A Study on Rational Improvement of the Korean Duty Free Shop Policy

The scale of world’s duty free market was USD 62 billion as of 2015 and it is expected to continue growing in the future. As of 2025 it is expected to amount USD 125 billion. As of 2016, the sales of the domestic duty free shops were the greatest at KRW 12 trillion and USD 275.7 billion, which increased by 33.5%. With yearly increasing sales and tourists, the duty-free industry in Korea has been called as the ‘goose that lays the golden egg’, but the recent business operations of duty free shops are not as good. Since the 2013 revision of the Customs Act, the conflict over the patent system for duty free shops has been worsened and there have been suspicions for a preferential treatment in selecting new duty free shops. In 2013, for the reasons of alleviation of monopolies and coexistence between SMEs and larger enterprises in the duty free industry, the patent period has been shortened and it was changed from the automatic renewal of the patent to the competitive tender system. Due to the political circles’ contention that in the duty free market large enterprises are given a preferential treatment to hold a monopoly status, the Customs Act was revised to change the patent system for duty free shops. The paten period for duty free shops has been shorted from 10 years to 5 years. Upon expiration of the patent period, the renewal of the patent is not permitted and business operators selected through competitive tendering. Subsequently, after the year 2015 side effects have been appearing such as elimination of preexisting business operators and shrinkage of investment due to increased uncertainty in the new duty free business. This brought social problems such as difficulties in recovering previously invested facilities and funds from divesting the business due to a failure of the patent renewal for the duty free business as well as employment instability of workers to the fore. Additionally, the time-limited business period deepened the uncertainty for newly emerging enterprises in the duty free business, resulted from difficulties for robust investment, lower bargaining power to attract name brands, etc. In the regard, the government in 2016 announced the ‘improvement measures for duty free business policies’ to change the patent period from 5 years back to 10 years and to allow the renewal of the patent for preexisting enterprises with no grounds for disqualification. However, the amendment bill did not pass through the National Assembly. In addition to the institutional environment, during the year 2017 with China’s retaliation for Korea’s THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) and North Korea’s missile launches, the number of Chinese tourists dropped sharply. Lotte Duty Free Store, the top ranking enterprise in the industry, was not in the red in 2015 even with the sharply reduced tourists due to the MERS outbreak but it is unprecedentedly suffering with a deficit of KRW 29.8 billion in the second quarter of 2017 alone. A number of new downtown duty free stores in Seoul are still in the red. Externally, neighboring countries including China and Japan recognize duty free stores as the infrastructure of tourism and are focusing on the promotional policies. In this sense, it can be said that it is a crucial time to refine duty free business policies to retain and support the world’s strongest competitiveness. For the improvement and development of the duty free industry, it is important to understand the national legislation and explore ways to improve the problems in the legal system. For this reason, in this paper the patent system was examined with a view to explore ways for the development of Korea’s duty free industry and to make suggestions of improvement measures for the patent system.List of Tables ii List of Figures iii Abstract iv 제 1 장 서 론 1 1.1 연구의 배경 및 필요성 1 1.2 연구의 목적 및 방법론 1 1.3 논문의 구성 2 제 2 장 면세점 특허제도의 일반적 이론 4 2.1 면세점 개요 4 2.2 면세점 특허제도의 개념과 요건 5 2.3 면세점과 면세품 판매사업의 특성 13 제 3 장 면세점 산업의 현황 및 특허제도 22 3.1 면세점 산업의 현황 22 3.2 면세점 특허제도의 주요 문제점 28 제 4 장 면세점 특허제도의 합리적 발전방안 41 4.1 면세점 산업의 정체성 확립 41 4.2 효율적·경쟁적 면세점 시장구조의 조성 42 4.3 면세점 특허수수료의 합리적 조정 50 4.4 대기업 면세점과 중소·중견 기업의 상생 51 4.5 송객수수료 등 관광사업자 등에 대한 경제적 이익제공의 한계 규정 52 제 5 장 결 론 54 참고문헌 58Maste

Genetic selection for genes of 434 phage repressor recognizing HIV-1 transcription start region

