291 research outputs found
MCDM์ ํ์ฉํ ๋ฌผ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ ์์ ์ฑ ์ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๋์
์๋ช
๊ณผํ๋ํ ์ํ์กฐ๊ฒฝยท์ง์ญ์์คํ
๊ณตํ๋ถ(์ํ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ), 2020. 8. ์ด๋๊ทผ.When establishing the climate adaptation planning, policy priority should be set for each sector based on the results of the synthesized analysis of climate change impact or vulnerability. No consensus on the uncertainty of climate change, and different interests make difficulties in selecting priorities. Decision-making methodologies used for climate change adaptation should be flexible as priorities vary greatly depending on stakeholder composition or adaptation options changes. Meanwhile, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), is used to evaluate objects with various aspects, distinguishes between characteristics of options through conflicting indicators. TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), one of the MCDM methods, evaluates the closeness of a hypothetical optimal alternative. By using this method, it is possible to reflect the personal characteristics of the respondents as much as possible, have less problems of ranking reversal, and have the advantage of judging the difference/similarity between alternatives, which can be a useful evaluation method for climate adaptation planning. In this study, expert group including municipalities and civic organizations were formed as a governance, and trustworthy adaptation policy priorities were derived via the evaluation results of the governance. A total of 65 experts participated in the questionnaire, and specifically, the governments and local government officials participating in the decision-making process, academic researchers who derive and interpret scientific results, and general citizens participated in the decision-making process. Most of the survey participants consisted of experts with over 10 years of experience in climate change adaptation management. Since different priority results can be generated for each group using TOPSIS, the method provides flexible priority, not one best priority. This method will allow decision-makers to expand their choices not only at the national level but also at the local level by adjusting the settings to suit the region. Priority results were presented for the 21 adaptation options derived for the water management sector, and the results are interpreted as relative closeness values. This study confirmed that selecting priorities in the adaptation requires a prioritizing method that can function flexibly according to the needs of decision makers. It also suggested how assessment indicators should be constructed appropriate for climate change adaptation and evaluation of adaptation options. From within-sector adaptation to external effects of climate change, indicators have been constructed to reflect how urgent it is in terms of policy feasibility. As a result of the survey, the priority of drought strategies such as Industrial, agricultural water demand management, Groundwater resource management, and Expansion of sewage reuse was high in the water management sector, followed by flood and water ecosystem strategies such as Build flood safety system at development stage and Water safety plan. While the results produced are only an example, the reliability and validity of the process can be improved by referring to these results in the decision-making process. It can be helpful in the planning process in that uncertain information can be assessed with limited resources, and the consistency of the process can be provided, and it can be used as a more useful way to link weighting methods with scientific data, such as impact assessment results in the future.๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ ์๊ณํ์ ์๋ฆฝ ์์๋ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ํฅ ๋๋ ์ทจ์ฝ์ฑ์ ๋ํ ์ข
ํฉ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ์ค์ ํด์ผ ํ๋ค. ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ์ ๋ํ ๋ถํ์ค์ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ๋ก ์ธํ์ฌ ์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ฝ์ง ์์ ์์
์ด๋ค. ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ ์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๊ธฐ ์ํ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ดํด๊ด๊ณ์์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋ณํ ํน์ ์ ์ฑ
๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ฐํ๊ฒ ๋์ฒํ ์ ์์ด์ผ ํ๋ค. ํํธ, ๋ค๊ธฐ์ค ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ๋ก (Multi-criteria decision-making; MCDM)์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ๋์์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํด์ ํ๊ฐ ๋์์ ๊ตฌ๋ณํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค. MCDM์ ํ๋์ธ ์ด์ ํด(่งฃ) ์ ์ฌ์ฑ ์ ํธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution; TOPSIS)์ ๊ฐ์์ ์ต์ ๋์๊ณผ์ ๊ทผ์ ๋๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๋ค. ์ด๋ ๊ฐ๋ณ ์๋ต์์ ๊ฐ์ธ ํน์ฑ์ด ๋ฐ์๋๋ฉด์๋ ์์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํผํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๋์ ๊ฐ์ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ ์ฌ์ฑ์ ํ๋จํ ์ ์์ด ๊ธฐํ ์ ์ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ ์ฉํ๊ฒ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น๋จ์ฒด์ ์๋ฏผ๋จ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์ง๋จ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ค์ ์ค๋ฌธ ์๋ต์ ํตํด ์ ๋ขฐํ ์ ์๋ ์ ์์ ์ฑ
์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์๋ค. TOPSIS๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฒ๋์ค์ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์์ ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฐ์ ์์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ํ๋์ ์ต์ ํด(่งฃ)๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋์์ ์ฐ์ ์์ ์ต์
์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์๋ ์ง์ญ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๋ง๋ ์ค์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์์ค์์์ ์ฐ์ ์์๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ง์ญ ์์ค์์๋ ์ ํ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์์ญ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฅ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฌผ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ๋ํด์ ๋์ถ๋ 21๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์ต์
์ ๋ํด์ ์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ์ ์๋์ ์ธ closeness ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋์ถ๋๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์, ์ ์ ๋ถ์ผ์์ ์ฐ์ ์์๋ฅผ ์ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ์๋ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์์ ์๊ตฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ฅํ ์ ์๋ ์ฐ์ ์์ ์ ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค๋ ์ ์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ ์๊ณผ ์ ์์ต์
ํ๊ฐ์ ์ ํฉํ ํ๊ฐ์งํ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๊ตฌ์ฑํด์ผ ํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ์ ์ํ์๋ค. ์๊ฒ๋ ๋ถ๋ฌธ ๋ด ์ ์์์๋ถํฐ ๊ธฐํ๋ณํ ์ธ์ ์ธ ํจ๊ณผ๊น์ง ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์ฑ
ํ๋น์ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์๊ธํ์ง๋ ๋ฐ์ํ ์ ์๋ ์งํ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ์๋ค. ์ค๋ฌธ์ง ์กฐ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐ์ ์์ ๋์ถ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๊ด๋ฆฌ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์์๋ ์ฐ์
/๋์
์์์ ์์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ, ์งํ์์์๊ด๋ฆฌ, ํ์ ์ฌ์ด์ฉ ํ๋ ๋ฑ ๊ฐ๋ญ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ฐ์ ์์๊ฐ ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์นจ์์์ ํ๋ณด ์ฒด๊ณ ๊ตฌ์ถ, ๋ฌผ ์์ ๊ณํ ๋ฑ์ ํ์์ ์์ํ๊ณ ์ ์ฑ
์ด ๊ทธ ๋ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋๋ค. ๋์ถ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ํ๋์ ์์์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ง๋ง, ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ๊ณผ ํ๋น์ฑ์ ํฅ์์ํฌ ์ ์๋ค. ์์์ด ์ ํ๋์ด ์๋ ์ํ์์ ๋ถํ์คํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ ์ ์๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ ํฉ์ฑ์ ์ ๊ณตํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ์ ์์ ๊ณํ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ํฅํ ๊ฐ์ค์น ๋ถ์ฌ ๋ฐฉ์ ๋ฑ์ ์ํฅํ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฑ ๊ณผํ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ์ ์ฐ๊ณํ๋ค๋ฉด ๋์ฑ ์ ์ฉํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฉ๋ ์ ์๋ค.Chapter 1. Introduction ๏ผ
