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    (The) Effect of an Educational Program Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on Breastfeeding Behavior

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    κ°„ν˜Έν•™κ³Ό/박사[ν•œκΈ€] λͺ¨μœ κ°€ μ§€λ‹Œ 건강이읡을 λ§Žμ€ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ§€μ ν•˜μ˜€κ³  전문직 단체 및 민간단체에 μ˜ν•œ ꡐ윑 μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ„œκ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ΅μœ‘μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ 높은 여성듀을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ  λΉˆλ„κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλŠ” 주둜 λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보 및 μΈμ‹μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” 좔세이닀. λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜ λΉˆλ„μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨μš”μΈμ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” μ„œμˆ μ  상관관계 연ꡬ가 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄κ³  λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ ꡐ윑의 효과λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ“œλ¬Όκ³  μΌμΉ˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 결과듀을 μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ³„νšλœ ν–‰μœ„ 이둠 (Theory of Planned Behavior, TPB)은 μ˜μ§€μ— μ˜ν•œ ν†΅μ œκ°€ μ œν•œλ˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 예츑λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œ 합리적 ν–‰μœ„μ΄λ‘ (Theory of Reasoned Action ; TRA)에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Ajzen, 1985) 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ˜μ§€λŒ€λ‘œ μž˜λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ ν–‰μœ„λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…λ ₯이 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보고된 TP8λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 이둠검증연ꡬ와 TPBλͺ¨λΈμ— κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ°œλ°œν•œ ν›„ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 효과λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 비동등 λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° 전후섀계(Nonequivalent control group pretest posttest design)에 μ˜ν•œ μœ μ‚¬μ‹€ν—˜μ—°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμ€ 전뢁 Eμ‹œ, Kμ‹œ 및 D μ§ν• μ‹œμ— μ†Œμž¬ν•œ 3개 λŒ€ν•™λΆ€μ†λ³‘μ›μ˜ 산뢀인과 λ³‘λ™μ—μ„œ μ œμ™•μ ˆκ°œμˆ˜μˆ λ‘œ λΆ„λ§Œν•œ μ‚°λͺ¨λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ νŽΈμ˜ν‘œμΆœν•œ 101λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅° 39λͺ…, λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° 62λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬λ„κ΅¬λŠ” Ajzen & Fishbein(1980)의 λ„κ΅¬κ°œλ°œμ§€μΉ¨μ„ 근거둜 ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μžκ°€ κ°œλ°œν•œ νƒœλ„, 주관적 κ·œλ²”, μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œ 및 μ˜μ§€μ— κ΄€ν•œ 츑정도ꡬλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ TPBλ₯Ό κ·Όκ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ 50λͺ…μ˜ μ‚°λͺ¨λ“€μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 심측면접을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ 신념을 λ„μΆœν•œ ν›„ λ¬Έν—Œκ³ μ°°μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹ λ…μ˜ κ°•ν™”λ₯Ό λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘κΈ°κ°„μ€ 1994λ…„ 2뭘 20일뢀터 1994λ…„ 3μ›” 31μΌκΉŒμ§€λŠ” 신념을 λ„μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 심측면접이 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ , 1994λ…„ 7μ›” 20일뢀터 1994λ…„ 10μ›” 5μΌκΉŒμ§€λŠ” κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ 검증을 μœ„ν•œ μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬ μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ˜ 확산을 λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°μ˜ μžλ£Œμˆ˜μ§‘μ΄ λλ‚œ ν›„ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ˜ 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€κ³  μ‚¬μ „μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°, λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° λͺ¨λ‘ 수술 전날에 TPB 변인을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ , 수술 ν›„ 3∼4일에 μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ—κ²Œλ§Œ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ  κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž­μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 1μ°¨ μ‚¬ν›„μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” 수술 ν›„ 6∼7일에 TPB 변인을 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€κ³  2μ°¨ μ‚¬ν›„μ‘°μ‚¬λŠ” μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ 4주째에 λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μžλ£ŒλΆ„μ„μ€ X2_text, 1-test, Pearson Product-moment Correlation, 곡뢄산뢄석(Analysis of Covariance), μœ„κ³„μ μ€‘λ‹€νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ (Hierachical Multip1e Regression)을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ μš”μ•½μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ νƒœλ„, 주관적 κ·œλ²”, μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œλŠ” λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ  μ˜μ§€μ™€ μˆœμƒκ΄€κ΄€κ³„λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆκ³  νƒœλ„, 주관적 κ·œλ²”μ— μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œκ°€ μ²¨κ°€λ˜μ–΄ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…λ ₯이 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μƒμŠΉν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 이 μ„Έ 변인쀑 μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œλ§Œμ΄ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€μ— λŒ€ ν•œ μœ μ˜ν•œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€ 및 μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ν†΅μ œλŠ” λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„와 μœ μ˜ν•œ μˆœμƒκ΄€κ΄€κ³„κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©° λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€μ— μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œκ°€ μΆ”κ°€λ˜μ–΄ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„에 λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…λ ₯은 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€λ§Œμ΄ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 예츑효과λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. "λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œκ³΅λ°›μ€ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λΉˆλ„κ°€ 더 높을 것이닀"λŠ” 지지받지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. (f2_ 2.29, p=.32)"λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œκ³΅λ°›μ€ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ νƒœλ„ μ μˆ˜κ°€ 더 높은 것이닀."