 2.2.2. Hydrodynamic equations in spherical symmetry 3. NUMERICAL METHODS 3.1. Geometry Part 3.2. Hydrodynamic Part: HRSC 3.2.1. Characteristic structure and approximated Roe flux 3.2.2. HLLE flux 3.2.3. Calculating the primitive variables 3.2.4. Time stepping scheme 3.2.5. Atmosphere 4. CODE TESTS 4.1. Relativistic Blast Wave Problem 4.2. Relativistic Spherical Accretion 4.3. TOV Star Evolution 4.3.1. TOV equations 4.3.2. TOV test 4.3.3. Isotropic vs. Schwarzschild coordinates 4.3.4. Boundary conditions for metric components 4.3.5. TOV star code test 4.4. Oppenheimer-Snyder Dust Collapse 4.4.1. The exact solution 4.4.2. Coordinate transformations 4.4.3. Code test 5. EiBI GRAVITY THEORY 5.1. EiBI Gravity 5.2. Research Motivation 5.3. Static Case 5.4. P = 0 Static Case 5.5. Numerical Integrations for the Polytropic Stars 5.5.1. Integration of the equations for the EiBI static case 5.5.2. Boundary conditions and numerical method 5.6. Survey of EiBI Static Star 6. CONCLUSION A. PARTIAL DERIVATIVES A.1. Determinant of Partial Derivatives A.2. Partial Derivative with Different Complete Basis Bibliography Summary in Korean Acknowledgment in KoreanDocto

Aspects of syntactic realization of predicative noun phrases

The aim of this paper is to examine and analyze diverse aspects in the syntactic realization of predicative noun phrases. In this respect, we first examined the relation between the argument forms of verbs and predicative nouns. Secondly, we analysed four arguments whose forms are respectively ul, zero, e daehan and e uihan in relation to their functions given by a predicative noun. Thirdly, we analysed the restrictions on the realization of arguments in predicative noun phrases. More specifically, we examined two types of restrictions: restrictions due to the lexical properties of predicative nouns and restrictions due to the argument form of predicative nouns. Fourthly, we examined the omission of arguments occurring in predicative noun phrases and found all the arguments are not necessarily realized in predicative noun phrases: only when an argument proximate to the predicative noun is realized can this predicative noun phrase be grammatical. We also examined a noun phrase previously categorized as predicative which seems to be grammatical even though its proximate argument is not realized and determined it to be a new type of situational noun phrase. In other words, we showed that in order to explain diverse types of argument omission occurring in predicative noun phrases, we have to divide predicative nouns into two types: one used only as a predicative noun and the other used as a predicative and situational noun.이 연구는 2003년도 경희대학교(KHU-2003-l136) 지원에 의한 결과임

Stacked-Gate Flash EEPROM에서 hot carrier program stress에ess-induced degradation in Stacked-Gate Flash EEPROM

Maste

Etude sur le modde Sens-Texte d'I. Mel'Euk

Le but de cet artiele est de présenter dans ses grandes lignes le modèle Sens-Texte d'I. Mel'èuk. A cette fin, nous avons d'abord introduit l'organisation de ce modèle : Nous avons caractérisé les niveaux de représentations linguistiques adoptés dans ce modèle, c'est-à-dire, la représentation sémantique, la représentation syntaxique profonde, la représentation syntaxique de surface, la représentation morphologique profonde, la représentation morphologique de surface, la représentation phonologique profonde et la représentation phonologique de surface. - Ce modèle possède sept composantes principales, c'est-à-dire, la sémantique, la syntaxe profonde, la syntaxe de surface, la morphologie profonde, la morphologie de surface, la phonologie profonde et la phonologie de surface. Ensuite, nous avons expliqué de façon succinte le système des fonctions lexicales, Pour finir, nous avons montré le système de paraphrases. A partir d'une représentation sémantique, le modèle Sens-Texte produit l'ensemble des phrases porteuses du sens correspondant à cette représentation sémantique. Le mécanisme-clé qui assure cette production est le système de paraphrases et il fait partie de la composante sémantique du modèle

