36 research outputs found

    Gift through Related Party Transaction and Gift Tax Act

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ํ™ฉ์ด์„.I examine the gift through related party transaction (Gift-through-RPT). I measure the magnitude of Gift-through-RPT using two components: the amount of related party sales for gift (RPS-for-gift) and the operating margin ratio of the RPS-for-gift. I find that the group owners relatives equity holding in unlisted related companies is the main determinant for RPS-for-gift and that the operating margin ratio of the RPS-for-gift is not different from similar transactions with the third parties. When I classify related party sales (RPS) into RPS between parent and subsidiaries and RPS between non-parent-subsidiaries relationship, I find that RPS between non-parent-subsidiaries relationship is more adequate to measure RPS-for-gift than the aggregated RPS. For additional test, I compare the difference in the amount of RPS-for-gift and the operating margin ratio of the RPS-for-gift between 2008 ~ 2011 and 2012, to see the effect of the enforcement of the article 45(3) in Inheritance and Gift Tax Act (the Gift Tax Act regarding Gift-through-RPT), effective in 2012. I find the Gift Tax Act is not effective in diminishing the amount of RPS-for-gift as well as the operating margin ratio of the RPS-for-gift in 2012.Table of Contents 1. Introduction โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.1 2. Institutional Background and Related Gift Tax โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 6 3. Literature Review โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.... 9 3.1. Two Alternative Hypotheses on RPTs โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 9 3.2. Literature on RPTs โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.........11 4. Hypothesis and Research Design โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 14 4.1. Main Test โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.......14 4.2. Additional Test โ€“ Effect of Gift Tax Act โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. 23 5. Sample Selection and Descriptive Statistics โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ... 25 6. Empirical Results โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.โ€ฆ32 6.1. Main Test Result โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ....โ€ฆ32 6.2. Additional Test Result โ€“ Effect of Gift Tax Act โ€ฆ41 7. Conclusions and Discussions โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ.. 43Maste

    ํ•˜์ดํผ๋ง ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์˜์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐ. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2008.2Maste

    ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ํ•ด์„ํ•™ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2020. 8. ๊ฐ•๋Œ€์ค‘.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ(H-G, Gadamer)์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ํ•ด์„ํ•™์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝœ๋ธŒ(D. Kolb)์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 1984๋…„ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ฝœ๋ธŒ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 2015๋…„์— ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ใ€Ž๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šตใ€ ์ €์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก ์€ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์‹์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต, ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”, ๋Šฅ๋™์  ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์œ ํ˜•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ•™์Šต์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋“ค์ด ๋น„ํŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ผˆ์Šจ(E. Michelson)์€ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€์ฒ™์ ์ธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์ผˆ์Šจ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์ œ2ํŒ์„ ๋‚ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต์ˆœํ™˜์€ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์ˆœํ™˜์ž„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์Šต์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๋„์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ชจํ˜ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋น„ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋งํ•œ ์ด์ฒด์  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์–‘๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์€ ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œ2ํŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ2ํŒ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ๋Š” ์ €์„œ ใ€Ž์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•ใ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ์ด์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ, ์ง€์‹, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ํƒœ์ƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ต๋ณ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ‰์ƒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์•  ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ ๊ต๋ณ€์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.This study tries to understand David Kolbs Experiential Learning Theory(KELT) through the philosophical Hermeneutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. First, it looks into the understanding of Kolb's experiential learning presented in 1984, and other critics understandings of experiential learning. In addition, the study compares the advanced understanding of Kolb in 2015 to those of critics and attempts to understand KELT and criticisms differently through Gadamer's argument. In his book ใ€ŽExperiential Learningใ€, Kolb explains how experience plays a role in learning. He defines learning as "the process whereby knowledge is created through transformation of experience" and explains the relationship among experience, learning and knowledge. Learning cycles into concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experiment, and a learner reacts to the learning situation with a strategy of learning style. Furthermore, a learner develops oneself to the integrated stage through learning. Different understandings of experiential learning from that of Kolb have appeared as criticisms. Elena Michelson, who has the most contrasting understanding of experience with that of Kolb's, has raised a counterargument against his theory. She and other critics first criticize the ambiguity of concrete experience, secondly the dichotomy of experience and reflection, and thirdly the individualistic experience. In its second edition, Kolb emphasizes that the learning cycle is a spiral, and uses the concept of learning flexibility to describe the mobility of learners who transact with the environment. He also introduces a learner who achieves self-development by their own will through deliberate experiential learning and metacognitive learning. Moreover, he responds the previous criticisms. Kolb supplements the description of concrete experience with pure experience'. When it comes to claims that experience and reflection are divided in a dichotomous way, he contradicts them by arguing that they did not understand what he calls the holistic process. Finally, he explains that although his theory focuses on individuals, it is compatible with the critical theory. But his counterargument does not appear to be affective. Although Kolb tries to offer a new understanding of experiential learning through the second edition, previous criticisms against KELT still remain valid. The study contradicts the previous criticisms against Kolb's theory, using Gadamer's discussion, in his book ใ€ŽTruth and Methodใ€, in which that Gadamer carefully analyzes the historical and social nature of experience. The here-and-now experience can be defined as all previous experiences and history through Gadamer. The experience we face is a new experience, as Kolb says, but it is also a historical experience. Second, Gadamer does not consider experience and reflection as two different concepts. Experience is accompanied by previous reflection, and reflection is also accompanied by previous experience. Experience and reflection allow us to realize human finiteness, which means self-awareness. The concepts of experience, reflection, knowledge and identity are not treated separately in Gadamer's discussion. Thirdly, according to Gadamer, our experience is bound to be influenced by language, and language itself is social. Thus, our experience is inevitably social. Through language and history, a learner transacts with environment in a sense that a learner and environment are changing each other. KELT, through Gadamers theory, has three lifelong educational implications. First, experience can be identified as the lifelong course of learning and development. Second, experience can induce the meaning of life itself through self-awareness of human finiteness and helps us to meditate the meaning of lifelong learning. Third, experience emphasizes the social aspect of learning by illuminating the characteristics of the transaction.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 II. 1984๋…„ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก  8 1. ํ•™์Šต์ˆœํ™˜(Learning Cycle) 9 2. ํ•™์Šต์œ ํ˜•(Learning Style) 12 1) ํ•™์Šต๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์œ ํ˜• 12 2) ์ ์‘์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ(adaptive flexibility) 15 3. ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋ชจํ˜• 17 1) ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 17 2) ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ 19 3) ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์™„์ „์„ฑ 22 III. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก  ์ดˆํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ดํ•ด 24 1. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ 25 1) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๊ณ„์†์„ฑ 25 2) ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ฑ 26 3) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฏธ 27 2. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 28 1) ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 28 2) ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 29 3) ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 33 4) ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ 36 3. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 37 1) ๋“€์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์  ์˜คํ•ด 37 2) ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 39 3) ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์„ฑ 41 IV. 2015๋…„ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต์ด๋ก  42 1. ํ•™์Šต์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ 42 2. ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ํ•™์Šต์œ ํ˜• 45 1) ์•„ํ™‰ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•™์Šต์œ ํ˜• 45 2) ํ•™์Šต์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ(learning flexibility) 47 3. ์˜๋„์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต(deliberate experiential learning) 50 4. ๋น„ํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ก  53 1) ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝํ—˜(pure experience) 53 2) ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ด์ฒด์„ฑ 55 3) ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ดˆ์  57 V. ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ํ•™์  ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  59 1. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 59 1) ๋งˆ์Œ์ฑ™๊น€ ๋ฐ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  59 2) ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 61 3) ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 64 4) ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 66 2. ์ด์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 68 1) ์ œ2ํŒ์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  68 2) ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ์—ฐ์ ‘ 69 3) ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์— ๋†“์ธ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ 73 4) ์ž๊ธฐ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ 74 5) ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 76 3. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดˆ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ 79 1) ์ œ2ํŒ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฝœ๋ธŒ์˜ ๊ต๋ณ€์ž‘์šฉ 79 2) ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์–ธ์–ด 80 3) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ์„œ ์–ธ์–ด 84 4) ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋จธ์˜ ํ•ด์„ 85 5) ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 87 VI. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  88 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 88 1) ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 88 2) ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต 89 3) ๊ต๋ณ€์ž‘์šฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ˆœํ™˜ 91 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  93 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 96 Abstract 107Maste

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    A Study on the Authenticity of the Secret Agreement between Silla and Tang in Dapseolinguiseo