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :화학과 생화학전공,1997.Maste

Ga assisted flower-like silica nanostructure

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 화학과, 2003.8, [ [iii], 39 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 화학과

Development of the ENACT Model for Cultivating Social Responsibility of College Students in STEM Fields

This study aims to introduce the ENACT model, which is a systematic teaching-learning model for cultivating social responsibility of science and engineering college students, and to discuss its educational implications. For the development of the ENACT model, we conducted extensive literature reviews on RRI, STEM education, and science and technology studies (STS). In addition, we examined exemplary overseas education programs emphasizing social responsibility of scientists/engineers and citizens. The ENACT model consists of five steps; 1) Engage in SSIs, 2) Navigate SSIs, 3) Anticipate consequences, 4) Conduct scientific and engineering practice, and 5) Take action. This model links Socioscientific Issues (SSI) education with engineering education, dividing the major elements of social responsibility education for scientists and engineers into the dimensions of epistemology and praxis, and reflected them in the model. This effort enables science and engineering college students to pursue more responsible and sustainable development by carrying out the responsible problem-solving process based on an understanding of the nature of science and technology. We plan to implement ENACT model based programs for science and engineering college students and to examine the effects.2

이타주의자 : 사피엔스에서 인공지능까지

지은이: 최정규, 이상수, 이진우, 김준홍, 김학진, 남창훈, 홍성

Exploring the Views of College Students in STEM Fields on the Social Responsibility of Scientists and Engineer

This study aimed to investigate the views of STEM college students on the social responsibility of scientists and engineers. A total of 660 students in STEM majors at several Korean universities participated in the study. We assessed social responsibility among college students in STEM majors using the VSRoSE scale, which taps into eight different domains of social responsibility: Concern for human welfare and safety (HUMAN), Concern for environmental sustainability (ENVIR), Consideration of societal risks and consequences (CONSEQ), Consideration of societal risks and consequences (CONSEQ), Consideration of societal needs and demands (NEEDS), Pursuit of the common good (COMGOOD), Civic engagement and services (CIVIC), Communication with the public (COMMU), and Participation in policy decision-making (POLICY). Group differences in social responsibility by gender, majors, and years in school were examined. Mean scores in HUMAN, ENVIR, and CONSEQ were relatively higher than those in NEEDS, COMGOOD, CIVIC, COMMU, and POLICY. Cluster analysis identified five different groups with similar patterns of social responsibility scores. In addition to two groups with overall high and low scores across all eight factors of VSRoSE, three additional groups with different combinations of high and low scores in different factors were identified. The results indicated that students with low social responsibility are not homogeneous and these heterogeneous sub-groups of students will need tailored interventions highlighting different factors of social responsibility that they lack. Pedagogical implications of social responsibility for education were discussed.2

소년소녀, 과학하라! : 탐구 지수 만렙을 위한 과학자들의 꿀팁 대방출

김범준 [등] 지

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTENT MODULARIZE

컨텐츠 모듈화 방법 및 장치가 개시된다. 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 컨텐츠 모듈화 방법은, 전자책에 포함되는 제1 컨텐츠의 식별자를 인지하는 단계와, 상기 인지된 제1 식별자에 대응되어 보관되는 연관 식별자를, 데이터베이스에서 검색하는 단계, 및 상기 검색된 연관 식별자에 의해 식별되는 제2 컨텐츠를 제공하는 단계를 포함한다.전자책에 포함되는 제1 컨텐츠가 화면에 표시 됨에 따라,상기 제1 컨텐츠의 제1 식별자를 인지하는 단계;상기 인지된 제1 식별자에 대응되어 보관되는 연관 식별자를, 데이터베이스에서 검색하는 단계;상기 제1 컨텐츠가 표시되는 화면 상에, 상기 연관 식별자를 배열하는 리스트를 제공하는 단계; 및카테고리 연관성을 고려하여, 상기 연관 식별자 간에 깊이 관계를 시각화하여, 상기 연관 식별자에 의해 식별되는 제2 컨텐츠 간의 관계를 안내하는 단계를 포함하는 컨텐츠 모듈화 방법