1.1. Study Background ๏ผ
1.2. Purpose of Research ๏ผ
Chapter 2. Literature Review ๏ผ
Chapter 3. Methodology ๏ผ
3.1. Constructing Evaluation Criteria and a List of Adaptation Options in the Sector ๏ผ
3.2. Obtaining Stakeholder Opinion and Conducting the Policy Evaluation Questionnaire ๏ผ๏ผ
3.3. Choosing a Method to Synthesize Responses Determining the Final Priority ๏ผ๏ผ
Chapter 4. Results ๏ผ๏ผ
4.1. List of Adaptation Options in the Water Management Sector ๏ผ๏ผ
4.2. Adaptation Options Priority Result in Water Management Sector ๏ผ๏ผ
Chapter 5. Discussion ๏ผ๏ผ
5.1. Prioritization method suitable for climate change adaptation governance ๏ผ๏ผ
5.2. Proper criteria for evaluating adaptation options priority ๏ผ๏ผ
5.3. Discussion on the results of prioritization and key priority options ๏ผ๏ผ
Chapter 6. Conclusion ๏ผ๏ผ
Bibliography ๏ผ๏ผ
Abstract in Korean ๏ผ๏ผ
Appendix ๏ผ๏ผMaste
์ 2ํ ์ ๋์ ์ฅ์์ ์ ์ ๋ถ์์ ํตํ ์น๋ฃ ์ ๋ต ๋ชจ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์๊ณผ๋ํ ํ๋๊ณผ์ ์ข
์์๋ฌผํ์ ๊ณต,2020. 2. ํ๋์.Introduction: Papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2 (PRCC2) is refractory to systemic treatment and has a dismal prognosis compared with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In our previous study, PRCC2 had high PBRM1 expression and suggested that poor prognosis. Previous genetic studies showed that genetic alterations in PRCC2 were heterogeneous regardless of germline or somatic mutations. In this study, we aimed to perform precision treatment of PRCC2 based on genetic information.
Methods: We performed exome and genome sequencing of tumor tissues and matched normal samples. Based on sequencing data, we treated patients with metastatic PRCC2 using precision oncology.
Results: Four patients underwent curative surgery of PRCC2 and three patients had metastatic PRCC2. All PRCC2 heterogeneously harbored own driver mutations. Two out of the three patients with metastatic disease had fumarate hydratase (FH) germline mutations. One patient with a germline FH mutation was diagnosed with hereditary leiomyomatosis renal cell carcinoma. He was treated with bevacizumab and erlotinib combination and showed a durable response. The other metastatic PRCC2 patient harboring a germline FH mutation had an additional somatic FH mutation and was durably controlled with pazopanib. Other metastatic PRCC2 patient with somatic PBRM1 and SETD2 mutations had over 5 years of overall survival with axitinib treatment.
Conclusions: We performed precision systemic treatment based on genetic information. Genome sequencing could help identify candidates for targeted therapy in PRCC2, a genetically heterogeneous disease์๋ก : ์ ๋ ์ ์ฅ์ ์ํ2 (PRCC2)๋ ์ ์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๊ณ , ํฌ๋ช
์ธํฌ ์ ์ฅ์ (ccRCC)๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ํ์ ํ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ PRCC2๋ ๋์ PBRM1 ๋ฐํ์ ๋ณด์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ํ๊ฐ ์ข์ง ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ์๊ณ , ์ด์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ PRCC2์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ด ์์์ ๋๋ ์ฒด์ธํฌ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด์ ์๊ด์์ด ์ด์ง์ ์์ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ฃผ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก PRCC2์ ์ ๋ฐ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค.
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ: ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๋ ์ ์ฅ์ ์ํ2์ ์ข
์์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ ์์กฐ์ง์ ์ ์ฒด ์์ ์ํ์ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ๋ ์ํ์ฑ์ ์ํํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ํ์ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก, ์ ์ด์ฑ PRCC2 ํ์์์ ์ ๋ฐ ๋ง์ถค์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: 4 ๋ช
์ ํ์๊ฐ PRCC2์ ์น๋ฃ ์์ ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ๋ฉฐ 3 ๋ช
์ ํ์๋ ์ ์ด์ฑ PRCC2๋ก ์ง๋จ๋์๋ค. ๋ชจ๋ PRCC2๋ ์์ ์ ๋๋ผ์ด๋ฒ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ก๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ ์ด์ง์ ์ด์๋ค. ์ ์ด์ฑ ์งํ์ ๊ฐ์ง 3 ๋ช
์ ํ์ ์ค 2 ๋ช
์ ํธ๋ง ๋ ์ดํธ ํ๋๋ผ ํ์ (FH) ์์์ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ก๊ณ , ์์์ FH ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ํ ๋ช
์ ํ์๋ ์ ์ ์ฑ ํํ๊ทผ์ข
์ฆ ์ ์ฅ์์ผ๋ก ์ง๋จ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ ํ๊ด๋ดํผ์์ฑ์ธ์A๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ๋ ๋ฒ ๋ฐ์์ฃผ๋ง(bevacizumab) ๋ฐ ํํผ์ธํฌ์ฑ์ฅ์ธ์ ์์ฉ์ฒด ์ต์ ์ ์ธ ์๋กํฐ๋(erlotinib)์ผ๋ก ์น๋ฃ๋ฐ์๊ณ , ๋ด๊ตฌ์ฑ์ด ์๋ ๋ฐ์์ ๋ณด์๋ค. ์์์ FH ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด์ฑ PRCC2 ํ์๋ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฒด์ธํฌ FH ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ก๊ณ ์ ์ํ๊ด์์ฑ์ ์ต์ ํ๊ณ , ์ ํ์ ๋ค๋ฐ์ฑ ์์ฉ์ฒด ์ต์ ์ ์ธ ํ์กฐํ๋(pazopanib)์ผ๋ก ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์์๋ค. ์ฒด์ธํฌ PBRM1 ๋ฐ SETD2 ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ ์ด์ฑ PRCC2 ํ์๋ ์
์ํฐ๋(axitinib) ์น๋ฃ๋ก 5 ๋
์ด์์ ์ ์ฒด ์์กด์จ์ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ง์ถค์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํํ์๋ค. ์ ์ ์๋ถ์์ ์ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ง์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด ์น๋ฃ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋ ์ง๋ณ์ธ PRCC2์ ํ์ ์น๋ฃ ์ฝ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐ๋๋ค.Introduction 1
Material and Methods 4
Results 16
Discussion 39
Acknowledgement 45
References 46
Abstract in Korean 52Docto
์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ก ์ ๋๋ IL-10 ์์ฐ์ ์ํ ํฐํฌ์์ธํฌ์์ Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense์ ์ฆ์ ์ด์ง
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ์๊ณผ๋ํ ์ํ๊ณผ, 2021.8. ๊น์ง์ฐ.์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค (HCMV)๋ ฮฒ-herpesvirus์ ์ํ์ฌ ์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ ์ฝ 60~80%๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ผ๋์ด ์๋ค. ์ด๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ์ฆ์์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ์ง๋ง ํ์ ์ ๋ณต๊ฐ์ผ์ ํํ๋ก ์ฒด๋ด์ ์กด์ฌํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ ์ธํฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์ฌ์ดํ ์นด์ธ์ ์กฐ์ ์ ํตํ์ฌ ์์ฃผ์ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋์ด ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ํํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฑํ๊ฑฐ๋, ์์ฃผ ๋ด ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ํ์ฐ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ตฌ์ถํ๋ค. US2, 3, 11, UL111A ๋ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฉด์ญํํผ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ ์ํธํํ๊ณ ์์ด ์์ฃผ์ ์ ํธ์ ๋ฌ๊ณผ ํ์ฑ์ ์กฐ์ ํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์์ฃผ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ต์ ํ๊ฒฝ์์๋ ์์ฃผ์ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒด๊ณ๊ฐ ๋ณ์๊ท ์ ๋ฐฉ์ดํ ์ ์๋ ์ํฉ์ด ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์์ฃผ์ ๋ฉด์ญ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฐฐํ๊ฒ ๋๋ฉด ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ์์ฒด๊ฐ ๋์ผํ ์์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์๋ก, ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค์ ๋ฉด์ญ๊ฒฐํ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค์ ๋์๊ฐ์ผ์ด๋, ๊ฒฐํต์ ๋์๊ฐ์ผ ์ฌ๋ก๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋ ๋ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ์ด์ ๋ก, ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ ์ ๋ณต ๊ฐ์ผ๋ ์ํฉ์์ Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense (M. abscessus subsp. massiliense)๊ฐ ๊ณต๋๊ฐ์ผ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ด ๋ ๋์์ง์ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค.
