87 research outputs found
Nurturing Evangelism for the Next Generation: with Special Reference to Yum Kwang Girls\u27 Meditech High School
ν΄λ―Ήλ¬Όμ§μ νΉμ±μ΄ μ λ ¨μ ν μ λ΄ μ€κΈμμ ννμ’ λΆν¬ λ° μμ λμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λμλͺ
곡νλΆ, 2013. 8. λ
Έν¬λͺ
.(ꡬ)μ₯νμ λ ¨μ μ§μμ μ€λ μ λ ¨νλμΌλ‘ μΈν λΉμ, ꡬ리, λ© λ±μ μ€κΈμ μ€μΌμ΄ λ¬Έμ μ λμ΄ μλ€. μ΄μ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ ν μ λ΄ μ€κΈμμ μ΄λμ±μ κ°μμν€κΈ° μνμ¬ μ€κΈμ ν¬λ μ΄ν
λ₯λ ₯μ΄ λ°μ΄λ νλΉ
μ° (fulvic acidFA)κ³Ό 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ λκ° μ°μν ν΄λ―Ήμ° (humic acidHA)μ λΉμ¨μ λ¬λ¦¬νμ¬ (HA/FA=2, HA/FA=1, HA/FA=0.5, λμ‘°κ΅°) ν μμ μ²λ¦¬ν ν 90μΌ κ° νμ¨λ°°μμ€νμ μννμ¬ ννμ’
λ³νμ μμ λμμλ₯Ό νμΈνμλ€. μ€ν κ²°κ³Ό, λΉμλ νλΉ
μ°κ³Ό 볡ν©μ²΄λ₯Ό νμ±ν λ μμ ν λ°λ©΄, ꡬ리μ λ©μ ν΄λ―Ήμ°κ³Ό 볡ν©μ²΄λ₯Ό νμ±ν λ λ μμ νλ€. λμ‘°κ΅°μ ν¬ν¨ν λͺ¨λ ν μμ΄ μ°μ±νλμμ§λ§, ν΄λ―Ήλ¬Όμ§μ 첨κ°λ‘ μΈνμ¬ ν μμ μ°μ±νκ° κ°μλμλ€. μ΄λ‘ μΈνμ¬ κ΅¬λ¦¬μ λ©μ λμ‘°κ΅°μ λΉνμ¬ μ΄λμ±μ΄ μ μ νν(μ² -λ§κ° μ°νλ¬Ό λ° μ κΈ°λ¬Ό κ²°ν© λΆν)κ° μ¦κ°νμμΌλ©°, κ°μ©μ± νν(μμ©μ± λ° κ΅νμ±, νμ°μΌ κ²°ν© λΆν)κ° κ°μνμλ€. λν ν΄λ―Ήμ°μ λΉμ¨μ΄ λμμλ‘ μ΄λμ± λΆνμ κ°μμ μμ ν ννμ μ¦κ°κ° κ°μ₯ ν¨κ³Όμ μμ νμΈνμλ€. νμ§λ§ λΉμλ λμ‘°κ΅°κ³Ό μ²λ¦¬κ΅° μ¬μ΄μμ μ μμ μΈ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μ΄μ§ μμμΌλ©°, λΉμκ° λ°°μμ΄ μ§νλ¨μ λ°λΌ μμ νλ κ²μ ν μ μ°μ±νμ μν₯μΌλ‘ 보μΈλ€. μ€κΈμμ ν΄λ―Ήμ°λ³΄λ€ νλΉ
μ°κ³Ό λ λ§μ΄ κ²°ν©νμμΌλ©°, λΉμμ ꡬ리μ μμ λμμλ ν΄λ―Ήμ°μ λΉμ¨μ΄ λμμλ‘, λ©μ κ²½μ° νλΉ
μ°μ λΉμ¨μ΄ λμμλ‘ μμ λμμκ° μ»€μ‘λ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν΅νμ¬ μ€κΈμμΌλ‘ μ€μΌλ ν μμμ ν΄λ―Ήλ¬Όμ§μ΄ μ€κΈμμ λΆλννκ³ μμ ννλλ° κΈ°μ¬ν μ μμΌλ©°, μ΄λ€μ νμ©ν λ μ€κΈμκ³Ό ν΄λ―Ήλ¬Όμ§μ νΉμ±μ΄ κ³ λ €λμ΄μΌ ν¨μ νμΈνμλ€.Heavy metal contamination in soils such as smelter area soils has been a worldwide problem. As one of the remediation technologies, application of humic substances can decrease the availability and mobility of metals by increasing partitioning of metals into less mobile forms. Different quality of humic substances, which is the ratio of humic acid (HA) to fulvic acid (FA), is expected to influence the ability to chelate metals and the stability of humic substance-metal complexes. The ion-exchange method by Schnitzer and Skinner (1965) was employed to measure the stability constants and different metal-humic substance complexes showed variable stability constant (log K) values (As-HA: 2.64, As-FA: 3.71, Cu-HA: 7.21, Cu-FA: 3.24, Pb-HA: 8.26, Pb-FA: 8.22, respectively). As-FA complex was more stable than As-HA complex while copper and lead complexes with HA were more stable than those with FA. Different quality of humic substances (HA/FA=2, HA/FA=1,HA/FA=0.5, and control) was treated to the contaminated soil and time-variant chemical speciation of three toxic heavy metals (As, Cu, and Pb) was performed for 90 days. Sequential extraction technique (Tessier et al., 1979) was employed to fractionate metals and organo-metallic extraction method (Donisa et al., 2003PodleΕ‘Γ‘kovΓ‘ et al., 1992) was used to specify the treatment effect of humic substances. The addition of humic substances lessened the decrease of soil pH. Accordingly, in cases of Cu and Pb, the addition of humic substances increased less mobile chemical forms (carbonate bound, Fe-Mn oxide bound, and organic bound fractions) but decreased available forms (water soluble and exchangeable fraction) than control group. In particular, HA/FA=2 treatment was most effective among treatment groups to decrease the amount of mobile fractions and increase the stable forms. However, As did not show any significant differences between control and treatments and its chemical speciation shift to stable forms might have been attributed to the effect of soil acidification. Most metals were distributed to the fulvic fractions, which meant fulvic acids had greater chelating ability than humic acids did. However, in terms of stability constants, the log K values for metal-HA complexes were inclined to increase while the log K values for metal-FA complexes decreased. The results of the study suggested that humic substances can contribute to the immobilization and stabilization of metals in heavily polluted soils.ABSTRACT β
