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    A Study on The Effective Shift Pattern for Field Employee in Busan Container Terminal

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    ν•­λ§Œν•˜μ—­ μž‘μ—…μ€ μž‘μ—…μ‹œκ°„μ΄ κ³ μ •λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. 선석에 λ°°κ°€ μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μΆœκ·Όμ„ ν•˜μ—¬λ„ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ˜€ν”„ν”Όν¬(off peak)μ‹œμ™€ λͺ¨λ“  선석에 선박이 μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜μ—¬ 인λ ₯이 뢀쑱함에 따라 κ΅λŒ€ 및 μ‹μ‚¬μ‹œκ°„μ—λ„ μž‘μ—…μ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 피크(peak) νƒ€μž„μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 아무리 μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 선박이 μ •μ‹œμ„±μ„ 가진닀고 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μ—¬κ±΄λ“€λ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ μ •μ‹œμ— μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜κΈ°κ°€ 쉽지 μ•Šμ€ 상황이닀. λ˜ν•œ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널은 ν•˜μ—­ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ™€ ν•˜μ—­μš”μœ¨ 그리고 뢀산항을 κ²½μœ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ“± μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 이유둜 μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 선박이 계약을 ν•΄μ§€ν•˜κ³  타 ν„°λ―Έλ„λ‘œ μ΄μ „λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ˜λŠ” μ‹ κ·œ 선박이 μœ μΉ˜λ˜λŠ” 과정을 κ±°μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ„±μž₯ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μƒ 적정인원을 λ³΄μœ ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€, 효율적인 κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무λ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 과제라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 특히 졜근 λ“€μ–΄ λ―Έκ΅­ 발 세계 경기의 지속적인 침체 μ†μ—μ„œ κΈ€λ‘œλ²Œ λ¬Όλ™λŸ‰μ€ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  있으며, μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ μˆ˜μ΅μ„±μ€ μ•…ν™”μΌλ‘œλ₯Ό μΉ˜λ‹«κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 침체 μ†μ—μ„œ 각 터미널듀은 μ›κ°€μ ˆκ°κ³Ό 경쟁λ ₯ 확보λ₯Ό μ΅œμš°μ„  μ •μ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ‚ΌμœΌλ©° 효율적인 κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 관심을 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 싀정이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν•­λ§Œμ˜ 경쟁λ ₯ 확보와 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ— λ§žλŠ” 효율적인 κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œλ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째, κ΅λŒ€μ œμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μœ ν˜• 그리고 쒅업원에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ΅λŒ€μ œμ˜ 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜κ³ , λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널에 λ„μž…λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό μΌλ°˜κΈ°μ—…μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬λ§Œμ΄ κ°€μ§€λŠ” κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œμ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, μ‹€μ œ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ ν•΄μ™Έ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , λ„·μ§Έ, λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ μƒμ‚°μ„±μ˜ 연관성을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ 각 ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ 문제점과 κ·Έ κ°œμ„  λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λ‹€λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•­λ§Œμ˜ νŠΉμ„±μƒ κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ³€μˆ˜κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많고, μ²˜λ¦¬λ¬ΌλŸ‰, 선석 수, 쒅업원 수 λ“±μ˜ λ³€μˆ˜μ™€ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œμ˜ 연관성은 λ§Žμ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­μ˜ 각 터미널은 μžκ°€ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 졜적의 κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œλ₯Ό μ±„νƒν•˜κ³  있으며 λ§Žμ€ ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 변화에 μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•˜λŠ” 탄λ ₯적인 근무 μ œλ„λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯을 κ³„μ†ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν˜„μž¬ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ—μ„œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 첫째, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²•μ—λŠ” 법적 κΈ°λ³Έ κ·Όλ‘œμ‹œκ°„μ€ μ£Ό40μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  있고 1주일에 12μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ΄ˆκ³Όν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ—°μž₯근무λ₯Ό ν—ˆμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 법적 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ ν•­λ§Œμ˜ κ΅λŒ€μ œ κ·Όλ‘œμžλ“€λ„ μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ μΈμ›μœΌλ‘œ μ ‘μ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 선박에 탄λ ₯적으둜 λŒ€μ‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Όλ‘œμžμ—κ²Œλ„ λ§Žμ€ 이득이 λŒμ•„κ°ˆ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλœλ‹€. 