4 research outputs found
1945λ μ΄ν νκ΅μ λ§₯λ½μμ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μ¬νκ³Όνλν μ μΉμΈκ΅νλΆ(μ μΉνμ 곡), 2023. 2. κΉμλ―Ό.λνλ―Όκ΅μ μ ννλ² μ λ¬Έμ νλ²μ μ μ λ΄λΉν μ νκ΅ν μμλ€μ μμ λ‘ν μ κ±°λ λνλ‘ κ·μ νμλ€. λν, μ νκ΅νμ λ°νμ΄ λ 1948λ
5μ 10μΌμ μ κ±°λ₯Ό λΉμ μ¬λ¬ νκ΅μΈμ μμ μ κ±°λ‘ μ΄ν΄νμλ€. μ ννλ² μ λ¬Έκ³Ό 5Β·10 μ κ±°λ μμ μ κ±°λΌλ κ°λ
μ΄ μ€μνκ² νμ©λ νκ΅νλμ¬μ μλ§μ μ¬λ‘ μ€ μΌλΆλ‘, μ΄ κ°λ
μ΄ κ΅κ°κ±΄μ€ κ³Όμ λ° κ΅κ° μ 체μ±κ³Ό κΈ΄λ°ν κ΄κ³μ μμμμ 보μ¬μ€λ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μ ννλ² μ λ¬Έκ³Ό κ΅κ° μ 체μ±μ κ·λͺ
ν μ°κ΅¬λ μμμΌλ©°, μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄μλ κ°λ
μ λν μ¬μ μ Β·λ²λ¦¬μ κ·μ μ λμ΄ κ·Έ μμ¬μ μλ―Έλ‘ μ μ¬κ΅¬μ±νλ κ°λ
μ¬(conceptual history)μ νκ΅¬κ° νμνλ€. λ³Έκ³ λ λ€μν μ¬λ£μ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ°κ΅¬λ€μ λ°νμΌλ‘ νκ΅νλμ¬μμ μμ μ κ±°κ° μ΄λ€ μλ―Έλ₯Ό μ§λ
λμ§λ₯Ό ν¬κ΄μ μΌλ‘ λ
Όμνλ©°, νΉν μ΄ κ°λ
μ΄ κ΅κ° μ 체μ±μ ꡬμ±νλ λ° μ°μΈ λ§₯λ½κ³Ό μ£Όμ μ©λ‘λ€μ μ£Όλͺ©νλ€.
λ
Όλ¬Έμ μ λ°λΆλ μμ μ κ±°κ° 1945λ
μννλ΄μ ν΅ν΄ μ ν λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμλ₯Ό μν κΈ°νμΌλ‘ λΆμνμ¬, 1948λ
νκ΅μ νλ²μκΉμ§ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉκ² λ νλ¦μ μΆμ νλ€. 2μ°¨ λμ μ΄ν λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμμ ν΅μ¬ κ°μΉλ‘ λ μ€λ₯Έ μμ μ κ±°λ μ μκ΅κ°λ€μ΄ νμ μ μ λΉμ±μ ν보νκΈ° μν΄ κ±°μ³μΌ ν νμ μ μ°¨λ‘ μμλκΈ°μ μ΄λ₯΄λ λ€. μλ―Όμ§ μκΈ°μ μ νμ μΈ μ κ±°λ§μ κ²½ννλ νκ΅μΈλ€μκ² free electionμ λ²μμ΄λ‘μ μμ©λ μμ μ κ±°λ λ―μ κ°λ
μ΄μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ§κ΅¬μ λμ μ§μκ° λλνλ κ°μ΄λ° μ΄ κ°λ
μ μ μΉμ μν₯λ ₯μ μ μ μ¦λνμΌλ©°, μ΅μ΄μ μμ μ κ±°λ‘ κΈ°νλ 5Β·10 μ κ±° μμ μμ μ μ μ λ¬νλ€. μμ μ κ±°μ κΈ°μ΄ν κ΅κ°κ±΄μ€μ μ§ν₯νκ³ μ£Όλνλ λ¨νμ μ μΉκ°λ€μ 5Β·10 μ κ±°λ₯Ό μμ μ κ±°λ‘ λΆκ°νκ³ μ΄ κ°λ
μΌλ‘ κ΅κ° μ 체μ±μ νννλ λ° λ§€μ° μ κ·Ήμ μ΄μλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ λ§₯λ½μμ λ
ν΄ν λ, μ ννλ² μ λ¬Έ μ μμ λ‘ν μ κ±°λμ μ ν μΈκ³μ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ μμμ μ‘°μνλ ννλ‘ κ΅κ° μ 체μ±μ μ립νλ €λ μλλ₯Ό λ΄μ ꡬμ μ΄λΌκ³ ν μ μλ€.