๋น๊ฒฐํตํญ์ฐ๊ท (non-tuberculous mycobacteria, NTM) ์ค ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ์ฝ๋ฌผ๋ด์ฑ์ ๊ฐ๋ ์ข
์ธ Mycobateroides abscessus (MAB) complex๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ฆ์ํ๋ ๋ง์ด์ฝ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์๋ก, ํฐํฌ์์ธํฌ ๋ด๋ถ์์ ์ฃผ๋ก ์ฆ์ํ๋ค. ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐ์ผ์ด M. abscessus subsp. massiliense ์ง๋ณ์ ์ํ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๋์ง, ๋๋ ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ํ์ฆ์ ์์ธ์ด M. abscessus subsp. massiliense ์ง๋ณ ๋ฐ์ ์ธ์์ ์ ์ฌํ ์ ์๋์ง์ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ ์๋ ค์ง ๋ฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ ์ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ์์ ํตํด ํฐํฌ์์ธํฌ๊ฐ ๋ ๋ณ์์ฒด์ ๋์์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋์์ ๋ ์์ฃผ์ IFN-r, TNF-a, IL-1์ ๋ฉด์ญ ๋ฐ์์ด ์ฝํด์ง๊ณ M. abscessus subsp. massiliense์ ๋ํ ํญ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์์ฑ ๋ฉด์ญ ๋ฐ์์ด ์ค์ด๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ํ์ธํ๋ค. ํฐํฌ์์ธํฌ์ ์ฌ๋์ธํฌ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ผ๋์์ ๋ cmvIL-10์ ๋ถ๋น๊ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐํ์๊ณ ์ด๋ ์์ฃผ์ธํฌ IL-10์ ์ ํธ ์ ๋ฌ๊ณผ ์ ์ฌํ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก ์์ฃผ์ IL-10 ์์ฉ์ฒด์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ๋ค. ํฐํฌ์์ธํฌ์ HCMV๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ผ๋์์ ๋ ์์ฃผ์ IL-10 ๋ถ๋น๋ฅผ ์ด์งํ์๊ณ , IL-10 ์์กด์ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก M. abscessus subsp. massiliense์ ์ฆ์์ ์ด์งํ์๋ค. ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ๊ฐ์ผ ํ์ ์์ฐ๋๋ cmvIL-10์ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๋ฉด ์์ฃผ์ IL-10 ์์ฐ์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์๊ณ , ์์ฃผ์ IL-10์ ์คํ์ํจ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์๋ ๋ฐํ
๋ฆฌ์์ ์ฆ์์ด ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํตํด HCMV ๊ฐ์ผ์ด IL-10 ๋ถ๋น๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ํค๊ณ M. abscessus subsp. massiliense ์นจ์
์ ์์ฃผ์ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฉด์ญ์ํ๋ก ์ธํด ๋์ ๊ฐ์ผ์ด ํธ๋ฐํ๋ ํ์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ ์์๋ค.Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ฮฒ-herpesvirus and has a seroprevalence of approximately 60-80% of the worldโs population. In initial infections, the symptoms are minimal but it can establish a lifelong latent infection in the body. HCMV activity or a latent infection regulates the cell cycle and cytokines, which affects the host innate immune system and enables severe infection spreading within the human body. HCMV encodes immune evasion proteins such as US2, 3, 11 and UL111A which exacerbates the host immune response. In such a host immune-suppressive environment, there is a risk that the host immune system may not be able to adequately defend against pathogens. When HCMV controls the immune system of an infected host, other pathogens can infect the same host. As examples, HCMV and HIV or HCMV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection cases have been reported. Therefore, this study investigated whether or not Mycobacteroides abscessus subspecies massiliense (M. abscessus subsp. massiliense) is more likely to induce co-infection under HCMV latent infection.
M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, a rapidly growing Mycobacterium (RGM), is the most drug-resistant pathogen among the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). It is uncertain whether HCMV infection itself increases the risk of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense infection or a predisposition to HCMV viremia is the bacterial disease factor. As demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis, HCMV infection suppressed the regulatory pathways of interferon-gamma (IFN-ฮณ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ฮฑ), and interleukin-1 (IL-1), inhibiting the immune responses to M. abscessus subsp. massiliense co-infection in macrophages. In addition, the HCMV infection cycle regulates the IL-10 signaling cascade of the host cell. It was confirmed that cmvIL-10 signals and binds to receptors in a manner similar to host IL-10. Macrophage increased IL-10 secretion when infected with HCMV, in IL-10 dependent manner and promoted M. abscessus subsp. massiliense proliferation. When the cmvIL-10 produced after virus infection was removed, the production of host IL-10 reduced, and if the host IL-10 was neutralized, I found that the bacterial proliferation reduced. HCMV infection increases IL-10 secretion and provides a basis for the host immune response in the context of pathogenic M. abscessus subsp. massiliense co-infection.List of tables and figures. 1
Abbreviations. 3
Introduction 7
Materials and Methods. 15
Results 22
Discussion. 49
Reference. 53
Abstract in Korean 69๋ฐ
์น๋งค ํ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ๋๋ด์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ ํจ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๊ฐํธ๋ํ ๊ฐํธํ๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ํ์ฑํฌ.The number of persons with dementia is increasing, and due to the extended life span of dementia patients, it leads to longer periods of caregiving and increased level of caregiving burden. It has been reported that most people who are in mild to moderate severity of dementia live at home and are taken care by their families. The main caregivers are usually spouses, who also tend to be older adults, so the risk of physical and psychological burden increases. Since the health of the persons with dementia is closely related to the health of the caregiver, an intervention is needed for the health care of family caregivers of persons with dementia.
