15 research outputs found

    Association between obesity and flow rate of unstimulated whole saliva among elderly Koreans

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๊น€ํ˜„๋•.1. Objectives The prevalence of obesity continue to increase in all ages and ethnicities worldwide. Obesity is associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabet, atherosclerosis, cancer, and respiratory disorders. In addition, several studies have reported that obesity is related to several aspects of oral health, such as caries, periodontitis and dry mouth. There have been few studies on the relationship between obesity and hyposalivation. Moreover, very few studies on old ages have been found in the literature. Dry mouth is a common symptom in the older people that can produce serious negative effects on the patients quality of life. Although the increased prevalence of hyposalivation caused by diseases and intake of drugs in aged patients is well known, it is possible that obesity is also a determinant of dry mouth. Therefore, we performed this study to provide additional evidence of an association between obesity and salivary flow rate among Korean adults. 2. Methods In Korea, the Sun-Chang longevity cohort started in 2009. All 514 subjects (177 males and 337 females), selected from the Sun-Chang longevity cohort at baseline survey, participated voluntarily and provided written informed consent. Their ages ranged from 48 to 93 years, with a mean of 70.5 years. Unstimulated saliva was collected in a relaxed position and was passively drained for 10min into a test tube. We classify into 3 groupsthose with very low SFR (UWSFR <0.1 ml/min)those with low SFR (UWSFR = 0.1-0.19 ml/min)and those who have normal SFR (UWSFR โ‰ฅ 0.2 ml/min). For evaluating obesity, trained examiners measured weight, height, hip circumference and waist circumference. Obesity was defined as a BMI โ‰ฅ25kg/m2 and overweight was defined as a BMI between 23 and 25 kg/m2. Regarding WC, obesity was defined as a WCโ‰ฅ90cm for men and โ‰ฅ85cm for women. Considering WHR, obesity was defined as a WHRโ‰ฅ0.90 for men and โ‰ฅ0.80 for women. In order to obtain information about socio-demographic status, general health-related behaviors, the subjects were interviewed by a trained interviewer using structured questionnaires. To determine the strength of association and the dose-effect relationship between the salivary flow rate and the obesity indicator scores, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. To determine the association between obesity and salivary flow rate, odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, number of teeth, denture wearing state, interaction of gender and obesity. 3. Results Unstimulated salivary flow rate ranged from 0.001ml/min to 0.968ml/min, with a mean of 0.13ml/min. Obesity is significantly correlated with age, gender, smoking, number of remained teeth, denture wearing state. We found that salivary flow rate significantly decreased with age and females had a lower flow rate than males. The people who smokes present and drinks 1-5 times monthly presented a significant higher salivary flow rate than non-smoker and non-drinking patients respectively. Physical activity, remained teeth and denture wearing state were not significantly correlated with salivary flow rate. In the analysis of covariance adjusted for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, number of teeth, denture wearing, none of the BMI, WC and WHR did not significantly correlated with salivary flow rate. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, number of teeth, denture wearing, and interaction of obesity indices and gender, the prevalence of very low salivary flow rate in obese group was 11.5 times significantly higher than that of normal group (OR=11.54, 95% CI: 1.04-128.02). However, WC and WHR did not show the significant association with salivary flow rate. In conclusion, it is suggested that obesity may play a significant role in the control of salivary secretion, but the population bias to some of the rural elderly and obesity and salivary flow has been limited to less overall significant association. Further studies are needed to reappraise the interaction obesity and salivary flow rate in large and diverse population.Abstract I. Introduction II. Material & Method 1. Study population 2. Determination of salivary flow rate 3. Assessment of obesity 4. Assessment of confounders 5. Statistical analysis III. Results IV. Discussion V. Conclusion ReferenceMaste

    ่—ฅไบ‹ๆณ• ๅˆถๅฎš์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ไฟๅฅๅคงๅญธ้™ข :ไฟๅฅๅญธ็ง‘ ไฟๅฅ่กŒๆ”ฟๅญธๅฐˆๆ”ป,1995.Maste

    ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€: ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence), ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 8. ์ด์œ ์žฌ.์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์‹ค์šฉ์ (utilitarian)๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์ (hedonic) ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ถœ์‹œ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ (utilitarian)๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์ (hedonic) ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์€ ์ •์„ฑ ์กฐ์‚ฌ(thought-list analysis) ๋ฐ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์•ฝ, ์ฝœ๋ผ, ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ , ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค, ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์€ ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ œํ’ˆ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํŠน์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งค๊ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์„œ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ œํ’ˆ(bolstered product)์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ, ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ถœ์‹œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†Œ๋น„(utilitarian consumption)์™€ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์†Œ๋น„(hedonic consumption) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ™•์žฅ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์‹ค์šฉ์ (utilitarian)๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์ (hedonic) ๋ชฉ์ (goal)๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ(conflict)์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ๋ณด์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•”๋ฌต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์ (utilitarian) ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์ (hedonic) ๋ชฉ์  ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ถฉ๋Œ(goal conflict)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ๋ชฉ์ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ์ถฉ๋Œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ Gill(2008)์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ : asymmetric additivity effect), ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•˜์ดํ…Œํฌ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์—๋„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†์„ฑ์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ(asymmetric additivity effect)์˜ ๊ธฐ์ € ์ž‘์šฉ(underlying mechanism)์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์˜ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ(variety seeking tendency)์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์€ ์ž์‚ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ๊ฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œํ’ˆ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ น, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์ œํ’ˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋”ํ•œ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‹œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence)์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋”์šฑ ์‹ ์ค‘์„ ๊ธฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product) ๊ฐ„ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์˜ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๋งˆ์ผ€ํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์„ ํฌ์ง€์…”๋‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธ์‹์„ ์ž˜ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œํ’ˆ ๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ… ์ „๋žต์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 5 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ์†Œ๋น„์™€ ์พŒ๋ฝ์  ์†Œ๋น„(Utilitarian and Hedonic Consumption) 8 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ ์†Œ๋น„(Mixed Product Consumption) 10 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(Ambivalence) 11 1. ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence) 11 2. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ œํ’ˆ(mixed product)๊ณผ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence) 14 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ(Variety Seeking) 16 1. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ(variety seeking) 16 2. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ(variety seeking tendency)๊ณผ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ(ambivalence) 17 ์ œ3์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 20 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค 20 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 23 ์ œ4์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 25 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1 25 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 25 2. ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜์—ดํ•˜๊ธฐ(thought-list) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 26 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 35 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2 38 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 38 2. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 39 3. ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ ๊ฒ€ 40 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 42 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 52 ์ œ3์ ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 3 55 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 55 2. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 56 3. ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ ๊ฒ€ 57 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 59 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 63 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 65 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 65 2. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 66 3. ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ ๊ฒ€ 67 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 69 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 72 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 74 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 74 2. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • 75 3. ์กฐ์ž‘ ์ ๊ฒ€ 76 4. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 78 5. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 82 ์ œ6์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 84 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  86 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 86 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  88 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 93 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 96 Abstract 108 ๋ถ€๋ก : ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 114Docto

    A retrospective study on characteristics of patients with decreased mental status while their staying in the emergency department