κ΅κ°κ±΄μ€ μκΈ°μ νμ±λ μμ μ κ±°μ κ΅κ° μ 체μ±μ κ΄κ³λ μ΄ν νκ΅νλμ¬μ 격λμ κ±°μΉλ©° μ‘°κΈμ© λ³ννλ€. λ
Όλ¬Έμ νλ°λΆμμλ λΆμ μ κ±°μ κ·Έμ λν μ ν, μΏ λ°ν, νλ² κ°μ , μ μΒ·λ―Έκ΅κ³Όμ λμΈκ΄κ³, λ¨λΆνμ ν΅μΌ λ±μ μμ μ κ±°μ κ΄λ ¨ μλ μ¬μλ€λ‘μ μ‘°λͺ
νλ€. 1948λ
μ΄νλ‘λ μ€λ κΈ°κ° νκ΅μΈλ€μ΄ κ·Έλ€μ μ μΉμ μλ§μ νΌλ ₯νλ λ° μμ μ κ±° κ°λ
μ μμ£Ό μμ‘΄νλ κΉλμ μ΄ κ°λ
μ΄ λ΄ν¬ν μ΄μκ³Ό νκ΅ μ μΉνμ€μ κ°κ·Ήμ μλ€. κΆμμ£Όμ μ κΆ μΉνμμμ μ κ±°κ° κ°μ§ κ²°ν¨κ³Ό λλΆμ΄, νκ΅ μ μμ κ±ΈμΉ μμ μ κ±°κ° λΆλ¨μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μ’μ λ μλ°μ μλ μ μ΄ μ κ±°μ λν κ²½νκ³Ό κΈ°λ μ¬μ΄μ 거리λ₯Ό ν¬κ² νλ€.
1980λ
λ μ΄λμ λ―Όμ£Όνλ κ·Έ 거리λ₯Ό μ’νλ λ° μλΉν κΈ°μ¬νμΌλ, λ¨λΆν λΆλ¨μ μ§μμ μ¬μ ν 'νκ΅ μμ μ κ±°'λ₯Ό λ―Έμμ κΈ°νμΌλ‘ λ¨κ²¨λκ³ μλ€. μ΄ λ―Έμμ±μ μμ μ κ±° κ°λ
κ³Ό κ·Έμ μ½ν μμ¬κ° μΈμ κ° λ€μ μ μΉμ κ΄μ¬κ³Ό μ΄μ μ λμμ΄ λ κ°λ₯μ±μ ν¨μΆνλ€.The Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Korea stipulates themselves as "freely elected" representatives in the preamble of the 1948 founding constitution. Besides, numerous Korean people at that time understood the election on May 10, 1948 as a "free election. Including those in 1948, Koreans have used the concept of 'free election' at critical moments in their political history. To understand them properly, it is necessary to reconstruct the historical semantics of the concept. As a work of conceptual history, this thesis identifies and discusses the meaning of 'free election' in modern Korean history since 1945. It focuses on the context in which the national identity of the Republic of Korea was related to 'free election'.
First half traces how free election emerged as a core value of (both global and Korean) postwar democracy, covering the period from Yalta Conference(1945) to the constitutional founding of the Republic of Korea(1948). Postwar settlements elevate free election to the essential ingredient of democratic legitimacy, especially for newly independent nations. Few Koreans had experienced elections under colonial rule until liberation, and colonial election laws were explicitly discriminatory to them. Thus 'free election' was unfamiliar to their ears at the outset. However, the power of this new concept became strengthened as the Cold War order dominates. And it reached its peak at the time of the May 10 election. South Korean right-wing politicians pursued and led state-building based on the free election hastily before the United States agreed on that scheme. Indeed, they were very active in highlighting May 10 election as the national milestone and expressing national identity with the concept of free election. What they did by declaring themselves "freely elected" in the preamble of the founding constitution? They intended to construct national identity of the new republic in the form that accords with the ideal of postwar democracy.