젊은 비장애인 성인에서 내측 비복근의 신경 차단 후 보행 적응

Previous studies analyzed the activity of the gastrocnemius (GCM) medial and lateral heads as a single unit because it is technically challenging to separately analyze each component in vivo. However, functional variation between the medial and lateral heads is expected due to their anatomical differences. To investigate the independent function of the GCM medial head, changes in gait kinematics and lower-limb muscle activities during level and stair ascent movements were analyzed in experimental and musculoskeletal predictive simulation studies following neurolysis of the tibial nerve branch, which innervates the medial head of the GCM. During level walking, decreased GCM medial head activity did not significantly change gait kinematics. However, a significant increase in GCM lateral head and hamstring activities occurred after a branch nerve block to the GCM medial head. During stair ascent, changes in surface electromyography activity only occurred in the GCM medial head, and post-procedure ankle dorsiflexion angles were significant increased at the end of the terminal-stance phase. Ankle plantarflexion angles during the push-off phase were also decreased compared with pre-procedure values. The results of the thesis suggest that the human body response to dysfunction of the GCM medial head depends on the type of locomotion. 선행 연구들에서는 비복근 (GCM)의 내측 및 외측의 기능 및 활동을 하나의 근육 단위로서 분석 하였는데, 이는 인체 내에서 각 근육의 기능을 독립적으로 분석하는 것이 기술적으로 어렵 기 때문이다. 그러나 비복근의 내측과 외측의 해부학적 차이로 인해 두 근육 간의 기능적 차이가 존재할 것이라 예상된다. 내측 비복근의 독립적인 기능을 알기 위해, 미용목적으로 경골 신경의 분지 중 내측 비복근으로 정지하는 신경 차단술을 받는 젊은 비장애인 성인을 대상으로 평지 및 계단을 보행하는 동안 보행 운동학 및 하지 주요 근육의 근활성도 변화를 실험 및 근골격계 모델을 기반으로 한 예측 시뮬레이션 환경에서 분석하였다. 평지 보행에서 신경 차단술로 인해 내측 비복근의 근활성도가 감소되었고, 내측 비복근의 마비는 보행 시 관절각도를 통계적으로 유의미하게 변화시키지 않았다. 반면, 외측 비복근 및 햄스트링의 근활성도가 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하였다. 계단을 오르는 보행에서는 내측 비복근의 근활성도가 감소되었고, 평지 보행에서의 결과와는 반대로 내측 비복근의 마비는 보행 시 입각기 (stance phase)의 말기와 입각기에서 유각기로 전환하는 (push-off) 시기에 발목의 족저굴곡 (plantarflexion) 각도를 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 내측 비복근 마비 시 이에 대응하는 인체의 보행 적응이 보행의 유형에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 사실을 유추 할 수 있다.open석

A study on the sex determination of human dental pulp by Y-chromosome

치의학과/석사[한글] 개인식별을 위한 성별판정은 법의학 및 법치학저 중요과제이며 이것을 해결하기 위한 방법 중 하나로 형광현미경하에서 남성세포핵내에 존재하는 Y염색체에서 F-body 검출에 의한 성별판정이 제시된 이래 신체 각 장기에서 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 국내에서는 모발에서의 연구를 제외하고는 미미한 실정이다. 이에 저자는 4세에서 61세에 이르는 한국인 남녀에서 발거된 치아 70개의 치수에서 성별판정을 하기 위하여 F-body를 검출한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 냉장보관한 치아의 치수에서 F-body의 출현율은 남성에서 42∼86%(평균 61.06%), 여성에서 0∼6%(평균 1.86%)로 나타나 남녀간의 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 2. 실온에 방치한 치아의 치수에서 F-body 출현율은 남성에서 35∼58%(평균 48.20%), 여성에서 1∼3%(평균 1.70%)이며 성별판정이 가능하였다. 3. 100℃에서 10분간 열처리한 남성 치수군에서도 F-body 출현율이 32∼56%(평균42.50%)로서 성별판정이 용이 하였다. 4. 경시적으로 보아도 F-body의 출현율에는 커다란 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 5. F-body 검출에 의한 성별판정은 특히 남성판정에 유용함을 재 확인할 수 있었다. [영문] The author had tried to identify the sex from single tooth by detecting F-body of Y-chromosome in the nucleus of the dental pulp cells of 70 persons aged from 4 to 61 years under a fluorescent miscroscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the cell nuclei of male and female dental pulp at refrigeratory, the rate of F-body appearance ranged 42-86% (average 61.06%) in male, while it was 0-6% (average 1.86%) in female, indicating that male could be distinctly differentiated from female by F-body. 2. With male and female dental pulp putrefied by leaving it at room temperature, the rate of F-body appearance ranged 35-58% (average 48.20%) in male, 1-3% (average 1.70%) in female, indicating that it was possible to distinguish male and female by F-body. 3. Even in heat-treated male teeth at 100℃, 10 mins, the rate of f-body appearance proved to be 32-56% (average 42.50%), also indicating the possibility of identifying male. 4. When detecting of F-body in process of time, the rate of F-body appearance did not show major changes. 5. It was reaffirmed that F-body detection method was a positive determination method of male.prohibitio

