159 research outputs found
νμ νλ λΈλνκ³Ό λ°μ§μ±μ μμ μ μ μ κ·Όμ¬
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμ°κ³Όνλν 물리νκ³Ό, 2020. 8. μ΄μλ―Ό.Gravitational wave observatories targeted for compact binary coalescence, such as LIGO and VIRGO, require various theoretical inputs for their efficient detection. One of such inputs are analytical description of binary dynamics at sufficiently separated orbital scales, commonly known as post-Newtonian dynamics. One approach for determining such two-body effective Hamiltonians is to use quantum scattering amplitudes.
This dissertation aims at an improved understanding of classical physics of spinning bodies in quantum scattering amplitudes, for application to the problem of effective two-body Hamiltonians. The main focus will be on spin-induced higher-order multipole moments. In this dissertation results for the first post-Minkowskian order (linear in Newton's constant G and to all orders in relative momentum p^2) Hamiltonian that is valid for arbitrary compact spinning bodies to all orders in spin is presented. Next, obstruction and prospects for the formulation's extension to second post-Minkowskian order is discussed, based on an equivalent loop order quantum field theory computations.
This dissertation is based on the works [1-4]LIGOλ VIRGOμ κ°μ΄ λ°μ§μμ±κ³(compact binary coalescence)λ₯Ό μ£Όμ μ€λ ₯νμμΌλ‘ μΌλ μ€λ ₯ν κ²μΆκΈ°μμλ ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ μ€λ ₯ν κ²μΆμ μν΄ λ€μν μ΄λ‘ μ λꡬλ₯Ό νμλ‘ νλ€. κ·Έλ¬ν μ΄λ‘ μ λꡬ μ€ νλλ μΆ©λΆν 거리λ₯Ό λκ³ κ³΅μ νκ³ μλ μμ±κ³μ λμνμ λν ν΄μμ λ¬μ¬λ‘, ν¬μ€νΈ-λ΄ν΄ μ κ°(post-Newtonian expansion)λ μ΄λ¦μΌλ‘ λ리 μλ €μ Έ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ΄μ²΄ λ¬Έμ μ μ ν¨ ν΄λ°ν λμμ ꡬνλ λ°©λ² μ€ νλλ μμμνμ μ°λμ§νμ μ΄μ©νλ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ΄ νμλ
Όλ¬Έμ μ΄μ²΄ λ¬Έμ μ μ ν¨ ν΄λ°ν λμμ ꡬνλ λ¬Έμ μ μμ©λ μ μλλ‘ μμμνμ μ°λμ§νμ ν¬ν¨λ νμ νλ 물체μ κ³ μ 물리 μ€ μ€νμ μν΄ μμ±λ κ³ μ°¨ λ€μ€κ·Ή(multipole moment) ν¨κ³Όμ μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό λͺ©νλ‘ νλ€. μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μμμ νμ νλ λ°μ§μ±μ λν΄ μ€νμ λͺ¨λ μ°¨μ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν μΌμ°¨ ν¬μ€νΈ-λ―Όμ½νμ€ν€ μ κ° (λ΄ν΄μμ Gμ λν΄ μ νμ΄λ©° μλμ΄λλ p^2μ λν΄ λͺ¨λ μ°¨μλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨) μ ν¨ ν΄λ°ν λμμ μ μνλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘ μ΄ λ°©λ²λ‘ μ μ΄μ°¨ ν¬μ€νΈ-λ―Όμ½νμ€ν€ μ κ°λ‘ νμ₯ν λμ μ₯μ μ μ λ§μ λν΄ λλ±ν μ°¨μμ μμμ₯λ‘ κ³μ°μ ν΅ν΄ λ
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Όλ¬Έμ λ°νμΌλ‘ νλ€.Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Preliminaries 6
2.1 Effective field theory for binary dynamics 6
2.1.1 Overview of effective field theory for gravitational radiation from stellar binaries 6
2.1.2 The point particle effective action 9
2.2 Analyticity properties of the S-matrix 11
2.2.1 Simple poles and one-particle states 12
2.2.2 The optical theorem and Cutkosky rules 15
2.2.3 Generalised unitarity and scalar integral coefficients 17
2.3 The on-shell formalism for the S-matrix 21
2.3.1 The spinor-helicity formalism 22
2.3.2 Spinor-helicity for massive particles 23
2.3.3 Little group constraints of amplitudes 25
2.3.4 Kinematical constraints for three-point amplitudes 26
2.4 Two-body effective Hamiltonians from quantum scattering amplitudes 28
2.4.1 Classification of perturbative general relativity 28
2.4.2 Mapping amplitudes to effective Hamiltonians 29
2.4.3 The classical limit of finite spin particles 31
Chapter 3 Applications at tree level 34
3.1 The gravitational three-point amplitude 34
3.1.1 Amplitudes from point particle effective action 34
3.1.2 Hilbert space matching 37
3.1.3 The residue integral representation 44