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    ๏ฝข์‹ ๋ผ๋ณธ๊ธฐ๏ฝฃ ๋ฌธ๋ฌด์™•11๋…„์กฐ์— ์‹ค๋ฆฐ ๏ฝข๋‹ต์„ค์ธ๊ท€์„œ๏ฝฃ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์— ๋…์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์Šน๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต๋ฌธ์„œ๋กœ์จ ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹น๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ผ์ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๏ฝข๋‹ต์„ค์ธ๊ท€์„œ๏ฝฃ์— ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊น€์ถ˜์ถ”์™€ ๋‹น ํƒœ์ข…์˜ ๋ฐ€์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ œ๊ณ ์ง€ ์ ๋ น์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ผโ€ค๋‹น ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋‹น์˜ ์•ฝ์†์œ„๋ฐ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์•ฝ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ณธํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋“œ๋ฌผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ค‘๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น ํƒœ์ข…์ด ๋ฐฑ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊น€์ถ˜์ถ”์˜ ์ฒญ๋ณ‘์— ์ „์Ÿ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์˜ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ€์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธก ์ž๋ฃŒ์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹น์˜ ๊ณ ๊ตฌ๋ ค ๋ฐ ๋ฐฑ์ œ ์ •ํ† ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ด€๊ณ„์ „๋žต์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฏธ์ •์ฑ…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐ€์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ฌด์™•์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ค‘๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์— ๋ฐ€์•ฝ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•ด ์ค„๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋„์นจ์ด ์œ ์ธ๊ถค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‚ฌํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ 661๋…„ ๋ฌด๋ ต์—๋Š” ์‹ ๋ผ์™€ ๋‹น์ด ๋ฐ€์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ผ์™€ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฒŒํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋‹น ํƒœ์ข…๋Œ€ ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ตญํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ 671๋…„์— ๋ฌธ๋ฌด์™•์ด ๋ฐฑ์ œ๊ณ ์ง€ ์ ๋ น์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์€ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด 647๋…„์— ๊น€์ถ˜์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๏ฝข๋‹ต์„ค์ธ๊ท€์„œ๏ฝฃ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊น€์ถ˜์ถ”์˜ ์ž…๋‹น์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฐฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น ํƒœ์ข…์ด 648๋…„์— ์ง€์€ ์˜จํƒ•๋น„๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ํŽธ์ฐฌ๋œ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ž…๋‹น์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๊น€์ถ˜์ถ”๋Š” 648๋…„ 12์›”์— ์ž…๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น ํƒœ์ข…์„ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋’ค, ๋ฐ€์•ฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. In the ๏ฝขDapseolinguiseo๏ฝฃ(็ญ”่–›ไป่ฒดๆ›ธ) included in the a secret agreement between Kim Chun Chu (๏คŠๆ˜ฅ็ง‹) and Tang Tai-tsung (ๅคชๅฎ—) is mentioned. Korean scholars make use of the document to validate Silla's occupation of Baekjae (็™พๆฟŸ) territory and to demonstrate that the cause of the Silla-Tang war was a breach of the agreement by Tang. However, Chinese scholars maintain that the secret agreement is not recorded in their history books and that the document was fabricated by King Mun-Mu (ๆ–‡ๆญฆ็Ž‹) in order to defend himself. I have examined the (่ˆŠๅ”ๆ›ธ) and have found historical records which support the authenticity of the secret agreement. Namely, it is certainly clear that the Baekjae Restoration Army (็™พๆฟŸๅพฉ่ˆˆ่ป) recognized the existence of a secret agreement in A.D. 661 at the latest โ€• this fact is evident in the negotiations which took place between a Baekjae envoy sent by Dochim (้“็›) and Yu-ingue (๏ง‡ไป่ปŒ) the Tang general. There is an opinion that the date of entry into Tang by Kim Chun Chu was A.D 647. But it is unreasonable to assume that the date of entry into Tang was A.D 647. This is due to the fact that Tang Tai-tsung gave the epigraph of On-Tang (ๆบซๆนฏ) and the new Chin-Su(ๆ™‰ๆ›ธ) to Kim Chun Chu in A.D 648. Therefore, I regard it as undeniable fact that there was a secret agreement between Silla and Tang after Kim Chun Chu entered into Tang in December, A.D 648

    ์ฒ ์› ๊ณ ์„์ • ์‹ ๋ผ๋น„์™€ ์‹ ๋ผ์˜ ์ฒ ์› ์ง„์ถœ

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    This paper examined the condition of Silla monument and its whereabouts as well as the erector and building time focused on records on the collected works. Besides I checked the meaning that Silla advanced Cheorwon in the time. I concluded that the monument was built by King Jinpyeong from 598 to 614 on investigation Koguryo and Silla relations. Cheorwon was not only an important geostrategic location on the east coast road that stretch from Pyeonggang to Wonsan that runs along the Churgaryeong Rift Valley but the route from Hanseong to Pyongyang. King Jinpyeong built the monument how important that fact is. The monument has relatively intact condition stayed to 1589 year. But The signature on it is hard to make out. Thereafter the monument was damaged. And it was lost from 1620 to 1626

    (Ti-8.5 at.% Al)ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์ค‘์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธํ™•์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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