The purpose of this study is to develop and provide a physical exercise program using the sources that increase self-efficacy for family caregivers of persons with dementia living in the community and to evaluate its effectiveness. The program was developed based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and modified to reflect the content validity and advice from the expert group.
This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were the family caregivers of persons with dementia who were over 60 years old, a total of 64 family caregivers participated in the study; 34 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. The experimental group was given a weekly, 60-minute physical exercise program for eight weeks, and the control group was given usual care and allowed to voluntarily participate after the experimental group was done.
Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices (SRAHP), Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Korean version of Zarit Burden Interview (K-ZBI), Geriatric Depression Scale: Short form โ Korea version (GDSSF-K), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life โ BREF (K-WHOQOL-BREF) were used to evaluate the program effect. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ฯ2 test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS IBM Statistics Program 23.0.
The results showed that at completion of the program experimental group showed significantly higher level of self-care self-efficacy (p<.001), exercise self-efficacy (p=.001), physical function (p<.001), health-related quality of life (p=.011) and significantly lower level of caregiving burden (p<.001) and depressive symptoms (p<.001). However, perceived stress did not decrease significantly.
In conclusion, exercise program composed of self-efficacy resources can be applied to improve self-care self-efficacy, exercise self-efficacy, physical function, caregiving burden, depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life to family caregivers of persons with dementia living in the community. It has been found to be effective and feasible in clinical settings.์น๋งคํ์ ์๊ฐ ์ ์ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ , ์๋ฃ๊ธฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ํ์์ค์ ํฅ์์ผ๋ก ์น๋งคํ์์ ํ๊ท ์๋ช
์ด ์ฐ์ฅ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ํจ๊ป ๋ถ์ ๋ถ๋ด ๋ํ ์ฆ๊ฐํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ค๋ฑ๋ ์ดํ์ ์น๋งคํ์๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ์ํํ๊ณ ์๊ณ , ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ด ๋๋ณด๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ฃผ ๋ณดํธ์์ธ ๋ฐฐ์ฐ์๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ ๊ณ ๋ น์ด๋ฏ๋ก, ์ด๋ค์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ถ๋ด์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์ค๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์น๋งคํ์์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ณดํธ์์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์๋ก ๋ฐ์ ํ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์น๋งคํ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ณดํธ์์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ค์ฌํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ด ํ์ํ๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ง์ญ์ฌํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ ์น๋งคํ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ๊ทธ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ๊ฐํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ๋ณธ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ Bandura์ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑํ ํ ์ ๋ฌธ๊ฐ ์ง๋จ์ ๋ด์ฉ ํ๋น๋ ๊ฒ์ฆ๊ณผ ์๋ฌธ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ํจ๊ณผ ํ๊ฐ๋ ๋น๋๋ฑ์ฑ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ ์ ํ ์ค๊ณ๋ก ์งํํ์๋ค. ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋์์๋ ์น๋งค์์ฌ์ผํฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ์น๋งคํ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ ์ค ๋ง 60์ธ ์ด์ ๋
ธ์ธ์ผ๋ก ์คํ๊ตฐ 34๋ช
, ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ 30๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ด 74๋ช
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ต์ข
์ฐธ์ฌํ์๋ค. ์คํ๊ตฐ์๊ฒ๋ ์ฃผ 1ํ, 60๋ถ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ 8์ฃผ๊ฐ ์ ๊ณตํ์๊ณ , ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์๊ฒ๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์น๋งค์์ฌ์ผํฐ์์ ์งํํ๋ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ด์ฉํ๋๋ก ํ๊ณ , ์คํ๊ตฐ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ด ์ข
๋ฃ๋ ํ ์๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐธ์ฌํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ 2019๋
10์ 22์ผ๋ถํฐ ์์ํ์ฌ 12์ 24์ผ๊น์ง ์งํ๋์๋ค. ์ค์ฌ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ๋, ์ด๋ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ๋, ๊ฐ์ด์ ์ฒดํ๋๋ฅ๋ ฅ๊ฒ์ฌ, ๋จ์ถํ ์๋ฆฟ ๋ถ์๋ถ๋ดํ๊ฐ ์ฒ๋, ํ๊ตญํ ๋
ธ์ธ ์ฐ์ธ ๋จ์ถํ ์ฒ๋, ํ๊ธํ ์คํธ๋ ์ค ์๊ฐ ์ฒ๋์ ํ๊ตญํ ์ถ์ ์ง ๊ฐํธํ ์ฒ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์๋ค. ์๋ฃ๋ SPSS IBM Statistics Program 23.0์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์์ ์ ํต๊ณ, ฯ2 test, Fishers exact test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test๋ก ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ์ข
๋ฃ ํ ์คํ๊ตฐ์ ๋์กฐ๊ตฐ์ ๋นํด ์๊ธฐ๊ด๋ฆฌ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ ์ (p<.001), ์ด๋ ์๊ธฐํจ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ ์(p=.001), ์ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ ์(p<.001)์ ์ถ์ ์ง ์ ์ (p=.011)๋ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ์ฆ๊ฐํ์๊ณ , ๋๋ด๋ถ๋ด๊ฐ ์ ์(p<.001)์ ์ฐ์ธ ์ ์(p<.001)๋ ์ ์ํ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฐ์ค์ด ์ง์ง๋์๋ค. ์คํธ๋ ์ค ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ ๊ฐ์ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณธ ์ด๋ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ง์ญ์ฌํ์ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ๋ ์น๋งคํ์ ๊ฐ์กฑ๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ ์ฉํ์์ ๋ ์ ์ฒด์ ๋ฐ ์ ์ ์ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ฆ์ง์ํค๋ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฌด์์ ์ ์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ค์ฌํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ผ๋ก ํ์ธ๋์๋ค.โ
. Introduction 1
1. Background 1
2. Purpose of the Study 4
3. Definition of Terms 5
โ
ก. Literature Review 9
1. Psychological and Physical Health of Family Caregiver of Persons with Dementia 9
2. Effects of Physical Exercise in Older Adultss 14
3. Physical Exercise Intervention for Caregivers 17
4. Self-efficacy and Physical Exercise 20
โ
ข. Conceptual Framework 25
1. Conceptual Framework 25
2. Research Hypotheses 28
โ
ฃ. Method 30
1. Study Design 30
2. Participants 31
3. Measurements 35
4. Development of the PE-SER Program 42
5. Data Collection 62
6. Data Analysis 64
7. Researcher Preparation 65
8. Ethical Considerations 66
V. Results 68
1. Evaluation of the PE-SER Program 68
2. Hypothesis Testing 75
VI. Discussion 89
1. Implementation of the PE-SER Program 89
2. Evaluation of the PE-SER Program 94
3. Nursing Implications 105
4. Limitations 107
VII. Conclusion 109
Appendixes 111
References 154
๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก 170Docto
๊ธ์ฐํด๋ฆฌ๋ ์ฐธ์ฌ์์ ํก์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๊ฐ๋ฉด์ ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ๋น๊ต
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ํ์ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์กฐ์ฑ์ผ.์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ๋ด๋ฐฐ ๊ท์ ์ ๊ธ์ฐ์ ๋๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ค์ํ ํจ๋ํฐ๊ณผ ์ธ์ผํฐ๋ธ ์ ์ฑ
