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    ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•„๋™๊ฐ€์กฑํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ด์ˆœํ˜•.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ ์ค‘๋ฅ˜์ธต ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ 3์„ธ 59๋ช…, 4์„ธ 59๋ช…, 5์„ธ 58๋ช… ์ด 176๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ , ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ณผ์ œ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•œ ํ›„ SPSS Window์šฉ 18.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, Pearson ์ ๋ฅ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ๋‹จ์ผํ‘œ๋ณธ t ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋Œ€์‘ํ‘œ๋ณธ t ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ • ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„, ์ค‘๋‹คํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ์— ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์•„์ง ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ์•„๋Š” 4์„ธ๊ฒฝ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ๋ น์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์–ต์ œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์–ต์ œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์œ ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๋” ํฌ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ˆœ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ ์ˆ˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์ „ํ™˜๊ธฐ์ธ 4์„ธ ์ดํ›„ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž„์„ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์‘๋‹ต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์—ฐ๋ น ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์˜์—ญ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜์—ญํŠน์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก I. ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 II. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 1. ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 8 1) ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 8 2) ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ 10 3) ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 2. ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์ด๋ก  16 1) ์˜์—ญํŠน์ •๋ก  17 2) ์˜์—ญ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก  21 3. ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด 23 4. ํ‘œ์ƒ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด 29 5. ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด 33 1) ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 33 2) ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 38 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 41 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 41 2. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 42 1) ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด 42 2) ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ 43 3) ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด 44 4) ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 44 5) ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 46 IV. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 47 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 47 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ 49 1) ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ 50 2) ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์„ 56 3) ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ ๋ถ„์„ 57 4) ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ณผ์ œ 59 5) ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 66 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 67 1) ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ 67 2) ๋ณธ์กฐ์‚ฌ 70 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 73 V. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 74 1. ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด 74 1) ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ 74 2) ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ 82 3) ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  88 2. ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์— ์—ฐ๋ น, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 98 3. ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์— ์—ฐ๋ น, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 102 VI. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 106 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 106 2. ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 117 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 121 ๋ถ€๋ก 138 Abstract 152 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 47 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 48 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 49 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ ๋น„๊ต 50 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 53 ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ 54 ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ 56 ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ถ„์„ 58 ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์–ต์ œ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 61 ์ •์„œ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์–ต์ œ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 63 ์ฃผ์˜์ „ํ™˜ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 66 ์‹คํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 71 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ณ„ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผํ‘œ๋ณธ t ๊ฒ€์ฆ 76 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ • ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ 77 ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 78 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 79 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 81 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 83 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ • ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ 84 ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ 85 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 86 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ์ ์ˆ˜ 89 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 92 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด, ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ • ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ 94 ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์ฆ 95 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 96 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 97 ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 99 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ 100 ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 103 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณ„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ 104 ๊ทธ ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ Praat ๋ถ„์„ ์‹คํ–‰ ํ™”๋ฉด 57 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ 79 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ์ ์ˆ˜ 81 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ 87 ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 93 ์ •๋ณด์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  97 ํ‘œ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 3, 4, 5์„ธ ์œ ์•„์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ์ถ”๋ก  98 ๋ถ€ ๋ก ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ œ 138 ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋„๊ตฌ 149 ์œ ์•„์˜ ์‹คํ–‰๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ 150Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2020. 8. ์ „๊ตญ์ง„.์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์„ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ผ์ด๋‹ค, ๋ ˆ์ด๋”, ์Šคํ…Œ๋ ˆ์˜ค ๋น„์ „, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ชจ๋…ธ ๋น„์ „ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋†’์•„ ์•„์ง ๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ž™๋ฐ•์Šค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์†Œํ˜• ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์•ž๋‹จ์— ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” f/1.8๊ณผ f/4.0์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์™€ ์ดˆ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 8 mm, ํ™”๊ฐ 45ยฐ, FHD๊ธ‰ ํ™”์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ „์••์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ”ผ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ํ”ผ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋กœ ์–ป์€ ๋‘ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”ผ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ œ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””ํ…ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋งต ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋””ํ…ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ •์ง€๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” 50 m ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  0.826 m์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋งต ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ„์— ์ดฌ์˜๋œ 70 m ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ •์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” 0.619 m, ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” 1.000 m๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์•ผ๊ฐ„์— ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ค‘ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์€ 40 m ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 5.470 m์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™์€ ์•ก์ • ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ 2.64 V์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋™์ž‘ ์ „์••๊ณผ 10.59 ms์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์—์„œ 30 fps๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ํ”ผ์‚ฌ๊ณ„ ์‹ฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ์žฅ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 1/2.7 ์ธ์น˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ์•ž๋‹จ์—, ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต์ • ๋ฐ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ณต์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ 10 ร— 10 ร— 1.8 mm3 ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œํ˜• ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „์ฒด ์„ผ์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™” ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต์ • ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ FHD๊ธ‰ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์ƒ์˜ ํ™”์งˆ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •๋ ฌ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†์–ด ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ข‹์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ, ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ, ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘, ์ ์™ธ์„  ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด์ค‘ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ DFD ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์—†์ด ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๊ฐ ์ง€๋Œ€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ, ๋ณดํ–‰์ž ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์‹, ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡, ๋“œ๋ก , ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ์šฉ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ, ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์‚ฐ์—…, ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์†Œํ˜• ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฝ์ž…๋˜์–ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Recently, autonomous car is rapidly developing with the distance sensing technology. There is LIDAR, radar, stereo vision, and algorithm-based monovision cameras, but these sensors are bulk or expensive. Thats why these sensors are not yet popularly used in many vehicles for autonomous car. To overcome these major problems, this study provides the image and distance information at the same time by implementing the distance sensor by simply inserting a tunable aperture in front of the same size camera as dash cam. The distance sensor of this study consists of the tunable aperture with f/1.8 and f/4.0 and the camera module with focal length of 8 mm, field of view of 45ยฐ, and FHD resolution. When a driving voltage is applied to the tunable aperture, the tunable aperture changes according to the voltage. The camera module assembled with the tunable aperture can obtain two images with two different depth of field. Depth of field difference between two images increases linearly with distance, and this is confirmed through simulation and experiment. The distance information can be extracted through the difference in the depth of field of images. Additionally, the deep learning algorithm such as detector algorithm and depth map algorithm can increase the accuracy of the distance. When the detector algorithm was applied, the average error is 0.826 m in the 50 m range when the vehicle was stopped during the day. In the case of depth map algorithm, the error of the object area in the 70 m range during the day is 0.619 m in the stationary situation and 1.000 m in the driving situation. The image taken at night has an error of 5.470 m for the object area in the 40 m range. The distance sensor system can measure the distances in real time of 30 fps at low power by tunable aperture based on LCD method for low operating voltage of 2.64 V and fast response time of 10.59 ms, The distance sensor improves the distance accuracy by using two apertures instead of just one aperture in a single camera. This sensor has the same size as a dashboard camera with a 1/2.7 inch image sensor by using small variable aperture of 10 ร— 10 ร— 1.8 mm3 by semiconductor fabrication and display fabrication, which is realized to reduce the overall distance sensor size and improve fabrication accuracy. Also, the price is much lower than existing distance sensors, and the FHD camera is used to improve image quality. Since the tunable aperture operates in one layer, it can reduce optical aberration resulting from misalignment. The sensor could be highly reliable due to no moving mechanical parts. Unlike the distance sensors using other apertures such as coded aperture, aperture using color filter, and dual aperture using visible and infrared filter, clear image is obtained without recovery process. The distance sensor is applied to autonomous vehicles for collision avoidance warning, blind spot detection, pedestrian detection, and parking assistance. It is also suitable to the other applications such as robots, drones, mobile cameras, gaming industry and the Internet of Things.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 1.2.1 ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 4 1.2.2 ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์†Œํ˜• ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ 12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  19 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์•ก์ • ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ 23 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์›๋ฆฌ 23 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ ์„ค๊ณ„ 27 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ ์ œ์ž‘ 29 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ ์ œ์ž‘ 33 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ 40 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ •์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 40 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ ์ • 42 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ์˜ˆ์ธก 48 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ด‘ํ•™๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 52 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐœ์™€ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ธฐํŒ ์ง‘์ ํ™” 57 3.5.1 ์›จ์ดํผ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ 57 3.5.2 ์›จ์ดํผ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์˜ ์˜ค๋ชฉ๋ Œ์ฆˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ 62 3.5.3 ์ง‘์ ํ™” ๊ณต์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 67 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์–ด์…ˆ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ 77 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ • ์‹คํ—˜ 84 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 84 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์˜์ƒ ํš๋“ 87 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 91 4.3.1 DFD ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 91 4.3.2 ๋”ฅ๋Ÿฌ๋‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 93 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  106 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 109 Abstract 125Docto

