14 research outputs found

    On the historical concept of progress during the period of the Great Han Empire

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    ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋…ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์กฐํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜์‹์ ์œผ ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์„ธ๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด๋…์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์„ ๋ณ€๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค€๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์„œ์–‘ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์กฐ์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ด€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ „๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์ •์น˜์„ธ๋ ฅ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ คํ›„๊ธฐ ๊ถŒ๋ฌธ์„ธ์กฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ง„์‚ฌ๋Œ€๋ถ€, ์กฐ์„ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ›ˆ๊ตฌํŒŒ์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ฆผํŒŒ, ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์„œ์ธ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์ธ ๋“ฑ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ดํ•ด์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€ ์ง„๋ณด์˜ ๊ตฌ ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋Š ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ณด์ˆ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ง„๋ณด์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋•Œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์นœ๊ทผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ž‘ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํŽธ์ด ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ดˆ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋…์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์› ๊ณ , ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋… ์—ญ์‹œ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์†์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์˜์†์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋…์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ฒ ํ•™์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๋…์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ๋„ ์ผ์ • ์ •๋„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋…์˜ ์›๊ทผ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œ์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์งˆํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์ธต์€ ํฌ์ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. This thesis is to study the development of the historical concept of progress during the period of the Great Han Empire. There were lots of words concerning progress in Korean mass media, for example, ้€ฒๆญฅ, ๆ–‡ๆ˜Ž้€ฒๆญฅ, ้€ฒๆ˜Ž, ้–‹ๆ˜Ž้€ฒๆญฅ, ้–‹้€ฒ, ๆ”น่‰ฏ้€ฒๆญฅ, ๆ”น้€ฒ, ้€ฒๅŒ–, which had meaning of proceeding toward modern civilization in common. The concept of progress had three steps in connection with historical development of the Empire. The first step was related to the establishment of the Western-oriented national policy. In this case, progress meant Westernization in Korea. The second step was related to the revival of progressive consciousness in main social groups and its conceptual change during and after the Russo-Japanese war. The slogan of ่‡ชๅผบ played an important role in formation new kind of concept of progress, for its main focus was on progress from the subject(=Korean people) as well as toward the object(=Western civilization) in delicately semantec terms. The last step was related to the diffusion of progressive movement for recovery of national independence, generally called 'country-saving enlightenment movement' in historical terminology. There were a lot of movements by name of progress in social goups, which pursued for the total change of everyday life by female as well as male, low class as well as high class, periphery as well as capital, and so on

    ใ€Ž่‹ฑ็ฅ–ๆฑๅฎฎๆ—ฅ่จ˜ใ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ็Ž‹ไธ–ๅผŸ์˜ ๆ›ธ็ญต๊ณผ ๅพฎ่ฆ–ๆ”ฟๆฒป

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    ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ใ€Ž์˜์กฐ๋™๊ถ์ผ๊ธฐใ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ข…๋Œ€ ์™•์„ธ์ œ์˜ ๊ถ์ค‘ ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋™๊ถ์ผ๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋™๊ถ์˜ ๊ถ์ค‘์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ์—ฐ๊ณผ ์˜๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์„œ์—ฐ๊ณผ ์˜๋ก€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋™๊ถ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋œ ์˜๋ฌด์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋™๊ถ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž…์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋™๊ถ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ •์น˜์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™๊ถ์„ ๋ณดํ•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ•์›์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋™๊ถ์„ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋™๊ถ์˜ ํ•˜๋ น์„ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ์˜์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›—๋‚  ์ฆ‰์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒ•ํ‰์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ •์น˜๋ ฅ์ด ๋™๊ถ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋™๊ถ์ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ๋™๊ถ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ •์น˜์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋™๊ถ์ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹ญ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋™๊ถ์˜ ๊ถ์ค‘ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค

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    Sui Confucian scholar Wang Tong[็Ž‹้€š] in view of Korean Neo-Coufucian scholar Kim Changhyeob[้‡‘ๆ˜Œๅ”]s Ojasueon[ไบ”ๅญ็ฒน่จ€]