์ด ์ถ์ง ์๋ ๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ ์ฌ๋ก์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ง์ง ์๋ค. ํ๊ตญ์ ์ด ๋ ์ ๋ต์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ ํก์ฐ์์ ๊ธ์ฐ ๋๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฌํ๊ณ , ์๋ฏผ๋ค์ ๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๋ถ๋ด์ ๋์ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ํด 2020๋
6์๋ถํฐ ๊ธ์ฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๊ธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ญ ๋ด ํก์ฐ์์ ๊ณผํ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฒฝํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฉด์ ํ๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์ํํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ ๊ธ์ฐํด๋ฆฌ๋ ์ด์ฉ์๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํ๊ตญ์ ํก์ฐ ๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๊ฐ๋ฉด ์ ์ฑ
์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ , ํจ๋ํฐ(๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๋ถ๊ณผ)์ ์ธ์ผํฐ๋ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํฉํ ์๋ก์ด ๋ด๋ฐฐ๊ท์ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ์ํ๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ: ์ ๋ ์ํ์ผ์ธ 2020๋
6์ 4์ผ๋ถํฐ 2021๋
12์ 31์ผ๊น์ง ์ ๊ตญ 258๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ ๊ธ์ฐํด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฑ๋ก์ 159,599๋ช
์ ํก์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ ๋น๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ถํ์ฌ ์ง๋จ๊ฐ ๋ฑ๋ก ํน์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ ๋น๊ตํ๊ณ , ํ๊ท๋ถ์์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ 6๊ฐ์๊ฐ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต ์์ธ์ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค.
์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ฐธ์ฌ ํน์ฑ์ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ 30๋์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ 60๋ ์ด์์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์๋ค. ์ง์
๋ณ ํน์ฑ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ๋ธ๋ฃจ์นผ๋ผ ์ง์
๊ตฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๊ณ ํ์์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๋ฎ์ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ๋ธ๋ฃจ์นผ๋ผ ์ง์
๊ตฐ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ๊ณ , ํ์์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์๋ค. ์ง์ญ๋ณ ํน์ฑ์ผ๋ก๋ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ์๋๊ถ ์ธ ์ง์ญ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๋์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ์์ธ์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋์๋ค. ํก์ฐ ํน์ฑ์ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ํ๋ฃจ 11-20๊ฐํผ์ ์ด ํก์ฐ๋์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ ์๋ก ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๋์๊ณ , ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ํ๋ฃจ 10๊ฐํผ ๋ฏธ๋ง๊ณผ ์ดํก์ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ์งง์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋์๋ค. ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต ํน์ฑ์ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋ ๋์๋๋ฐ, ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ๋จ์ฑ๊ณผ ํ์ดํธ ์นผ๋ผ์ ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ธ๋ฃจ์นผ๋ผ์ ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋์๋ค. ์ง์ญ๋ณ๋ก๋ ๋ ์ง ์ญ ๋ชจ๋ ์๋๊ถ ์ธ ์ง์ญ์ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋์๋ค. ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ํ๋ฃจ ํก์ฐ๋์ด ์ ๊ณ ์ฒซ ํก์ฐ์ฐ๋ น์ด ๋์์๋ก ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋์์ผ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์์ ๋ณด์๋ค.
๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6๊ฐ์ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ ๋น๊ฐ๋ฉด๊ตฐ์ด ๋ ๋์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฑ๋ก์์๋ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ์, ํก์ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ์ด ์งง์ ๊ทธ๋ฃน, ์์ธ ์ง์ญ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ด ๋์ ๊ฒ์ ํตํด ๊ธ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ญ ๋ด ํก์ฐ์์ ๊ธ์ฐ ๋๊ธฐ๋ถ์ฌ๋ผ๋ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์๋ ๋ฌ์ฑ์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฌ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ธ๋ฃจ์นผ๋ผ์ ๊ธ์ฐ์ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋์ ๊ฒ์ ํตํด ์๋ฏผ ๊ณผํ๋ฃ ๋ถ๋ด ์ํ๋ผ๋ ๋ชฉ์ ์๋ ๋ถํฉํ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ค๋ง, ๊ฐ๋ฉด์ ๋ ์ฐธ์ฌ์ ์๋๊ถ ํธ์ค์ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ๊ตญ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ ํ๋ณด๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋
ธ์ธ, ๋ธ๋ฃจ์นผ๋ผ ์ง๊ตฐ ๋ฑ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์จ์ ๋์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ๋ ์ ์ฒญ ์ ์ฐจ ๊ฐ์ํ ๋ฑ์ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋์ฑ ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.Background: Various penalties and incentive policies are being promoted to regulate tobacco use and help users to quit smoking but few studies have examined the results of both policies. By combining the two strategies, Korea implemented a policy to reduce or offer exemption from smoking fines in exchange for enrollment in smoking cessation programs in June 2020. This study evaluated Koreas fine exemption policy and proposes a new tobacco regulation plan combining fines and incentives.
Methods: We used data on 159,599 subjects from the Korea Health Promotion Institutes integrated smoking-cessation service information system, from 4 June 2020, the date of the systems implementation, to 31 December 2021. Participants in the smoking-cessation clinic were divided into an exemption group and non-exemption group, and sociodemographic characteristics and success rates were compared between the groups. The factors associated with success in smoking cessation for 6 months were examined using regression analysis.
Results: The non-exemption group had the lowest proportion of participants under 30 years old, while the exemption group had the lowest proportion of participants over 60 years old. With regard to occupation, the non-exemption group had the highest proportion of blue-collar workers and the lowest proportion of students. In contrast, the exemption group had the lowest proportion of blue-collar workers and the highest proportion of students. The non-exemption group included many participants from areas outside the capital city, while the proportion of participants from the Seoul area was high in the exemption group. Participants in the non-exemption group smoked the largest number of cigarettes (11โ20/day), while the exemption group smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day. The participation rate in the non-exemption group increased in proportion to the total smoking period, while the exemption group had a higher rate of participants with shorter smoking period. The non-exemption group had a higher smoking cessation success rate, with the highest rate seen among male and white-collar workers. In the exemption group, the rate was highest in female and blue-collar workers. Both groups had high proportions of participants outside the capital city. In the non-exemption group, smoking fewer cigarettes per day and later age at first smoking were associated with higher smoking cessation success but the exemption group was different.