That Relationship between free election and national identity formed during the state-building period changes gradually through the turbulences of modern Korean history. Second half of the thesis examines various issues and events: rigged elections and protests against them, coup d'Etat, constitutional amendments, foreign relations with the United Nations and the United States, and the reunification of two Koreas, etc. Why Koreans repeatedly relied on 'free election' to state their political will? The main reason lies in the gap between the ideal implied by this concept and the reality of Korean politics. It is undeniable that election frauds, which were prevalent under authoritarian regimes, and the solid Korean division system dissatisfied democratic citizens' expectations. But those problems aroused citizens' will to make the best use of political concepts, including free election.
Democratization since the 1980s has contributed much to the realization of the ideal of free election as expected, but the continuation of the division into two Koreas leaves 'Korean free election' as an unfinished project. This unfinishedness connotes the possibility that free election and the historical semantics entangled with this concept could get popular interest and national passion again.μ 1 μ₯ μλ‘ 1
μ 1μ λ¬Έμ μ κΈ° 1
μ 2μ μ νμ°κ΅¬ κ²ν 4
μ 3μ λ°©λ²λ‘ 13
μ 4μ μ°κ΅¬μ λμκ³Ό κ΅¬μ± 19
μ 2 μ₯ μμ μ κ±°μ μ ν λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ μμ 24
μ 1μ μμ μ κ±°μ κΈ°ν: μννλ΄ 24
μ 2μ μμ μ κ±°μ μ€ν: μ ν κ°κ΅μμμ μμ μ κ±° 33
μ 3μ μλ―Όμ§ μ‘°μ μ μ κ±°μ μμ μ κ±°μ λΆμ 42
μ 3 μ₯ μμ μ κ±°μ νκ΅νμ 50
μ 1μ μμ μ κ±°μ μ΄λ₯΄κΈ°κΉμ§: 1945~48λ
μ μ μΉμ¬ 50
μ 2μ μμ μ κ±°λ‘μμ 510 μ κ±°μ κ΅κ° μ μ²΄μ± 64
μ 3μ νλͺ
κ³Ό μΏ λ°ν, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ "μμ λ‘ν μ κ±°λ" 81
μ 4 μ₯ μμ μ κ±°μ ν΅μΌ 92
μ 1μ κ°λ
μ λΆλ¨: μμ μ κ±°μ λνκ°λ
94
μ 2μ μμ μ κ±°μ μ§μ: ν΅μΌλ‘ μΌλ‘μμ μμ μ κ±° 102
μ 3μ μμ μ κ±°μ ν΄μ‘°: 1970λ
λμ λ³λ 117
μ 5 μ₯ κ²°λ‘ 138
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 144
Abstract 158μ
Molecular oreintation of host mateirals for high-efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emiting diodes
We investigated the vacuum-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) characteristics using the diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-2-yl)phenyl)silane (2PTPS), diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-3-yl)phenyl)silane (3PTPS), and diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)silane (4PTPS) host materials. The 4PTPS-based PHOLEDs with tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] dopant with homoleptic-structure showed highest current efficiency of 53.54 cd/A compared to those of 2PTPS (40.75 cd/A) and 3PTPS (29.35 cd/A). This result has caused by the well-aligned structure with preferential horizontal orientation of the emitting materials by two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXD) analysis. We found that the molecular orientation of 4PTPS-based co-host and co-host:dopant showed better priority to the horizontal direction than the 2PTPS and 3PTPTS host materials, which implies the importance of preferential orientation of the host molecule.2
Synthesis of Highly Twisted Pyrene Derivative for Pure Blue OLED
We synthesized new fluorescent blue host material, BD4PP for pure-blue OLEDs. BD4PP has highly twisted and steric design for efficient fluorescence, and showes high thermal property of 492 oC. BD4PP host doped with 5 wt. % 4,40-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,10-biphenyl (BCzVBi) or 5 wt. % 1,4-bis[2-(3-N ethylcarbazoryl)- vinyl]benzene (BCzVB) showed high device efficiencies based on wide bandgap (~3.1 eV) and electron-rich host. An OLED with the BD4PP:BCzVB emitter presented higher current and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 4.41 cd/A and 3.80% with color coordinates (0.16, 0.13) compared to those of the BD4PP:BCzVBi (3.63 cd/A and 3.62%) with color coordinates (0.16, 0.11) and non-doped BD4PP (2.01 cd/A and 1.61%) with color coordinates (0.18, 0.13). In other words, BD4PP molecule inhibited the intermolecular interaction, resulting in color purity and high efficiency by introducing xylene units into the structure.2