λŠ” 곡뢄산뢄석결과 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό 보여 μ§€μ§€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. (F=3.736, p=.000) "λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œκ³΅λ°›μ€ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ μ§€κ°λœ ν–‰μœ„ ν†΅μ œμ μˆ˜κ°€ 더 높을 것이닀. "λŠ” κ³΅λΆ„μ‚°λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό 보여 μ§€μ§€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. (F= 15.741, p=.000) "λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œκ³΅λ°›μ€ μ‹€ν—˜κ΅°μ€ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅°λ³΄λ‹€ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ μ˜μ§€ μ μˆ˜κ°€ 더 높을 것이닀. "λŠ” 곡뢄산뢄석결과 μœ μ˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό 보여 μ§€μ§€λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. (F=10.290, p=.02) μ΄μƒμ˜ 연ꡬ결과 Theory of Planned BehaviorλŠ” λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…, μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ λͺ¨λΈμž„이 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆκ³  TPB λͺ¨λΈμ„ 근거둜 ν•˜μ—¬ 개발된 κ΅μœ‘ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— μ˜ν•΄ λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ§€λŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ ν–‰μœ„λŠ” μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 의 지이외에 λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ ν–‰μœ„에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜ˆμΈ‘μš”μΈμ„ 규λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μ œμ–Έν•˜λ©° λͺ¨μœ μˆ˜μœ  증진을 μœ„ν•œ κ°„ν˜Έκ³„νšμ„ μ„ΈμšΈλ•Œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ λ³€ν™”λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν–‰μœ„μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆλŠ” 생리적, ν™˜κ²½μ  μš”μΈμ„ ν•¨κ»˜ κ³ λ €ν•  것을 ꢌμž₯ν•œλ‹€. [영문] There has been considerable investigation supporting the health benefits of breastfeeding. The incidence of breastfeeding has increased in Western Europe and United States among the upper socioeconomic levels, but the trend of breastfeeding has been decreasing in Korea, mainly due to a lack of propel information on the art of breastfeeding. The majority of studies on breastfeeding consist of descriptive correlational studies identifying the incidence and correlates of breastfeeding. Some studies relative to the effects of educational programs revealed that the incidence and duration of breastfeeding may be increased with the influence of education, but other studies indicate that breastfeeding education was effective in increasing knowledge, but did not increase the incidence or duration of breastfeeding. These studies have generated inconsistent findings. The theory of planned behavior has been shown to yield great predictive power for behavioral goals over which individuals have only limited control such as improving school grades and weight loss. The purpose of this study was to test the "theory of planned behavior" in the prediction of breastfeeding behavior of mothers who delivered by cesarean section and to investigate the effect of a breastfeeding educational program based on the TPB. This study was a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent contro] group pretest-posttest design. One hundred and one mothers who delivered by cesarean section in three educational hospitals in E city, K city in Jeon Buk and D city participated in the study. The 101 subjects were assigned to experimental(39 mothers) and control (62 mothers) groups. Based on the theory of planned behavior, beliefs about breastfeeding were elicited from 50 postpartum mothers by an indepth interview, and an educational program was developed based on beliefs and literature review. The instruments were developed by this researcher following the guidelines suggested by Ajzen & Fishbein(1980), and were used for data collection. The instruments included attitude toward breastfeeding, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention. The indepth interview was done from February 20, 1994 to March 31, 1994 and the experimental treatment, using the educational Program, was employed from July 20, 1994 to October 5, 1994. A pretest was done on the preoperative day and the educational program was given to the experimental group on the third-fourth postoperative day. The first posttest data was collected one week after the surgery, and three weeks later a telephone call was done to collect the second posttest data. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, the t-test, the Pearson product-moment correlation, the Analysis of covariance and the Hierarchical multiple regression. The results are as fellows : 1. Intention to breastfeed correlated significantly with attitude, subjective norm, and perceived control and both attitude and subjective norm made significant contributions to the prediction of intention, but the addition of perceived behavioral control greatly improved the model's predictive power. 2. Actual breastfeeding correlated significantly with intention and perceived control and the addition of perceived control improved slightly the prediction of breastfteding behavior on the basis of intention alone. 3. Hypothesis; "The experimental group receiving the educational program will show a higher breastfeeding frequency than the control group" was not supported. (x'7=2.290, p= .32) 4. Subhypothesis 1 ; "The experimental group given the educational program will demonstrate a higher attitude score than the control group"was supported. (F=3.376, p= .000) 5. Subhypothesis 2 ; "The experimental group receiving the educational program will demonstrate a higher score of perceived behavioral control than the control group" was supported. (F= 15.741, p=.000) 6. Subhypothesis 3 ; "The experimental group given the educational program will show a higher level of intention than the control group"was supported.(F= 10.290, p= .020) In conclusion, this study identified that the theory of planned behavior was a useful model in the prediction of breast feeding behavior, and the educational program based on the TPB was an effective nursing intervention for the promotion of breastfeeding.prohibitio
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