Conclusion: The 6-month smoking cessation success rate was higher in the non-exemption group than the exemption group. However, there were higher proportions of students, short smoking period group, and participants from Seoul in exemption group compared to non-exemption group. The participation of these groups in the smoking cessation program might have been encouraged by the exemption. In addition, the high smoking cessation success rates among women and blue-collar workers are consistent with the purpose of easing the burden of fines on vulnerable groups. However, it seems necessary to promote the system nationwide to take the focus off of Seoul, and efforts such as simplifying the application process are needed to increase participation rates among the elderly and blue-collar workers.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1. Study background 1
2. Policy to Reduce or Provide Exemptions from Smoking Fines 3
3. Smoking cessation clinic at a public health center 4
4. A Study on the Combination of Penalty and Incentive 11
5. 6 months Successful in Smoking Cessation 11
6. Purpose of Research 12
Chapter 2. Methods 13
1. Data 13
2. Measure 14
3. Statistical analysis 15
Chapter 3. Results 16
1. Comparison of Sociodemographic Characteristic 16
2. Characteristics of Successful 6-month Smoking Cessation 22
3. Comparison of Quit Rate Between Exemption and Non-exemption Groups 26
4. Variables Influencing Quitting Success 31
Chapter 4. Discussion 34
Chapter 5. Conclusion 37
Bibliography 38
๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ด๋ก 51
List of tables 5
[Table 1] Review of Previous Literature 5
[Table 2] Comparison of Participation Characteristics Between Non-exemption and Exemption Groups 18
[Table 3] Characteristics of successful 6-month smoking cessation 23
[Table 4] Comparison of 6-Month Smoking Cessation Success Rates Between the Exemption and Non-exemption Groups 28
[Table 5] Variables influencing 6-Months Smoking Cessation Success 32
Appendix
[Appendix 1] Questionnaire 45
[Appendix 2] Data and Variables 47์
๋๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ฐ ํ์ ํ์ฒญ์ ํตํฉ๋ถ์์ ํตํ ์ํ ์คํํธ๋ผ ์ฅ์ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค ๋ฐ๊ตด ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต๋ํ์ : ์ตํฉ๊ณผํ๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ์ ๋ถ์์ํ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ์ด์ค์ ์ฝํ๊ณผ, 2023. 2. Eugene C. Yi.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) characterized by three core symptoms: (1) impaired social communication, (2) reciprocal interaction, and (3) the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interest. Although various studies have been conducted to discover pathophysiological mechanisms of ASD, the cause of disease is poorly understood, hence no reliable diagnostic biomarkers are available. Since the prevalence of ASD is rapidly increasing, there is an urgent need to identify ASD-related molecular biomarkers.
In this study, we conducted brain tissue and serum proteomic analysis of the Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Cntnap2) KO mouse, a well-recognized genetic mouse model of ASD. We used a Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA) mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins in brain tissue samples followed by the analysis of serum samples to identify potential ASD biomarkers. Potential biomarkers were further verified by Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry with ASD patients sera and identified three proteins TNC, TLN1 and SERPINC1 in patients sera.์ํ ์คํํธ๋ผ ์ฅ์ (ASD)๋ (1) ์ฌํ์ ์์ฌ์ํต ์ฅ์ , (2) ์ํธ ์์ฉ, (3) ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ธ ํ๋์ ์กด์ฌ ๋ฐ ์ ํ๋ ๊ด์ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ํต์ฌ ์ฆ์์ ํน์ง์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ์ ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ๋ฌ ์ฅ์ ๋ค. ASD์ ๋ณํ์๋ฆฌํ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ค์ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์งํ๋๊ณ ์์ง๋ง, ์ง๋ณ์ ์์ธ์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๊ฐ ๋ถ์กฑํ์ฌ ์ ๋ขฐํ ์ ์๋ ์ง๋จ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค๊ฐ ์๋ ์ค์ ์ด๋ค. ASD์ ์ ๋ณ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ ์ฆ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ASD ๊ด๋ จ ๋ถ์ ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๊ธํ๋ค.
์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ASD์ ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์ ์ ๋ง์ฐ์ค ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ธ Contactin ๊ด๋ จ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ์ ์ฌ 2 (Cntnap2) KO ๋ง์ฐ์ค์ ๋ ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ํ์ฒญ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง ๋ถ์์ ์ํํ๋ค. DDA(Data Dependent Acquisition) ์ง๋ ๋ถ์๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ ์กฐ์ง ์ํ์์ ์ฐจ๋ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์๋ณํ ๋ค์ ํ์ก์ผ๋ก ๋ถ๋น๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์๋ณํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ฒญ ์ํ์ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค. ์ ๋ณ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ASD ํ์์ ํ์ฒญ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ DIA(Data Independent Acquisition) ์ง๋ ๋ถ์๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ถ๊ฐ ๊ฒ์ฆ๋์๋ค. ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์์ ํ์ฒญ์์ 3๊ฐ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง TNC, TLN1 ๋ฐ SERPINC1์ ํ์ธํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ค์ ์ ์ฌ์ ASD ๋ฐ์ด์ค๋ง์ปค ํ๋ณด๋ก ์ ์ํ๋ค.Introduction 1
Method with materials 5
Results 17
Discussion 30
Reference 33์
LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ๊ด๋ จ ID1์ ์ต์ ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ธ๊ฐ ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ ๋ ํจ๊ณผ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :์น์ํ๋ํ์ ์น์๊ณผํ๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ ํํ.์ ์ฌ์ธ์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ฐํํ๋ LIM homeobox 8 (LHX8) ์ ์ ์๋ ๋๊ฐ๋ถ์ ์น์ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐฐ์๋ฐ๋ฌ ๋จ๊ณ์์ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ๊ณจ ๋ถํ๋ฅ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ธ๊ฐ ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ์ ์์ด์ LHX8์ ์ญํ ์ ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๋ ํฐ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค ์์คํ
์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์์ LHX8๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ํค๊ณ , ๊ณผ๋ฐํ๋ LHX8์ด ๊ณจ๋ถํ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ์๋ค.
LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฑ์ฅ์๋, ์ด๋์๋, ํ๊ดํ์ฑ๋ฅ์ ์ํฅ์ด ์์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ๋ชจ๋ธ์์ ์ต์ ๋์๋๋ฐ ์ผ๊ธฐ์ฑ์ธ์ฐ๋ถํดํจ์ ํ์ฑ์ ๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ ์นผ์ ์ถ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ์ธ๋์๋ค. cDNA ๋ง์ดํฌ๋ก์ด๋ ์ด ๋ถ์์ ์ํํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ ๋์ ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง๊ฒฐํฉ์ ๊ด๊ณ๋ ์ ์ ์๊ตฐ์ ์ ์ํ ๋ณํ๊ฐ ์์๋ค. ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ ๋์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ๋ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ์ํด ๊ณตํต์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ์์ด ๋ณํํ ์ ์ ์๋ ์ด 38๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ 2๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์๊ตฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ๋ณ๋์๋ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์ ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ ๋์ ์ํด ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ ๋ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ์ ์ํด ๊ฐ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํน์ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ๋์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ก์ LHX8์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ต์ ๋ฅ์ ์ฌํ์ธํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์๋ค. ๋ค์์ ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์ด์งํ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ์๋ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์๋ ๋ฐํ์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์ง๋ง ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํ๋ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ ๋์์๋ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐํ๋ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋์ถํ์๋ค. ๋์ถ๋ ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ฐ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ฐํํ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ํ ํํ์ ์ ํด์ ๋ฅผ ์ฒ๋ฆฌํ ํ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๊ฐ ์ด์ง๋๋์ง ์ดํด๋ณด์๋ค. ID1 ๋ฐํ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ธ DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1 ํ์ฑ์ ์ต์ ํ๋ ํํ์ ์ ํด์ ML323์ ์ํด ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๊ฐ ์ด์ง๋์๋ค.
์ด๋ก์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ LHX8 ๊ณผ๋ฐํ ์ธ๊ฐ ์น์์ ๋ ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ํ์ฉํ์ฌ LHX8๊ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ ์น์์ ๋ ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํจ์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณจ๋ถํ ์ต์ ์ ์ ์ ID1์ ๋ฐ๊ตดํ์๊ณ DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1์ ์ต์ ํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ธ๊ฐ ์น์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณจ๋ถํ๋ฅ์ ์ด์งํ ์ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์๋ค.LIM homeobox 8 (LHX8) encodes a transcription factor protein that is necessary for embryonic development of craniofacial tissues including bone and teeth. Previous animal studies suggest that LHX8 may have a role in osteogenesis, but the finding requires further supporting evidence in human dental pulp cells which possess the osteogenic ability. A lentiviral system was utilized in this study to overexpress LHX8 in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and the effect of overexpressed LHX8 on osteogenesis was analyzed.
LHX8 overexpression did not modulate proliferation, migration, nor the angiogenic property of DPSCs. On the other hand, the osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs was attenuated, demonstrated by decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium accumulation. cDNA microarray analysis showed that genes associated with protein binding were differentially expressed in osteodifferentiated DPSCs. There were 38 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were common both in response to osteodifferentiation and LHX8 overexpression, and there were grouped into two clusters. Each cluster responded in an opposite way, i.e. upregulated during osteodifferentiation but downregulated by LHX8 overexpression or vice versa, supporting an anti-osteogenic role of LHX8. In order to develop a molecular approach to promote osteogenesis of DPSCs, genes downregulated in control cells but upregulated in LHX8 cells during osteodifferentiation were screened. Chemical inhibitors were treated to their protein products to see if osteodifferentiation of DPSCs were enhanced. ML323, which target DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1, promoted osteodifferentiation of DPSCs.
In summary, an anti-osteogenic effect of LHX8 was confirmed in this study by a LHX8 overexpressing DPSCs model. An anti-osteogenic gene ID1 was discovered. Finally, it was demonstrated that by inhibiting DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-1, osteogenesis was promoted in human DPSCs.General Introduction 1
Part 1 Anti-osteogenic LHX8 in human dental pulp stem cells 2
Introduction 3
Material and Methods 5
Results 12
Discussion 22
Part 2 Inhibition of LHX8 overexpression-associated ID1 in human dental pulp stem cells 24
Introduction 25
Material and Methods 26
Results 28
Discussion 43
References 46
Abstract in Korean 52Docto
๋๋ ธํฌ์ด๋ฅผ ํต๊ณผํ๋ DNA์ ๊ฒ์ง๋ฅผ ์ํ ๊ทธ๋ํ FET ์ผ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ์ฌ๋ฃ๊ณตํ๋ถ, 2014. 2. ๊น๊ธฐ๋ฒ.Nanopore is a highly promising platform for single molecule sensing and DNA sequencing. In the thesis, a new device combining nanopore structure with graphene field effect transistor (FET) is proposed as a single molecule DNA sensor. Recently, it has been reported that silicon nanowire FET fabricated on the nanopore membrane can detect local potential change arising from DNA translocation. Unlike silicon nanowire FET device, device using graphene FET can work even when ion concentrations of both chambers are identical and result in higher current change ratio. Besides, high charge carrier mobility of graphene allows fast operation of the device and higher chemical stability of graphene enables better durability in ionic solution.
A numerical model is developed to expect the device performance and to prove superiority of the device to the previously reported one. The model is verified by comparing simulation result with experimental result reported recently. The model is also used for parametric study to establish the optimum design of the device. Effect of nanopore length, nanopore diameter, graphene channel length, graphene channel width, graphene doping level, and graphene mobility are examined and analyzed. Based on the optimized design, the graphene FET nanopore device is fabricated by using conventional top down processes and associated issues are discussed.Maste
Though the Best Ones Fall and That Is Another Song: A Reparative Reading of Jean Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea
Read primarily as the prequel of Jane Eyre, much of the criticism on Jean Rhyss Wide Sargasso Sea focuses on delineating the harmful effects of the colonial and patriarchal systems on its protagonist, Antoinette. While this line of interpretation is important and productive, it can also beโin Eve Kosofsky Sedgwicks wordsโa paranoid mode of reading. This paper employs Sedgwicks concept of paranoid and reparative reading to interpret Rhyss fiction on two levels: first, as a way to understand and examine the way in which, within the fictional world of the novel, the characters either take the paranoid or reparative mode to read each
other, creating moments of either harmful othering or reconciliatory empathy. Secondly, I suggest on another level that the whole project of reading the sadness in the novel is an exercise in the reparative mode of listening for the readers themselves, a challenge to find hope and empathy in a seemingly hopeless story of persecution and paranoia
๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ๋ถ์์ ํตํ ์ํ์ฐ์ ์ ์์ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ)-- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๋์
์๋ช
๊ณผํ๋ํ ๋๊ฒฝ์ ์ฌํํ๋ถ(๋๊ฒฝ์ ํ์ ๊ณต), 2018. 8. ์๋ํ.FTA ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ด์ก์๋จ๊ณผ ์ ๋ณดํต์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ฌ ๋ฑ์ ๊ตญ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ฐ์ ๋ถ์
ํ๋ฅผ ์ฌํ์ํค๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ด๋ ํ ์ฌํ๋ ์๋น์ค์ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ด ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ(Global Value Chain, GVC)์ ํ๋๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ฒ๋ผ ์ฐ์
์ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ์์งํนํ(Vertical Specialization, VS)์ ์ฌํ๋ ์ค๊ฐ์ฌ ๊ต์ญ์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์์ผฐ์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์์ฐ์ง์ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๋ชจํธํ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ด์ก๊ธฐ์ค ๊ต์ญํต๊ณ์์๋ ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ์ค๋ณต๊ณ์ฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์ ๊ธฐ๋์๋ค.