3.2 Constructing the 1PM Hamiltonian from amplitudes 46
3.2.1 Kinematics for 1PM computation 46
3.2.2 1PM amplitude 48
3.2.3 Thomas-Wigner rotation 50
3.2.4 Complete 1PM potential 53
3.3 1PM potential at each spin order 54
3.3.1 Linear in spin 56
3.3.2 Quadratic in spin 57
3.3.3 Cubic in spin 58
3.3.4 Quartic in spin 59
3.4 Reproducing 1PM part of PN expansion 61
3.4.1 Linear in spin (up to NNNLO) 62
3.4.2 Quadratic in spin (up to NNLO) 65
Chapter 4 Obstructions and applications at one-loop level 73
4.1 The gravitational Compton amplitude 73
4.1.1 The naive gravitational Compton amplitude 73
4.1.2 Resolving the spurious pole of naive Compton amplitude 75
4.2 Matter stress tensor for Kerr-Newman black holes 77
4.2.1 Classical computations in Kerr-Schild coordinates 78
4.2.2 Quantum field theory computations 83
4.3 One-loop amplitude for 2PM spinning BH Hamiltonian at HCL 95
4.3.1 Kinematical set-up 97
4.3.2 The box integral contribution at HCL 99
4.3.3 The triangle integral contribution at HCL 100
4.4 Discussions and outlook for one-loop order 102
Chapter A Conventions 104
A.1 Invariant tensors 104
A.2 Analytic continuation and complex conjugation 105
A.3 Numerical implementations and the high-energy limit 106
A.4 Dirac spinors 108
A.5 Polarisation vectors 108
A.6 BOLD notation 109
μ΄λ‘ 126
κ°μ¬μ κΈ 127Docto
Plea Bargaining as a Mean to Maximum Sentence
This paper outlines the findings of a model of plea bargaining with multiple defendants, in which a prosecutor makes plea offer sequentially. It is shown that plea discount can be minimized with sequential offers and that not all of defendants shall be inβ
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Research Tournament and Competition Effect
This paper investigates the effect of competition on innovative activity. In the research contest, the foremost reason for limiting entry into tournaments is to raise the level of contestantβs effort and to make the ?rms compete so that high value of innβ
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Analysis on Procurement Auction System in Public Procurement Service
This paper considers the effect of various types of procurement auction system on competition focusing on the rate of successful bidding. We analyze the number of bidders and the rate of successful bids using online procurement data of the Public Procuremβ
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Analysis on the Welfare Effect of the PPP Implementation
This study investigates the welfare implications of BTL projects using a general equilibrium model with the public sector and public-private partnerships. We show that when the government is not allowed to run budget deficits but private firms is able toβ
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μ°λ¦¬λλΌμ μ ν΅μ μΈ μνλ¬Ένμμλ μ무λ°λ μΈλͺ¨κ° μμ΄μ λ²λ €μΌλ§ ν μ°λ κΈ°λΌλ κ²μ κ±°μ μμλ€. μμμ°κΊΌκΈ°λ κ°μΆμ λ¨Ήμ΄λ μ¬λ£μ΄κ³ μ¬λ λΆλ¨λ± λ€λ₯Έ μ°λ κΈ°λ ν΄λΉλ‘ μ΄μ©λμλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νκ²½μ€μΌνμλ μ§κΈμΌλ‘μλ μμνκΈ° μ΄λ €μΈ μ λλ‘ μν λ²λ‘ λ€μ€λ €μ‘μλ€. μμΈμ 1394λ
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μμΈμ μ²μμΌλ‘ μ°λ κΈ° μ²λ¦¬ μ‘°μ§μ΄ μκΈ΄ κ²μ μμΈμ μΈκ΅μΈλ€μ΄ λͺ°λ €μ¨ μ΄νμΈλ° 1907λ
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μ μ²μκ΅μ μ μ€νκΈ°μ μ΄λ₯΄λ λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ²μκ΅μ λΆλ¨μκ±°μ μ£Όλ ₯νμμΌλ©° μ°λ κΈ°λ μμ§λ ν° λ¬Έμ 거리λ μλμλ€. μλνλ©΄ λμ μ£Όλ³μ μ°λ κΈ° λ²λ¦΄ κ³³μ΄ μΌλ§λ μ§ μμκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λμκ° κΈκ²©νκ² ν½μ°½νλ κ³Όμ μ λμ λ³λ리μ λκ²½μ§ κ°μ μ μ§λκ° λμμ§μμΌλ‘ κ°λ°λκΈ° μν΄μλ μ΄μ°¨νΌ 맀λ©μ΄ λμ΄μΌ νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€
Analysis on Bidding Behavior in Score Auction: Highway BTO Projects