°
CONTENTS β
²
LIST OF FIGURES β
΄
LIST OF TABLES β
Ά
β
. INTRODUCTION 1
β
‘. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6
1. Sampling site and soil / humic substances preparation 6
2. Stability constants experiment 14
2-1. General theory 14
2-2. Measurements of stability constants 17
2-3. Analytical methods 18
3. Batch incubation experiment 19
3-1. Sequential extraction method 20
3-2. Organo-metallic complexes extraction method 23
4. Statistical analysis 26
β
’. RESULTS 27
1. Physico-chemical properties of soil and humic substances 27
2. Stability constants experiment 28
2-1. Composition of complexes 28
2-2. Stability constants 36
3. Batch incubation experiment 36
3-1. Changes in soil pH 36
3-2. Chemical speciation of arsenic 38
3-3. Chemical speciation of copper 41
3-4. Chemical speciation of lead 44
3-5. Changes in concentrations of metals bound to humic substances 47
3-6. Changes in stability constants 49
β
£. DISCUSSION 51
1. Stability constants experiment 51
2. Batch incubation experiment 53
β
€. CONCLUSIONS 61
β
₯. REFERENCES 62
APPENDIX 73
SUMMARY IN KOREAN 78
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 79Maste
νκ΅ λ-λ¨ν΄μ μ°μμμμ ν΄μμλ¬Όμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μλ₯μ± μ κΈ°μ€μΌλ¬Όμ§μ ν΄μ λ¬Όλ΄ λΆν¬νΉμ±
Thesis(doctor`s) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ§κ΅¬νκ²½κ³ΌνλΆ,2006.Docto
A Study on the continuity in Korean administrative institution : focusing on USAMGIK and the founding government
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ :νμ νκ³Ό νμ ν μ 곡,1999.Docto
λ‘μ λ²κ·Έ μ²λλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μμ μ‘΄μ€κ°κ³Ό κΈ°λ₯μ± μνλΆλμ¦μ κ΄κ³
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :보건νκ³Ό ν΅κ³νμ 곡,2003.Maste
Clinical Study on the Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside during Operation of Cerebral Aneurysm
The effect of sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on arterial
blood gas analysis was studied in 15 patients of
intracerebral aneurysm with normal cardio'pulmonary
function under general anesthesia. Systolic arterial
pressure decreased (p<0.005) from I04Β±1O torr to
85Β±6 torr, wbereas heart rate increased from 80Β±12
beats/min. to 92Β±12 beats/min. Thirty minutes after
discontinuation of SNP, arterial pressure and heart
beat returned to 108Β±14 torr and 75Β±8 beats/min. ,
respectively which were the level of preΒ·administΒ·
ration of SNP. Arterial pH, PaCO,. PaO, and bicar'
bonate were 7. 41Β±0.10, 32Β±6 mmHg, 193Β±42 mmHg
and 21Β±1 mEq/1 before'administration of SNP, 7.41
Β±O.ll, 34Β±7 mmHg, 188Β±44 mmHg and 21Β±2
mEq/1 during administration of SNP, and 7.39Β±
0.09 , 33Β±6 mmHg, 193Β±57 mmHg and 20Β±3 mEq/
I in 30 minutes after dscontinuation of SNP. There
was no change of pH, PaCO" PaO, and bicarbonate
in levels of pre'administration, during administration
and after discontinuation of SNP
κ²½μ°°κΈ°λ₯λ³ μΈλ ₯μ μμμμΈ‘ μμΈμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ νμ λνμ :νμ νκ³Ό μ μ±
νμ 곡,2001.Maste
A Study on the heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions using chemically modified ceramic substrates
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :νν곡νκ³Ό,1998.Docto
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