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    ๋ณธ ๊ธ€์€ ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์ด ํŽธ์ฐฌํ•œ ใ€Ž์˜ค์ž์ˆ˜์–ธใ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ ์ฃผ์žํ•™์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. >์€ ์ˆœ๊ฒฝ, ๋™์ค‘์„œ, ์–‘์›…, ์™•ํ†ต, ํ•œ์œ  ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์œ ํ•™์ž์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์–ธ์„ค์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฅ ์„ ์ง‘์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„ ์ง„ ๊ณต๋งน ์œ ํ•™ ์ดํ›„ ์†ก๋Œ€ ์‹ ์œ ํ•™ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™์‚ฌ ๊ณ„๋ณด์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋งน ์œ ํ•™๊ณผ ์†ก๋Œ€ ์‹ ์œ ํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์ด ์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žํ•™, ๊ณง ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผํฌ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฃผํฌ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๋“ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋‚˜๋ผ ์œ ํ•™์ž ์™•ํ†ต์€ ์–‘ํ•œ์„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์™•๋„์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์–‘ํ•œ์ด ์‚ผ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ค„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผํฌ์˜ ๋น„ํ‰์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ >์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์™•ํ†ต์€ ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผํฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ •ํ™”๋œ ์™•ํ†ต์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์–‘ํ•œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™•ํ†ต์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์กด์ค‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์žํ•™์ž ๊น€์ฐฝํ˜‘์˜ ์™•ํ†ต ์„ ์ง‘ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋‚™ํ•™์˜ ์ด์ฑ„๋กœ์šด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๋‹ค

    The formation of the modern studies on the history of Korean Confucianism - focused on Jang JiYeons JoseonYukyoYeonweon

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    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ด‘๋ณต 70์ฃผ๋…„์ด ๋„˜์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๆƒ…่ชฟ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น„์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™์‚ฌ ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฏธ์™„์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ๅด”่‹ฑๆˆ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๊ฒฝํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ€์ง„, ๋ฌธ์ค‘ ์œ ํ•™์˜ ํ๋‹จ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์œ ํ•™์‚ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜์‹์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ช…, ์‚ฌ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™, ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ, ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์€ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?This paper is to examine the formation of the modern studies on the history of Korean Confucianism, focusing on Jang JiYeon(ๅผตๅฟ—ๆทต)s JoseonYukyoYeonweon(ๆœ้ฎฎๅ„’ๆ•Žๆทตๆบ), the first book of this kind in the modern Korea. This book has been considered as the primary source book rather than research book. Little interest was in the modern achievement of this book in this field. But can we find no modern historical knowledge in it? This paper approaches this book from this question, and reaches following conclusions. First, there was long tradition to compile works on the history of Korean Confucianism in Joseon Korea, but unlike those works to produce only hagiographical knowledge this book has displayed specific views of history of Korean Confucianism. Second, this book took pessimistic view that Korean Confucianism had declined since the reign of the king Jeongjo(ๆญฃ็ฅ–) and Sunjo(็ด”็ฅ–), originating from the work titled AdongDohakWeonlyuseo (ๆˆ‘ๆฑ้“ๅญธๆบๆตๆ•) by Shim Ki Taek(๏ฅฒ็ฆๆพค). Third, this book take three parts in it, and each part has different level of completeness. The so called Yi Hwang(๏งกๆป‰)-centered geneology is central to the first part, the factional contrast of conservatism in Yi Yi(๏งก็ฅ) School and reformism in Yi Hwang(๏งกๆป‰) School is core in the second part. This book offered as key points of Korean Confucianism Yi Hwang-centered geneology and the factionalism between different schools. Last, the basic structure of this book can be found in the book titled JoseonYuhaksa(ๆœ้ฎฎๅ„’ๅญธๅฒ) by Hyeon Sang Yun(็Ž„็›ธๅ…) shortly after the liberation of 1945. Through JoseonYuhaksa the academic influence of this book was strengthened