Upon selecting preferred bidder in Public-Private Partnership projects, multi-dimensional procurement auction, where price factor and non-price factor are evaluated, is used. This paper tries to analyze bidding data in BTO road projects. It is shown thatβ
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A Study on the Improvement of Safety Management System in Korean Container Ports
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ν μ μλ μ¬κ±΄μ μ‘°μ±νμ¬ λΆμ°νμ΄ μ μ§ μμ νλ§μΌλ‘ λμ½νκΈ° μν λ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ 곡νλλ° κ·Έ λͺ©μ μ΄ μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ λ¬μ±νκΈ° μν΄ μ°μ μ νμ°κ΅¬μμ μ§μ νμλ 컨ν
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μμ μμ λΆκ°μ¦μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ λ°μλλ€. νμ§λ§ μ΄μ λ μ΄λ¬ν μμ μμ λΆμ‘±μ΄λΌλ κ²°λ‘ λ§ λ΄κ³ κ·ΈμΉ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ μμ
μμ μμ μμμ΄ μ₯κΈ°μ μ΄κ³ μ§μμ μΌλ‘ νμ₯μ μμ©νκΈ° νλ μμΈλ€μλ μ΄λ ν κ²μ΄ μλμ§ μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ μ΄λ₯Ό μ μ΄ν μ μλ κ°λ ₯ν λ²Β·μ λ λ±μ 보μν λ€μ, κ·Έ ν μμμ μ‘°μ§μ μ΄κ³ 체κ³μ μΈ μλ°© νλλ€μ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ ν νμμ±μ΄ μλ€.|This study has a purpose for providing the beginning in order for Busan port to take a leap as an advanced safe harbor, and setting the conditions in order for the workers in container terminal to work in a safer environment than ever, by suggesting effective improvement plans about the safety management system of the container terminal in South Korea.
So as to accomplish the purpose of this study, we have examined more effective solution plans by comparing and analyzing the safety cases of overseas advanced port, with the indicated reasons in the previous study of the past why the container terminal safety problems wouldn't still improve.
First of all, in case of South Korea, there are lots of problems in the collection of disaster statistics, which is the basis of effective measures to prevent recurrence and the alternative plans.
Therefore, improvements are needed, because the operating companies and government agencies are not equipped with the systematic port safety management organizations and systems, due to lack of related laws and regulations.
Most causes of accidents in container terminals are owing to the safety insensitivity of Worker, But now it is expected that the organized and systematic accident prevention activities should be carried out, after examining what factors hinder the long-term and continuous safety consciousness in the container terminal, and remedying the laws and regulations which could control those factors.μ 1μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
μ 1μ μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό λͺ©μ 1
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1. κ΅λ΄ νλ§νμ μ¬ν΄ν΅κ³ λΆμ 3
2. κ΅λ΄ νλ§νμ μ¬ν΄μ¬κ³ νν© 5
μ 2μ 컨ν
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μ΄λν°λ―Έλ νμμμ
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μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ
νΉμ±μ λ°λ₯Έ μ ν΄Β·μν νκ²½ 18
μ 3μ₯ μ΄λ‘ μ κ³ μ°° 23
μ 1μ μ νμ°κ΅¬ 23
μ 2μ κ΅λ΄μΈ 컨ν
μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬μ λ 25
1. κ΅λ΄ 컨ν
μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬μ λ 25
2. ν΄μΈ 컨ν
μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬μ λ 29
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μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬μ λ¬Έμ μ κ³Ό μμ¬μ 45
1. νκ²½μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄ 45
2. λ²β€μ λμ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄ 47
3. μ‘°μ§μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄ 52