    [๋™ํ–ฅ] ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    โ… . ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… โ–ก ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€ยทํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฐ์—…์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณต๋‹จยทํ•œ๊ตญ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›, ใ€Œํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์ผํ•™์Šต๋ณ‘ํ–‰์ œ ์ •์ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šคใ€๊ฐœ์ตœ(2016.9.22.) โ–ก ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€ยทํ•œ๊ตญ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณต๋‹จ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ „์šฉ ์ง์—…ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ผํ„ฐ ๊ฐœ๊ด€(2016.9.9.) โ–ก ๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€ยทํ•œ๊ตญ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ต์œก๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต, 2016๋…„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธ์ฆํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ‘œ(2016.9.2.) โ–ก ๊ต์œก๋ถ€ยท๊ณ ์šฉ๋…ธ๋™๋ถ€, ์‚ฐํ•™์ผ์ฒดํ˜• ๋„์ œํ•™๊ต 2017๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์‹œํ–‰(2016.8.18.) โ…ก. ์ง์—…๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ†ต๊ณ„ โ—ˆ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต(15~29์„ธ)์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก(ํ›ˆ๋ จ) ์‹คํƒœ: ๊ฒฝ์ œํ™œ๋™์ธ๊ตฌ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์กฐ์‚ฌ(2016.5.) ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ–ก ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก(ํ›ˆ๋ จ) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž ๋น„์œจ์€ 16.2%๋กœ ์ „๋…„ ๋™์›” ๋Œ€๋น„ 0.2%p ๊ฐ์†Œํ•จ. โ–ก ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ง์—…๊ต์œก(ํ›ˆ๋ จ) ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ง์—…๊ต์œก(ํ›ˆ๋ จ) ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์˜ 58.6%๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์„คํ•™์›์—์„œ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก(ํ›ˆ๋ จ)์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ

    [์ด์Šˆ๋ถ„์„] ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ ์˜ ์ทจ์—… ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

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    โ… . ์„œ๋ก  โ…ก. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋‚ด์šฉ 2. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ…ข. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต โ…ฃ. ๋งˆ์ด์Šคํ„ฐ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1. ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ์‹ค์งˆ์ž„๊ธˆ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 2. ์ทจ์—…๋ฅ  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 3. ๋…ธ๋™์‹œ์žฅ ์ •์ฐฉ ์˜๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ

    Assessment of the anti-obesity effects of the TNP-470 analog, CKD-732

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    The systemic treatment with angiogenesis inhibitor has been shown to result in weight reduction and adipose tissue loss in various models of obesity. To verify the mechanism of CKD-732 (TNP-470 analog) against obesity, we evaluated CKD-732โ€™s peripheral and central anti-obesity effects. CKD-732 was injected subcutaneously (s.c.) for 7 days in various animal models and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in arcuate nucleus (ARC) lesion mice, ob/ob mice, and normal littermates. Modulation of the hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs after i.c.v. injection was evaluated in ARC lesion mice and normal littermates. A conditioned taste aversion (CTA) was performed using lithium chloride (LiCl) as a positive control agent in Longโ€“Evans Tokushima Otsuka and Otsuka Longโ€“Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. As a result, 7 days of CKD-732 s.c. injection reduced the cumulative food intake and the body weight significantly in both treated obese (e.g. 114.8 ยฑ 13.4 g vs 170.7 ยฑ 20.6 g, 7.9 ยฑ 0.5% decrease vs 0.3 ยฑ 2.2% decrease; in treated OLETF rat versus control OLETF rat, P < 0.01 respectively) and non-obese models. Epididymal and mesenteric fat pads, and the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased in treated rats. A single i.c.v. injection decreased food intake and body weight in ARC lesion mice and ob/ob mice but not in normal littermates. Unexpectedly, the hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs were not altered by single i.c.v. injection. CKD-732 also induced a dose-dependent CTA comparable with LiCl injection, which is a commonly used agent to produce a CTA. In conclusion, CKD-732 causes significant body weight and appetite reduction, possibly by decreasing adiposity directly and inducing central anorexia, which is partly explained by a CTA. These results should be carefully verified to assess the utility of CKD-732 as an anti-obesity drug.ope