특히 μž₯λΉ„κΈ°μ‚¬μ˜ 경우, 유휴 μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°λŠ₯이 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° 수 μžˆλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 ν‚€μ›Œ 인원뢀쑱에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μ„ 미리 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ 인적 νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ€ λ°°κ°€ 될 것이닀. λ‘˜μ§Έ, κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ ν˜„ν–‰ 근둜자 νŒŒκ²¬λ²•μ„ κ³ μ³μ„œ 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬λΌλ¦¬ μΈμ›μ˜ ꡐλ₯˜λ₯Ό ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ λ°°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” λŒ€κΈ°μ‹œκ°„μ— 인근 ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ³Όλ‹€ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ„ 도와쀀닀면 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬ μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 도움이 될 것이닀. 특히 ν˜„μž¬μ˜ λΆ€μ‚° 감만 ν„°λ―Έλ„μ΄λ‚˜ λΆ€μ‚° μ‹ ν•­μ˜ 경우, 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λ°”λ‘œ 인접해 μžˆμ–΄ 적정 인원에 λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒκ²¬μ€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ¦¬λΌ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ, 인λ ₯ ν’€(pool)제λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜μ—¬ 각 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬λ³„λ‘œ μ£Όμš”ν•œ 인λ ₯λ“€λ§Œ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 인λ ₯듀은 μ•„μ›ƒμ†Œμ‹±μ—…μ²΄μ—μ„œ νŒŒκ²¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μž‘μ—… λŒ€κΈ° μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 손싀은 많이 쀄어듀 것이닀. ν™μ½©μ˜ 경우 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν’€μ œλ₯Ό μš΄μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€ν˜• μ•„μ›ƒμ†Œμ‹± 업체가 3사가 μžˆμ–΄ 이듀이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 홍콩 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬μ— 인λ ₯을 κ³΅κΈ‰ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 각 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ λΆˆν•„μš”ν•œ μž‘μ—…μ‹œκ°„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 인건비λ₯Ό μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λΆ€μ‚° μ‹ ν•­μ˜ κ²½μš°λ„ 점차 개μž₯이 되면 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ•„μ›ƒμ†Œμ‹± μ—…μ²΄μ˜ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ„ 경쟁λ ₯ ν–₯상에 λ§Žμ€ 도움이 되리라 μƒκ°λœλ‹€. λ„·μ§Έ, κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œλž€ 항상 μ•Όκ°„μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ·Όλ¬΄ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œμ„±ν”Όλ‘œμ— 빠지기 쉽닀. 이λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κ³  ν•˜μ—­ μž‘μ—…μ˜ 생산성을 높이기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 μš΄μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” μ—¬κ°€λ₯Ό μ„ μš©ν•˜κ³  체λ ₯을 κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§Žμ€ 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 터미널 내에 체λ ₯ 단련싀을 두어 λŒ€κΈ°μ‹œκ°„μ— 체λ ₯을 κΈ°λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•œλ‹€λ“ μ§€, μ„œν΄ ν™œλ™μ„ ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ μ§μ›λ“€λΌλ¦¬μ˜ 친λͺ© 도λͺ¨μ™€ μ•„μšΈλŸ¬ 애사심을 κ³ μ·¨μ‹œν‚€κ³  λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ κ°€μ‘±λ“€κΉŒμ§€ 즐기게 ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λͺ¨μžλž€ κ°€μ‘±κ³Όμ˜ λŒ€ν™”μ‹œκ°„μ„ μΆ©μ‘±ν•  수 있게 λ˜λŠ” 것이닀.i.e. working at night for 6 days and 1 day off and working at day time for 6 days. The result of this paper provides improvement plan for the shift pattern in Busan port to strengthen their competitiveness and productivity.This study shows the issues of shift pattern for field employee in Busan container terminal and also improvement plan to solve them. Recently, financial crisis from subprime mortgage loan in America has made global economy break down and it has made container throughput in port industry quite decreased continuously. Accordingly, many container terminal operators in the world are looking for the solution to save cost and get competitiveness in order to survive under current global crisis situation. The change of shift pattern for field employees who work for vessel operation is one of the solutions to save the expenditures. In result of shift pattern change, the redundancy employees would be layoff via early retirement program. In this study, the theoretical background of the shift pattern and introduction case on general company and port are shown industry in Chapter 1 and 2. The third chapter describes the present various shift pattern in Busan port and other country's one such as HIT in Hong Kong as described in