    ่‚…ๅฎ—ไปฃ ใ€Žๆฑ่ณข็งฆ่ญฐใ€ ํŽธ์ฐฌ์˜ ๅญธ่ก“ๅฒ็š„ ์ดํ•ด

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    ํ•„์ž๋Š” ํ•™์ˆ ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋Œ€๋‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๅœ‹ๆœ ํ•™์ˆ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋˜๋Š” ๅœ‹ๆœ ํ•™์ˆ  ๋น„ํ‰์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์œ ํ†ต์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ฐจ ๋‹จ์†Œํ•œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๅšๅญธ้ขจ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๅœ‹ๆœ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ํ›„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•™์ธ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ใ€Žๅฐๅญธใ€, ใ€Ž่ฟ‘ๆ€้Œ„ใ€, ใ€Žๅคงๅญธ่ก็พฉใ€๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์„œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๅœ‹ๆœ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ํŒ ์†ํŽธ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    An Essay on the history of historical Knowledge Silhak(ๅฏฆๅญธ) in the textbooks on history of Korea

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    This paper examines the formation and development of the historical knowledge called Silhak(ๅฏฆๅญธ) with Korean textbooks on history of Korea published in the 20th century. In particular, 30 kinds of textbooks are reviewed, starting with the Dongguk Saryak(ๆฑๅœ‹ๅฒ็•ฅ) (1906) of Hyeon Chae(็Ž„้‡‡) as the first book to have a modern table of contents, ending with the Guksa Sinron(ๅœ‹ๅฒๆ–ฐ่ซ–) of Yi Kibaek(๏งกๅŸบ็™ฝ) as the first book to reflect the academic achievement in the field of Korean history after liberation from Japanese colonial rule. As a result, the following facts are found. First, the historical knowledge of Silhak was built on the basis of the general view of cultural development during the reign of Yeongjo(่‹ฑ็ฅ–) and Jeongjo(ๆญฃ็ฅ–). In most cases, the textbooks presented Yeongjo and Jeongjo(่‹ฑๆญฃ) and Korean culture(ๆ–‡ๅŒ–) as key keywords for reading the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty. Second, the historical knowledge of Silhak was built on the notion of confrontation between Neo-Confucianism and Culture in Joseon Korea. The textbooks highlighted the evils of Korean Neo-Confucianism and the consequent constraints on the cultural development of Korea, or stressed the extreme cultural regression as the result of the respect for Chinese civilization inherent in the Korean Neo-Confucianism itself. Third, the historical knowledge of Silhak was first systematized in Choe Namseon(ๅด”ๅ—ๅ–„)"s monumental work ใ€ŒJoseon Yeoksa Ganghwa(ๆœ้ฎฎ๏ฆŒๅฒ่ฌ›่ฉฑ)ใ€(1930). Silhak, as he meant it, was Korean Learning(ๆœ้ฎฎๅญธ) in essence, and distinct from Neo-Confucianism and Western Learning. Choe gave birth to "Silhak" that was at odds with Neo-Confucianism by noting the idea of self(่‡ชๆˆ‘). Fourth, the central point of historical knowledge called "Silhak" was moved from Korean Learning to Western Learning(่ฅฟๅญธ) and Qing Learning(ๆทธๅญธ) after liberation of 1945. The textbooks shared the view that the first phase of Silhak was formed by the influence of Western Learning and the second phase Qing Learning. Yi Byeongdo(๏งกไธ™็‡พ) asserted that Korean Silhak caused by the influence of Qing Learning could be compared to the Renaissance in Western history. Yi Inyeong(๏งกไปๆฆฎ) considered Silhak in terms of the world history in valuing the influence of the Western Learning and Qing Learning. Fifth, for the conceptual understanding of the historical knowledge of Silhak, various keywords were invented. The turbulence of keywords in the textbooks actually shows considerable vulnerability to the internal convergence of the historical knowledge Silhak. It means that there is no agreement whether it is essentially Korean Learning, Western Learning or Qing Learning

    The Confucian tradition of Kaeseong in the late Joseon period

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    ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์ง€์—ญ์„ฑ(locality)์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์  ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ•™ํ’์„ ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ฃผ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•™ํŒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์ƒ‰์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ•™ํŒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์ƒ‰์ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ฐฉํ•ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ•™ํŒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ํ•™ํŒŒ๋‚˜ ๋‹น์ƒ‰ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์ง€์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค.This paper will examine the local tradition of neo-Confucianism in Kaeseong in the late Joseon period. Kaeseong(้–‹ๅŸŽ), a major city in Joseon Korea is believed to be involved with the growth of the new trend of Korean reformed Confucianism called Shilhak(ๅฏฆๅญธ) because it is regarded as the key commercial city with economic wealth and urban prosperity in favor of the formation of the new way of thinking in the historical transition period. However, the actual situation in academic circles of Kaeseong was characterized not so much by the growth of Shilhak as by the revival of neo-Confucianism. It was only since the 18th century that Confucian scholars turned up in Kaeseong with professional knowledge and philosophical discourses based on traditional Confucian classics and Neo-Confucian canons. On the basis of the growing self-consciousness of the newly acquired cultural identity of Neo-Confucianism, Kaeseong intellectuals came to invent the genealogy of a new tradition of local Neo-Confucianism. It was the later-formed tradition of general Neo-Confucianism that faced the modern times in Kaeseong