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μ 4μ₯ 컨ν
μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬ λ²β€μ λ κ°μ λ°©μ 55
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μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬ λ²λ₯ κ²ν μ κ°μ μ 55
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μμ λ³΄κ±΄λ² μνλ Ή(μ 12μ‘° β ν λ³ν3) κ°μ μ 57
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νλκ·μ μνμκ΄ν νΉλ³μ‘°μΉλ²(μ 29μ‘°,μ 40μ‘°)κ°μ μ 58
4. νλ§λ² μνλ Ή(λ³ν 4) κ°μ μ 59
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μμ 보건기μ€μ κ΄ν κ·μΉ(μ 40μ‘°) κ°μ μ 62
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μ΄λν°λ―Έλ μμ κ΄λ¦¬λ₯Ό μν ν΅ν©μ μΈ νλ ₯μ²΄κ³ κ΅¬μ± 63
2. ν΅ν©μ μΈ μμ κ·μ λ° μ§μΉ¨ μ μ 64
3. λ³Έμ λ΄ μμ
νκ²½ κ°μ μ μν PSC, FSC μ κ² κ°ν 70
4. νλ§ λ΄ μμ κ·μ μλ°μμ λν μ μ¬μ‘°μΉ κ°ν 71
5. 3rd Party μμ
μ κ°μΈμΉμ©μ°¨ μ΄μ© μ ν 71
6. νλ¬Όμ°¨λ κΈ°μ¬μ μμ μΆμ
μμ λν μμ κ΅μ‘ μ무ν 72
7. λκΈμ§ Y/T μ΄μ μμ λν μμ κ΄λ¦¬ λ°©μ λ§λ ¨ 73
μ 5μ₯ κ²° λ‘ 74
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μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 77
κ΅λ΄ λ¬Έν; 77
ν΄μΈ λ¬Έν; 79
[λΆ λ‘] 80Maste
λ€νΈμν¬ κΈ°λ° νμ μ€κ³ μμ€ν ꡬμΆμ μν Java 3D λͺ¨λΈλ§ λ°μ΄ν° λ·°μ΄μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
This study is on the development of the modeling viewer for the collaborating design on networking environments using java 3d. Many years ago, most of designer had to plan with the drafting tools like compass, ruler and calculator for product design. But after adding the computer system, the design project by CAD system has been the standard in industrial works. At this time, CAD includes 2D drafting, 3D modeling and visualized simulation for the engineering. And in the future and now, for knowledge based information system are including.
In this study for the developing the modeling viewer in collaborating design, the first module to reading CAD model file, the second to managing the read data in DB, and the third to exchanging of data are programmed using java 3d in client-server networking. With these module, the basic step to constructing collaborating design system is applying.λͺ©μ°¨
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ν λͺ©μ°¨ = v
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κ΅¬μ± λ° μ°κ΅¬ λ΄μ© = 3
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μ€ν νκ²½ = 5
2.2.1.2 μ€μκ° μκ°ν λͺ¨λ = 6
2.2.1.3 Java 3Dμ μ₯μ = 7
2.3 Java 3Dμμ μ§μνλ OBJ νμΌμ μ΄μ©ν λ‘λ = 8
2.3.1 OBJ νμΌμ λΆμ = 9
2.3.2 λ‘λ ν¨ν€μ§ μΈν°νμ΄μ€μ κΈ°λ³Έ ν΄λμ€ = 11
2.4 Java3Dμμ μ§μνμ§ μλ ASE νμΌμ μ΄μ©ν λ‘λ ꡬν = 11
2.4.1 ASE νμΌμ λ΄μ©λ³΄κΈ° = 12
2.4.2 ASE νμΌλΆμνκΈ° = 13
2.4.3 λ
Έλμ 보 μ½κΈ° = 14
2.4.4 λ°μ΄λ리 λ³ν = 16
2.4.5 λ©λͺ¨λ¦¬ λ‘λ = 16
2.4.6 λ°μ΄λ리 νμΌ λμ½λ = 18
2.4.7 λ·°μ΄λ‘μ λ λλ§ = 20
2.4.8 JNIλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν Java 3Dλ‘μ νΈμΆ = 23
2.5 μ¬μ©μ μλ λͺ¨λ = 23
2.6 μμ§λμ΄λ§ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€ ꡬν = 29
2.6.1 μμ§λμ΄λ§ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€ μμ€ν
μ μ’
λ₯μ νΉμ§ = 30
2.6.2 μμ§λμ΄λ§ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€κ°οΌεοΌ κΈ°λ²κ³Ό λꡬ = 31
2.6.3 μμ§λμ΄λ§ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€ κ³νμ λ¨κ³ = 31
2.6.4 ν΄λμ€λ³ μμ± μ μ = 34
2.6.5 λ°μ΄ν° μ¬μ νλͺ© μμ± = 35
2.6.6 MySQLλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μμ€ν
κ΅¬μ± = 35
2.7 2κ³μΈ΅ λ°©μμ λ€νΈμν¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μ°λ = 36
2.7.1 JDBC = 37
2.7.2 RMI = 38
2.7.3 λ€νΈμν¬ κΈ°λ° μμ§λμ΄λ§ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€ μμ€ν
μ ꡬν = 39
μ 3μ₯ κ²°λ‘ = 42
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έ
Statistical Characterization of UWB channel in Office Environments
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