쥐의 저항성 사다리 운동이 골격근 비대에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 체육교육과, 2014. 8. 송욱.Backgrounds: Resistance exercise is one of the methods that are used to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to increase muscle strength. Muscle quality (MQ) is a force per unit muscle massit is used to represent one of the resistance exercise effects. Recent studies suggested that ladder climbing exercise as a resistance exercise and they reported the increase in flexor hallucis longus (FHL) skeletal muscle mass. In this study, ladder climbing apparatus was modified for rat to mimic human resistance exercise. The purpose of this study was to confirm and evaluate whether a ladder climbing exercise is an efficient resistance exercise for an animal model. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=16) were divided into 2 groupscontrol group (CONn=8) and exercise group (EXn=8). Ladder climbing exercise was performed three times in a week, for 12 weeks (total 36 bouts, each bout consists of 10 climb ups). EX group climbed 100 cm high and 25 cm wide ladder angled at 85º with the weights secured to its tail. The intensity of ladder climbing exercise was progressively increased every week. Grip strength was measured at the first, fourth, eighth and the last week. Body weight was measured in every week. Skeletal muscles including biceps (BIC), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius (GAS), tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and plantaris (PLN) were dissected and their weights were measured. In addition, skeletal muscle cross sectional area was analyzed in EDL and TA. The muscle quality (MQ) was calculated by the ratio of grip strength (g) to the sum of skeletal muscle masses (g) in each muscle. Results: There was no significant difference in body weight between CON and EX group, which were from ten-week-old to fifteen-week-old. However, from the point of sixteen-week-old to the end of experiment, CON group showed higher BW than EX group (p<0.05). In relative skeletal muscle weights of EX group, it was resulted that only the FHL muscle showed greater tendency than that of CON group (p=0.065). In CSA analysis, EX group showed bigger fiber size in EDL and TA muscles than those of CON group (p<0.001 each). In the grip strength test, EX group had stronger grip strength than CON group after the 12th week of exercise training (p=0.01). In Muscle quality, EX group showed significantly higher values than CON group (p=0.01). Conclusion: In this study, 12 weeks of progressive resistance laddering exercise 1) decreased body weight, 2) increased relative skeletal muscle weight in FHL muscle, 3) enhanced CSA in EDL and TA muscles, and 4) elevated MQ index. Therefore, the ladder climbing exercise and exercise protocols were found to be an appropriate, yet effective exercise program that lead toward skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Key words Ladder climbing exercise, Progressive resistance exercise, Skeletal muscle mass, Muscle strength, Muscle quality Student number: 2011-21606INTRODUCTION 1 I. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 1. Resistance Exercise Models of Animal 3 II. METHODS 7 1. Animal Model 7 2. Experimental Design 8 3. Exercise Appratus and Protocol 10 4. Grip Strength Test 13 5. Skeletal Muscle Dissection 14 6. Skeletal Muscle Cross Sectional Area 15 7. Statistical Analysis 17 III. RESULT 18 1. Exercise Performance 18 2. Body Weight Change 21 3. Skeletal Muscle Wet Weight 25 4. Relative Skeletal Muscle Weight 27 5. Skeletal Muscle Cross Sectional Area 29 6. Change of Grip Strength 31 7. Muscle Quality 33 IV. DISCUSSION 35 REFERENCES 39 국문 초록 43Maste

(The) difference of compromise process according to various situations in making career decision

학위논문(박사) --서울대학교 대학원 :교육학과(교육상담), 2009.8.Docto

Perceptions of the Elementary School Teachers on Fostering Vocational Competencies of the Elementary Students

본 연구는 초등학생의 미래 직업역량 육성에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식을 살펴보기 위하여 대도시, 중ㆍ소도시, 읍ㆍ면 지역 소재 6개 공립 초등학교 교사 130명을 대상으로 학교 현장에서 이루어지고 있는 직업역량 교육의 실태와 그 지도방안 및 직업역량의 내용 영역에 대한 초등학교 교사들의 인식을 조사하였다. 연구의 결과, 초등학교에서 직업역량 육성 교육이 필요한 것에는 공감하고 있었지만 현재의 교육과정 속에 포함된 직업역량의 내용이 미흡한 수준이므로 현재의 교육과정을 보완하여 별도의 교육과정이 아닌 일반 교과 교육과정을 통하여 직업역량 교육을 실시하는 것을 바람직하게 여기고 있었다. 직업역량교육에 가장 적절한 지도 시간은 교과수업을 통한 지도이며, 진로 지도 및 상담 등에 있어 담임교사가 주도적 역할을 해야 하고 향후 전문상담교사가 진로업무를 담당할 경우 담임교사와 협력하는 형태로 진로지도를 수행하는 것을 선호하고 있었다. 따라서 초등학교시기에 육성되어야 할 직업역량의 내용 영역이 국가적 차원에서 마련되어 향후 교육과정 편성 시에 적절히 반영되어야 하고 담임교사의 진로지도 역량을 제고하기 위한 진로 관련 교사 연수 과정이 강화되어야 한다는 필요성, 그리고 초등 이외에 중등학교 교사들의 인식도 연구되어야 한다는 점 등이 논의되었다. The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions of the elementary school teachers on fostering key competencies needed for the workforce. The survey was conducted onto 130 Elementary school teachers who are working in Seoul, Kyung-Gi, and Kang-Won province to investigate the actual conditions of the school career guidance and the perceptions of the elementary school teachers regarding it. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, the elementary school teachers showed significant agreement on the necessity of the education of key competencies needed for the workforce from the elementary school periods. Second, they preferred curriculum based education of the key competencies to educating it through a separate curriculum. Third, the most ideal way of teaching the key competencies was to educate it with the integrated curriculum types. Fourth, they thought they should be in charge of delivering the career guidance to students. In addition, they wanted the perspective school counselors just to support themselves in delivering the career guidance instead of taking the roles over from them. The respondents perceived all the key competencies presented in this study had values in terms of preparing future occupations. However, some of the key competencies such as the organizational understanding area did not need to be educated in Elementary school levels. Further study is strongly recommended to find out the most adequate key competencies for the Elementary school students