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 2. ์ตœ๋ช…์• .์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‹ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์˜์‹์ด ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์— ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์‘๊ธ‰ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 4์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 7์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ ์˜์‹์ด ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์— ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ํ™˜์ž90๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์˜์‹ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ „, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋‹น์‹œ, ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „์ž ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ANOVA, fishers exact test, t-test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ ์ฃผ ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ, ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 19๋ช…(21.1%)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ € ์งˆํ™˜์€ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘, ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜, ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์— ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ESI(emergency severity index)๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ค‘ level โ… ์ด 6๋ช…(6.7%),โ…ก๊ฐ€ 28๋ช…(31.3%), โ…ข๊ฐ€ 56๋ช… (62.2%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œESI level I์ด๋‚˜ โ…ก๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๋‚ด์› ํ›„ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ‰๊ท  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ESI level โ…ข ๋ณด๋‹ค ์งง์•˜๋‹ค(p=.012). 2) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋‘”๊ฐ์ด 53๋ช…(58.9%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ค€ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜ 16๋ช…(17.8%), ํ˜ผ๋ฏธ 15๋ช…(16.7%), ํ˜ผ์ˆ˜ 6๋ช…(6.7%)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ 56๊ฑด(62.2%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์งˆํ™˜์ด 22๋ช…(24.4%)์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜16๋ช…(17.8%), ์œ„์žฅ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜ 10๋ช…(11.1%), ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ์  ์งˆํ™˜ 8๋ช…(8.9%), ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆํ™˜ 7๋ช…(7.8%)์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ›„ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณ‘๋™ ์ž…์›์ด 48๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ , ํ‡ด์›๊ณผ ์ค‘ํ™˜์ž์‹ค ์ž…์›์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 14๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์‹ฌํ ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 9๊ฑด(10%)์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ ์ฃผํ˜ธ์†Œ๋Š” ์ถœํ˜ˆ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด 4๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ 20๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์‹ฌ์ •์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ฌํ์†Œ์ƒ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น, ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€, ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ฒด๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์— ์˜์‹์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์˜์‹ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์ด 16๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” 12๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ 75%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๋‚ด์› ๋‹น์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜์‹์ด ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ESI level โ… ์ด๋‚˜ โ…ก๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘ํ™˜์€ ์˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.Assessment of consciousness is one of the most essential functions for nurses in the emergency department(ED). But the study on a decreased mental status while patients staying in the emergency department(DMSSED) is found to be rare in Korea and abroad. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of patients with DMSSED, and to provide the basic data for prompt and accurate emergency nursing care. The subjects of this study consisted of 90 patients with DMSSED from April, 2011 to July, 2011. Electronic medical charts were retrospectively reviewed to collect data about sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics before, at the time of and after decreased mental status. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, ANOVA, fishers exact test and t-test. The results were as follows; 1) As characteristics before DMSSED, 19(21.1%) patients complained of neurologic or gastrointestinal symptoms respectively. The most frequent underlying diseases were hypertension, followed by diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular diseases and liver diseases. Emergency severity index(ESI) of patients with DMSSED indicated that levelโ…  was 6(6.7%) patients and level โ…ก was 28(31.3%) patients and level โ…ข was 56(62.2%) patients. Patients classified as level โ… or โ…กby triage nurse showed shorter mean time from visit in the ED to the occurrence of decreased mental status than those as level โ…ข(p=.012). 2) As characteristics at the time of DMSSED, level of consciousness demonstrated that 53(58.9%) patients were drowsy, 15(16.7%) patients were stupor, 16(17.8%) patients were semi-coma and 6 (6.7%) patients were coma. Fifty-six(62.2%) patients with decreased mental status were found by nurses. As causes of decreased mental status, 22(24.4%) patients had neurologic diseases and 16(17.8%) patients had infectious diseases and 10(11.1%) patients had gastrointestinal diseases and 8(8.9%) patients had psychogenic diseases and 7(7.8%) patients had alcohol-related diseases. 3) As characteristics after DMSSED, clinical outcomes of patients with DMSSED showed that 48 patients admitted to general ward, 14 patients discharged or admitted to intensive care unit respectively. Nine patients were received cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) because of cardiac arrest after DMSSED. Chief complaints of 4 patients among them were symptoms related to bleeding. The cardiac arrest occurred in these 4 patients within 20 minutes after DMSSED. There were statistically significant differences of age, sex, level of consciousness, clinical outcomes and duration from visit in the ED to the occurrence of decreased mental status between CPR groups and non-CPR groups. 4) Cause of DMSSED in 16 patients was infectious disease. Age of 12(75%) patients among 16 these was found to be above 65 years old. These results suggest that ED nurses frequently assess consciousness of patients who are suspicious to have neurologic or infectious diseases and classified as level โ…  or โ…ก of ESI, although the patients are alert when admitted to ED.Maste

    GML์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ณผํ•™ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Maste

    ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๋ฐ•์—ฐํ™˜.์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ž์›์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์†์„ฑ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 6๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 10์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” 20๋ช…์˜ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ์ดํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 250๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ข…๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŒ๋‹จ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์  ์‚ฌ์ •, ์šด์šฉ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ 5๊ฐœ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ 19๊ฐœ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ Likert 5์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ 57๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์‚ญ์ œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์ธ์— ์žฌ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ 50๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ 4๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ๋ฌธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ 5๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„๋Š” ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(ฯ‡2/df=2.46, RMR=.036, RMSEA=.077). ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž, ์ƒ๊ธ‰ ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž, ์ ์ž„์ž ๋ฐ ์ˆ™๋ จ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(F=6.02, p=.001). ๋„์ถœ๋œ 30 ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ(r=.475, p<.001), ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋Š” .911์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” 5๊ฐœ ์š”์ธ 30๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 0์ ์—์„œ 120๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  3 II. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 4 1. ์›…๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ 4 2. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ 5 3. ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ 7 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 10 2. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณ ๋ ค 10 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 10 1) ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 12 2) ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 14 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 19 1. ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 19 1) 1๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๊ฐœ๋…๋ถ„์„ 19 2) 2๋‹จ๊ณ„: ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ณผ ์ฒ™๋„ ์ž‘์„ฑ 31 3) 3๋‹จ๊ณ„: ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • 31 4) 4๋‹จ๊ณ„: ๋ฌธํ•ญ ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ 31 2. ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 32 1) 5๋‹จ๊ณ„: ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„์™€ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • 32 (1) ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 32 (2) ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ถ„์„ 34 (3) ๊ตฌ์„ฑํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • 40 (4) ์ค€๊ฑฐํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • 46 (5) ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ • 46 2) 6๋‹จ๊ณ„: ์ตœ์ข…๋„๊ตฌ ๋„์ถœ 47 (1) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 (2) ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์ค‘์ฆ๋„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฑ„์  ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 51 V. ๋…ผ์˜ 52 VI. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 59 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 ๋ถ€๋ก 72 Abstract 96Docto

    ์œ ๋‹นํก์ˆ˜์žฅ์• ์ž ๋ฐ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐ์œ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋‹นํก์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์œ ๋‹น๋ถˆ๋‚ด์„ฑ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์–‘์ƒ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‚ด๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,1998.Maste

    Mixed Products- How Adding Different Attributes Influences Consumer Perceptions and Product Evaluation

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    During recent decades, the number of mixed attribute products (henceforth mixed products), which have both utilitarian and hedonic benefits, has increased dramatically. Despite these products&apos; growing popularity, academic research has paid little attention to them, and there remains a gap between theory and the real world. Hence, our study was undertaken to understand consumers&apos; perceptions about and behaviors toward mixed products, as well as factors affecting the evaluation and choice of these products. We divided mixed attribute products into two categories: mixed utilitarian products (utilitarian products adding hedonic attributes) and mixed hedonic products (hedonic products adding utilitarian attributes). We then showed how adding different attributes affects consumers&apos; perception, willingness to pay (WTP), and the choice of mixed attribute products compared to pure utilitarian or pure hedonic products. We conducted an experiment using a within-subject design. A total of 160 office workers and college students participated in the study. The pure utilitarian product used in the study was orange juice, and the mixed utilitarian product was carbonated orange juice. The pure hedonic product was chocolate, and the mixed hedonic product was polyphenol enriched chocolate. Results showed that consumers perceived a mixed utilitarian product to be less utilitarian, less pleasurable and more guilty than a pure utilitarian product. On the other hand, a mixed hedonic product was perceived to be more utilitarian, less pleasurable and less guilty than a pure hedonic product. Also, WTP for a mixed hedonic product was higher than WTP for a pure hedonic product, but WTP was lower for a mixed utilitarian product than for a pure utilitarian product. Furthermore, mixed hedonic products were likely to be evaluated more favorably when they were presented together with pure hedonic products, more so than when they were presented alone. Finally, when compared to low self-control participants, high self-control participants chose mixed hedonic products more frequently. The present study contributes to the existing literature on utilitarian and hedonic consumption by adding to the sparse literature on the consumption of products that have both utilitarian and hedonic purposes. Also, our research findings provide several useful implications for practitioners in related fields. First, the current study provides marketers with a useful guide for understanding consumers&apos; perceptions of these types of products, and helps to predict how adding different attributes influences these products. Second, this study has examined the conditions that may moderate the evaluation and choice of hedonic base products and this finding will serve as a good reference for marketers of mixed hedonic products in marketing communication strategy, in-store marketing and targeting. Specifically, comparative advertising with a pure hedonic product will be beneficial for a mixed hedonic product. Also, displaying mixed hedonic products near pure hedonic products may enhance the effectiveness of in-store marketing of mixed hedonic products.N
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