Description of Lexical Meaning in the Explicative and Combinatory Dictionary

This paper will explore and evaluate the «Lexicographic Definition» in the Explicative and Combinatory Dictionary(ECD), in particular, focusing on its methodology of description and representation of lexical meaning. Lexical meaning is one of the most important features of a linguistic dictionary, however, due to its inherent nature, its description and representation in a dictionary precipitates many problems. The crux of the problem is that each word has meanings behind its form and shows semantically continuous variations when combined with other words and phrases. A lexicographer must then determine the full content of the lexical meaning and extract its components, and separate every meaning which is linguistically distinguished from other variations. Moreover, a good dictionary needs and an elaborate methodology for the theoretically and practically adequate representation of the meaning. The ECD, based on the Meaning-Text Model, presents comprehensive rules and criterion addressing precisely these problems. These rules and criterion are the minimal(fundamental) conditions necessary for the coherent representation of full lexical meaning. Furthermore, the ECD represents Lexicographic Definitions in a concise, yet natural(accessible) language. Its definitions describes denotational meaning which are composed of situational information of the sentences usage. This meaning has an additional functional dimension in that its content and component explain and predict the full range of word behavior in any given circumstances. The direct result of this research can be applied to Korean dictionaries and used to improve their semantic descriptions and representations

의미부류 체계의 구축과 적용

The aim of this paper is to introduce the organization of semantic classes and scrutinize the possibility of their application in the domain of lexical semantics. In this respect, we will first treat the establishment of semantic classes: we will define our semantic classes and explain the appropriate predicate which plays an important role in defining them. Secondly, we will treat the application of semantic classes: we will discuss the problem of distinction between homonymous and polysemous words and show that semantic classes can be used very effectively in treating not only polysemous words but synonymous and compound words.이 논문은 2000년도 한국 학술진흥 재단의 지원에 의하여 연구되었음. (KRF-2000-042-A00012

불어의 합성명사

C'est la première fois que je viens en Corée, et je mesure tout ce que j'ai perdu en y abordant si tard. Je remercie donc l'Universié Nationale de Séoul et spécialement Monsieur le professeur Won Yoon-Soo de m'avoir invité à vous parler aujourd'hui. Mes remerciements amicaux vont aussi à d'anciens Nantais, d'abord au professeur Bok Sung-Gyu que j'ai pu initier aux arcanes administratifs de l'Université française, et qui, maintenant, me dévoile la civilisation coréenne la plus authentique et la moins touristique. Merci également à Mme Chou, Young-Kung, retrouvée après si longtemps et à M. Park DongJoon. J'arrive de Nantes, donc de l'extrême-occident, autrement dit du Far-West. Nos langues sont on ne peut plus étrangères rune à l'autre, je vous envie d'avoir appris le français, je me blâme d'ânonner et de bredouiller, à mon âge, du coréen et j'espère que, en dépit de cette extrême différence, nos méthodes d'analyse pourront converger