Chapter 3, YICT in China, JICT in Indonesia. Busan port needs to introduce a best practice for improving shift pattern from other countries. Connection between shift pattern and productivity in each container terminal operators in Busan port is described in chapter 4. As a result of this study, 5 improvement plans for shift pattern issues in Busan container terminals can be summarized as follows: First, currently container terminal in Busan port has too many regular employees to cope with full berth operation, but it would be very rare case for terminal to get full berth with vessels every month. Thus container terminals need to decrease the number of regular employees and make a contract with outsourcing company for flexible operations with lower manning cost. Second, it would be difficult for vessels to keep the voyage schedule due to weather condition, damage, and so on. And there are many vacancy period between each vessel schedule, in that time, field employees have to wait for next vessel in the rest room without doing. Thus terminal operators need to introduce the pooling system for manning productivities between close-by terminals like Gamman terminal or Busan new port. Both terminals can lend man power to avoid idle time for each other. Third, some field employees such as QC driver or signalman went home earlier than work ending time if they finish vessel operation before work ending time and next vessel is scheduled to berth after their working time. It makes other field employees who cannot go home earlier complainable and caused lower productivity. Then terminal operators have to consider to introduce job rotation between field employees for fairness and productivity. Forth, many employees who have worked at night with shift pattern in port industry have chronic fatigues which caused lower productivity, safety accident and week physical condition. Then container terminal operators have to provide employees with many chances for them to enjoy sports and leisure with colleagues and their families. Fifth, container terminal operators have to improve the working condition for field employees who have worked in port industry with 2 team 2 shift제1μž₯ μ„œλ‘  = 1 제1절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  = 1 제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법과 ꡬ성 = 3 제2μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ = 5 제1절 κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 κ°œλ… = 5 1. κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 μ •μ˜ = 5 2. κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 λ„μž… = 7 3. κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 λ³€ν™” = 8 제2절 κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 영ν–₯ = 9 1. 개인 μƒν™œμ˜ μ €ν•΄ = 10 2. μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±λ„μ˜ μ €ν•˜ = 14 제3절 κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 μœ ν˜•κ³Ό λ„μž…μ‚¬λ‘€ = 15 1. κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 μœ ν˜• = 15 2. κ΅λŒ€μ œ 근무의 λ„μž… 사둀 = 25 제4절 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€μ œ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό νˆ¬μž…μΈλ ₯의 μ’…λ₯˜ = 27 1. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 μ’…μ‚¬μ›μ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό λΆ„λ₯˜ = 27 2. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜•νƒœ = 29 3. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널과 μΌλ°˜κΈ°μ—…μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ 비ꡐ = 32 4. κ΅λŒ€μ œκ·Όλ¬΄ νˆ¬μž…μΈλ ₯의 μ’…λ₯˜ = 35 제3μž₯ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜„ν™© = 37 제1절 λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜„ν™© = 37 1. λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 μ‹œμ„€ν˜„ν™© = 37 2. λΆ€μ‚°ν•­μ˜ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ μ²˜λ¦¬μ‹€μ  ν˜„ν™© = 38 3. λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ 인원 및 κ΅λŒ€μ œ ν˜„ν™© = 39 제2절 ν•΄μ™Έ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ ν˜„ν™© = 42 1. 홍콩 HIT = 42 2. 쀑ꡭ YICT = 45 3. μΈλ„λ„€μ‹œμ•„μ˜ JICT = 48 제4μž₯ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œμ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„± 비ꡐ = 50 제1절 κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œλ³„ 생산성 비ꡐ뢄석 = 50 1. μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ 터미널 μ„ λ°• μž‘μ—… 생산성 비ꡐ = 51 2. κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œλ³„ 쒅업원 생산성 비ꡐ = 53 제2절 μ»¨ν…Œμ΄λ„ˆ ν„°λ―Έλ„μ˜ κ΅λŒ€κ·Όλ¬΄μ œ 문제점 및 κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ = 55 제5μž₯ κ²°λ‘  = 63 제1절 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ μš”μ•½ = 63 제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 및 ν–₯ν›„ μ—°κ΅¬κ³Όμ œ = 65 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ = 6
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