์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์์ ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ์ค๋ณต๊ณ์ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ๋ถ์์ ๋ํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ๋ฐํ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ํนํ ์ฒ ๊ฐ, ์๋์ฐจ ๋ฑ ์ ์กฐ์
๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์ด ํ๋๋๊ณ ์์ด ์ด์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์๋ ์ ์กฐ์
๋ถ์ผ๋ฅผ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ต๊ทผ ๋ค์ด ๋์ํ ์ฐ์
์์๋ ์์ฐ ๊ณต์ ์ ํ๋ํ ๋ฐ ๋ค๊ตญ์ ์ํ๊ธฐ์
์ ์ฑ์ฅ ๋ฑ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ผ๋กํ ๋์ํ ์ฐ์
์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์ด ์ค์ํ ์ด์๋ก ๋๋๋๊ณ ์๋ค.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋๋ผ๋ ๋์๋ค๋ฐ์ ์ธ FTA์ ์ถ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ธํ์ฌ ๋์ํ ๋ถ๋ฌธ์ ์์ฅ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ํ๋๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ์ผ ํด์ธ ๋์ฐ๋ฌผ์ ์์
ํ ํ ๊ตญ๋ด์์ ๊ฐ๊ณตํ์ฌ ๋ค์ ํด์ธ๋ก ์์ถํ๋ ํํ๋ก ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์ ์ด์ก๊ธฐ์ค ๊ต์ญํต๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ์์ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ค๋ณต๊ณ์ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ก ์ธํด ๋ถ์์ ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ํ ์ ์์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ค์์๋ ์ด์ก๊ธฐ์ค์ ๊ต์ญํต๊ณ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ์์ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๊ฑฐ๋, ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ๋๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ WIOD(World Input-Output Database)์ ์ธ๊ณ์ฐ์
์ฐ๊ดํ ๋ฐ ์ด์์ถ ๋ถํด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ 2000๋
๋ถํฐ 2014๋
๊ฐ์ ์ํ ์ด์์ถ ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ ์ ํ๋ค. ๋ํ ์ฌํ ๊ด๊ณ๋ง ๋ถ์(Social Network Analysis)์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์์ ํ๊ตญ์ ํฌํจํ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ๊ฐ ์์ถ ์ฐ๊ณ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ๋ค.
ํ๊ตญ์ ์ํ ์ด์์ถ ๋ถํด ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ๊ตญ ์ํ ์ด์์ถ์ ๋ด์ฌ๋ ๊ตญ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ๋น์ค์ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์ํ ๋ฐ๋ฉด ํด์ธ ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ์์ ์ค๋ณต๊ณ์ฐ์ ๋น์ค์ ์ฆ๊ฐํ์๋ค. ์ด๋ ํ๊ตญ์ ์ํ์ฐ์
์์๋ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ์ฐธ์ฌ๊ฐ ํ๋๋๊ณ ์์์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค๋ค. ๋ํ ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ์ ์ฃผ์ ๊ต์ญ๋์๊ตญ์ธ ์ค๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ ์ํ ์ด์์ถ ๋ถํด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ์ค๊ตญ์ ์ํ ์ด์์ถ ๋ด ๊ตญ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ๋น์ค์ ์ฆ๊ฐํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ํ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก ๊ตญ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ๋น์ค์ด ๊ฐ์ํ์์ผ๋ ๊ทธ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๊ตญ๋ณด๋ค ํฐ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์๋์๋ค.
๋ค์์ผ๋ก ๋ถํดํ ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์์งํนํ ๋น์จ(VS ratio)๊ณผ ํ๋ฐฉ์ฐ๊ณ ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น ์์ถ ๋น์จ(VAX_B ratio)์ ๊ณ์ฐํ ํ ํ๊ตญ์ ํฌํจํ ์ฃผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์ํ์ฐ์
๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ์ฐธ์ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 2000๋
๋๋น 2014๋
ํ๊ตญ์ VAX_B ๋น์จ์ ๊ฐ์ํญ์ด ์ฃผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ณด๋ค ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๋๋ฐ ์ด๋ ์ง๋ 15๋
๊ฐ ํ๊ตญ์์๋ ์ํ ์์ถ์ ํตํ ๊ตญ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น์ ๊ธฐ์ฌ๊ฐ ์์์ง๊ณ ์์์ ์ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ์ฌํ ๊ด๊ณ๋ง ๋ถ์(Social Network Analysis) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ์์ฐ ๋ถ์
ํ๊ฐ ๊ถ์ญ๋ณ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๊ณ ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. ๋ํ 2000๋
์ํ์ฐ์
๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ค์ฌ์๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ํ๋์ค, ๋
์ผ, ์๊ตญ ๋ฑ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์์ ๋ฝ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ค์ฌ์ ์์นํ๊ณ ์์๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด, 2014๋
์๋ ์ฌ์ ํ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์์ ๋ฝ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋, ์ค๊ตญ, ์ธ๋๋ค์์ ๋ฑ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ค์ด ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ์ ์ค์ฌ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ํ ๊ฒ์ ๊ด์ฐฐํ ์ ์๋ค.
๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ํ๊ตญ์ ํฌํจํ ์ฃผ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ณ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ด์์ถ ๋ด ๋ถ๊ฐ๊ฐ์น ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ๋ณํ์ ๋ํ ๋ถ์์ ์งํํ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด ์ด์ก๊ธฐ์ค ๊ต์ญํต๊ณ์์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ์ค๋ณต๊ณ์ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ์ฌ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ์์ถ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ค ์ ํํ๊ฒ ๋ถ์ํ๊ณ ์ ํ์๋ค๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์์๊ฐ ์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ ํฅํ ์ํ ์์ถ ์ ์ฑ
๋ฐ ์ ๋ต ์๋ฆฝ์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ์ด ์๋ฃ๋ก ํ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ค.์ 1 ์ฅ ์๋ก 1
์ 1 ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ์์ฑ 1
์ 2 ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 2
์ 3 ์ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒํ 3
์ 4 ์ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ 7
์ 2 ์ฅ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ๊ต์ญ ํํฉ 8
์ 1 ์ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ์ด์ก๊ธฐ์ค ๊ต์ญ ํํฉ 8
์ 2 ์ ์ํ์ฐ์
์ ์ค๊ฐ์ฌ ์์ถ ํํฉ 13
์ 3 ์ฅ ๋ถ์์๋ฃ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 16
์ 1 ์ ๋ถ์์๋ฃ 16
์ 2 ์ ๋ถ์๋ฐฉ๋ฒ 21
์ 4 ์ฅ ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30
์ 1 ์ ์ด์์ถ ๋ถํด ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 30
์ 2 ์ ๊ธ๋ก๋ฒ ๊ฐ์น์ฌ์ฌ ์ฐธ์ฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ถ์๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 40
์ 5 ์ฅ ์์ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก 47
์ฐธ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ ํ 50
๋ถ ๋ก 54
Abstract 60Maste
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