    ๅคง้Ÿ“ๅธๅœ‹ๆœŸ ๆœดๆฎทๆค ่‘—ไฝœ็›ฎ้Œ„์˜ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† 

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    In this research, the list of Park Eun Shik's writings written during the Daehan Empire period was examined, based on sources such as the bulletins or journals from several academical institutions, or various newspapers which were being published at the time. Apparently, in the process of creating the list said above, there had been no errors made in enlisting articles or other writings which were originally published in the institution bulletins such as the or (Daehan Jagang-hwae Weolbo). or the newspaper (Hwangseong Shinmun). But there seems to have been undeniable errors made in the process of selecting articles (which were believed to have been written by Park) from another institution bulletin known as the (Seobuk Hakhwae Weolbo), as articles of which the authors were not confirmed, or articles written by authors only named as 'Ilgija'(ไธ€่จ˜่€…) or 'Hwangseongja' (็š‡ๅŸŽๅญ), were all included in the selection with no legitimate explanations. This error was repeated in selecting articles (of which the authors are yet to be ascertained)from the newspaper In this research, in order to correct the problems of the original list, and salvage more legitimate writings of Park from various sources such as institution bulletins, journals or newspapers(some of which were not referred toin the original list, namely the ), several criteria for selection were newly suggested. In the case of bulletins or journals, first the fact that Park Eun Shik was the chief editor of bulletins or journals such as the or was considered, and articles of which the author was titled 'Bongija'(ๆœฌ่จ˜่€…) were all considered to have been legitimately written by Park himself. Secondly, considering the fact that Park was maintaining a close relationship with Choi Nam Seon, and the fact that that relationship was being mirrored in the published materials of the or , this research was also able to establish some additional articles as Park's own writings

    A study on the historical appearance of Gaehwa[้–‹ๅŒ–] and Sugu[ๅฎˆ่ˆŠ] around the end of the Joseon dynasty

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    This paper is to examine the historical concept of Gaehwa[้–‹ๅŒ–] and Sugu[ๅฎˆ่ˆŠ] in the modern Korea. Gaehwa, generally accepted as the synonym for enlightenment, had been long considered to indicate the modern transformation of the traditional Korea, while Sugu, literally meaning conservativeness, actually acquiring the historical meaning in the context of the opposition to Gaehwa. In this point, Gaehwa and Sugu was the representative term on the controversial attitude to the modernization of the Joseon Korea. The political conflict and collision between Gaehwa and Sugu from the year of 1876(Port-opening to Japan) till the year of 1894(Gabo Reform) was regarded as the important topic to understand the Korean modernization in the Korean textbooks on Korean history. However, there can be found no evidence for this kind of conventional notion in the Korean chronicle as Silok[ๅฏฆ้Œ„] and the daily records of the government office SeungJeongWeon[ๆ‰ฟๆ”ฟ้™ข]. The semantic order of compound terms in them that include Gaehwa and Sugu makes it clear that the year of 1894 was not the ending but the beginning of the historical appearance of Gaehwa and Sugu. Gaehwa was identified to Gabo Reform and Sugu to the reaction to it. In process of the political upheaval of Gabo Reform Gaehwa and Sugu confronted each other in hostility as the action and reaction of the Reform. As the result, Gaehwa and Sugu became the notion of Gaehwa and Sugu for the first time, affecting political and historical viewpoints on the Koreas past and present in Great Han Empire period. In conclusion, Gaehwa[้–‹ๅŒ–] and Sugu[ๅฎˆ่ˆŠ] should be thought to be the Korean historical phenomenon caused by Gabo Reform
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