    Calcyclin, a Ca2+ Ion-binding Protein, Contributes to the Anabolic Effects of Simvastatin on Bone

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    In vitro treatment with a pharmacological dose of simvastatin, a potent pro-drug of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, stimulates bone formation. In our study, simvastatin stimulated differentiation of osteoblasts remarkably in a dose-dependent manner, with minimal effect on proliferation. To identify the mediators of the anabolic effects of simvastatin on osteoblasts, we tried to identify and characterize simvastatin-induced proteins by using proteomic analysis. Calcyclin was significantly up-regulated by more than 10 times, and annexin I was also up-regulated by simvastatin. However, annexin III, vimentin, and tropomyosin were down-regulated. Up-regulated calcyclin mRNA by simvastatin was validated by reverse transcription in mouse calvarial cells. In confocal microscope analysis, green fluorescence protein-calcyclin fusion protein was ubiquitously observed in the of MC3T3-E1 cells transfected with green fluorescence protein-calcyclin cDNA containing plasmid and was quickly concentrated in the nucleus 20 min after simvastatin treatment. Overexpression of calcyclin cDNA stimulated both the proliferation and expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA significantly, without exposure to simvastatin in MC3T3-E1 cells. However, both the rate of proliferation of the osteoblasts and the expression of alkaline phosphatase mRNA were suppressed significantly 1 day after treatment with the calcyclin-specific small interference RNA, and furthermore, simvastatin did not overcome this suppression in the small interference RNA-pretreated MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, calcyclin is one of the candidate proteins that plays a role in osteoblastogenesis in response to simvastatin, although the precise functions of calcyclin in osteoblast remain to be verified.ope

    Efficacy and factors that affect response of rosiglitazone in uncontrolled insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] Rosiglitazone(RSG)์€ thiazolidinedione(TZD)๊ณ„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ, PPAR-gamma ํ•ต์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” metformin๊ณผ sulfonylurea๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์€ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ RSG ๋ณ‘์šฉํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ์ •๋„์™€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ RSG์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ RSG์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”(Kitt < 2.5 %/min) 120๋ช…์˜ ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 60๋ช…์—์„œ 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ RSG์„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 4 mg์”ฉ ๋ณ‘์šฉํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 60๋ช…์—์„œ๋Š” 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‹์‚ฌ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์šด๋™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‘๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ์ •๋„์™€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณตํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ณผ ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ 12์ฃผํ›„์˜ ๊ณต๋ณตํ˜ˆ๋‹น์ด 20%์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด 1%์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‹จ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Kitt(ํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ, Kitt = 0.693/t1/2 ร— 100)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  HOMAIR(Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance)๊ณผ HOMAbeta-cell function(Homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function)์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. RSG ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ(60๋ช…, ๋‚จ:์—ฌ=19:41)์—์„œ๋Š” 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ ๊ณต๋ณตํ˜ˆ๋‹น์€ 28.2%, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์€ 23.2%, ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋Š” 12.2% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ p<0.001). Kitt๋Š” 53.3% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ HOMAIR์€ 41.2% ๊ฐ์†Œ, HOMAbeta-cell function์€ 46.9% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(๊ฐ๊ฐ p<0.005). ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ(45๋ช…, 75%)์€ ๋น„๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ-์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋น„๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณตํ˜ˆ๋‹น๊ณผ ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ € ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋†๋„์™€ HOMAIR์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ Kitt๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ C-peptide๋†๋„์™€ HOMAbeta-cell function๋„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ RSG ๋ณ‘์šฉํˆฌ์—ฌํ›„ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณผ ์ฒด์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ์™€ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ-์—‰๋ฉ์ด ๋‘˜๋ ˆ๋น„๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณตํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ด์™„๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ๋†๋„์™€ Kitt ๋ฐ HOMAIR์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋ณต ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ C-peptide๋†๋„๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ HOMAbeta-cell function์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ RSG์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•ฝ์ œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ œ2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋ณ‘์šฉํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ๊ณผ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  RSG์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ทŒ์žฅ ๋ฒ ํƒ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ RSG์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ, ๋†’์€ ๋น„๋งŒ๋„, ๋†’์€ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ถ„๋น„๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Rosiglitazone(RSG), an insulin sensitizer of thiazolidinedione(TZD) class, is known as a highly selective and potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-gamma). It improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity. This study was performed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity and insulin sensitizing effect of RSG combination therapy in insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patients who were poorly controlled with oral agents such as metformin and/or sulfonylurea. The factors that affect response of RSG were also evaluated on the basis of the degree of glycemic control. One hundred twenty insulin-resistant(Kitt < 2.5 %/min) type 2 diabetic patients(42 male, 78 female, mean age 58.6 9.2 years, BMI 24.2 2.8 kg/m2) were enrolled. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, either RSG treated group or control group. For 12 weeks, the RSG treated group daily received 4 mg of RSG and the control group had diet and exercise therapy in addition to the previous medications. The glucose levels and the indices of insulin resistance and insulin secretory function were measured. The responder was defined as more than 20% decrease of FPG level or more than 1% decrease of HbA1c. As for the indices of insulin resistance and insulin secretory function, Kitt(Kitt = 0.693t1/2 ร—100) by insulin tolerance test, HOMAIR and HOMAbeta-cell function by ''HOMA index(Homeostasis model assessment)'' were evaluated. In RSG treated group(60 patients, M:F=19:45), 12 weeks of RSG treatment decreased FPG(28.2%), postprandial 2-hour glucose(PP2hrG, 23.2%), and HbA1c(12.2%). RSG treatment also significantly increased Kitt(53.3%), decreased HOMAIR(41.2%), and increased HOMAbeta-cell function(46.9%). Forty-five patients satisfied responder and which suggested 75% response of RSG. Female patients and those who had higher BMI showed better response. The responders tended to have larger waist circumference(WC) and WHR. The basal FPG, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure were also higher in responders. The responders showed significantly higher fasting serum insulin level, HOMAIR and higher tendency of fasting serum C-peptide level and HOMAbeta-cell function than nonresponders. RSG treatment expectedly increased body weight and BMI but did not increase WC and WHR in responders. In addition to significant decrease of FPG, PP2hrG, HbA1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, RSG treatment also improved fasting serum insulin level, Kitt, and HOMAIR in responders. As for the indices of insulin secretory function, although the fasting serum C-peptide level showed minimal interval change, HOMAbeta-cell function increased with significance in responders. From our results, RSG treatment can improve not only hyperglycemia and insulin resistance but also insulin secretory function in uncontrolled insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes. The factors that affect response of RSG are female, obesity, high insulin secretory function, and severe insulin resistance. As a conclusion, the therapeutic efficacy or response of RSG is likely to depend on the degree of preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and the severity of insulin resistance.ope

    ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผ(๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ๋ฏผ๋ณ‘๊ณค.๋ณธย ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ(functional literacy)๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ(critical literacy)์„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์™ธ์—ฐ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ต์ˆ˜โ€คํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์›๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ œ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„(Critical Discourse Analysis)์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋‚จ์šฉ, ์ง€๋ฐฐ, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ค์ •์น˜์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ์†์—์„œ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ €ํ•ญ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”, ๋น„ํŒ์  ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒโ€ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋… ๋“ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ๋…์ž์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์›๋ฆฌ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๋œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž˜๋ชป ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ตญ์–ด๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์›๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์š” ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ณ ์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 81๋ช…์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์„ธ ํ•™์ž-ํŽ˜์–ดํด๋กœ(Fairclough), ํŒ ๋ฐ์ดํฌ(van Dijk), ๋ณด๋‹ฅ(Wodak)-์˜ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ ํ™•์žฅ, ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์‹คํ–‰, ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”์˜ 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์‹ ํ™•์žฅ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ(์ฝ๊ธฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์  ์ ๊ฒ€์„, ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์‹คํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„ ๋ถ„์„, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๋ถ„์„, ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋น„ํŒ์„, ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”์—๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐ ํ™•์ธ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋น„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•œ 81๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ 61๋ช…์„ ์žฌ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์€ 61๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์„, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•™์Šต๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์„, ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์™ธ๋ž˜์–ด ํ‘œ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 3์ฐจ์‹œ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋…ผํ‰์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋ฌธ์‹์„ฑ ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ ์ , ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ™œ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜โ€คํ•™์Šต์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์  ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 7 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 17 II. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด๋ก  24 1. ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  24 1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 24 (1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ์–‘์ƒ 24 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝ 32 2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 37 (1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ 37 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 43 2. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก 46 1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์›๋ฆฌ 46 (1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 46 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 52 2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ• 55 (1) ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 56 (2) ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 63 (3) ๋‹ดํ™” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ 68 3) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ™œ์šฉ 75 (1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 75 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ „์ œ 76 III. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 85 1. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ 85 1) ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์–‘์ƒ 85 (1) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 85 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰ํ•™์Šต ์ƒํ™ฉ 88 (3) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 92 2) ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ 113 (1) ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  113 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ 115 2. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 119 1) ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 119 (1) ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 119 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 122 2) ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 125 (1) ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ(์ฝ๊ธฐ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 125 (2) ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 127 (3) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 131 (4) ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋น„ํŒ 135 3. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 137 1) ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 137 2) ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 139 (1) ์ธ์‹ ํ™•์žฅ 139 (2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„ ์‹คํ–‰ 144 (3) ํ™•์ธ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™” 156 IV. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 165 1. ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 165 1) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 165 (1) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ 165 (2) ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋‚ด์šฉ 167 (3) ์ œ์žฌ ์†Œ๊ฐœ 171 2) ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 178 (1) ์–‘์  ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 178 (2) ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 181 2. ๋น„ํŒ์  ๋‹ดํ™”๋ถ„์„์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ 183 1) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 183 (1) ํ•™์Šต ์ „ ์ฝ๊ธฐ 183 (2) ํ•™์Šต ํ›„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ 184 (3) ๋…ผ์˜ 185 2) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 186 (1) ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ 186 (2) ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 203 (3) ์–ธ์–ด์  ์‹คํ˜„๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ค์žฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋น„ํŒ 221 3) ๋น„ํŒ์  ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ถ„์„ 224 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  230 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 235 ๋ถ€๋ก 247 Abstract 251Docto

    A Study on the Features of Reading Underachievers and Instructional Methods

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    This study is aimed to clarify the features of reading process of reading disability students which I believe help find a teaching scheme adequate to middle school students with reading underachievement. The analysis of product of students' reading operation shows the difference between lower level students and higher level students is very large. To solve this problem of reading underachievers, we should make a diagnosis of what problems they have in reading process and in what point they are weak. On this ground, I extracted the features of reading underachievers in reading process through the thinking aloud method. I got following features of middle school reading underachievers through this study. First, the speed is low in reading aloud owing to the lack of fluency, and misreadings appear frequently, which show reading underachievers misunderstand the contents. Second, they lack lexical competences, strategy of conceptualization, and comprehension of various usage of a word. Third, they can't analyze the contents deeply because they mostly ask superficial questions to understand the contents, and they often leave out some parts they should read. Forth, they rarely infer writers, genre, characteristics, and succeeding contents. Furthermore, they can't make consecutive inference from sentences and as a result of lack of logic and ability to connect their background knowledges with the contents they misunderstand the contents. Fifth, they can rarely give evaluation or appreciation of an article as a whole and their appreciations of a part of an article are low-grade. On these grounds, I asserted that reading aloud can be an useful method of evaluating the reading ability of students at middle school level. Furthermore, I proposed methods to improve conceptualizing, decoding, inference, evaluating, and appreciating ability
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