53 research outputs found

    ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์ด์˜จ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์Œ๊ทน์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ์กฐ๋งนํšจ.In this dissertation, a study on the energy dissipation and performance degradation of silicon anode of lithium ion batteries have been investigated by chemo-mechanical coupling finite element method. Galvanostatic charge โ€“ discharge cycle is simulated, and the energy dissipation is calculated from entropy production due to diffusion and plastic deformation. Both silicon nanowire and silicon nanofilm anode have been simulated to observe the effect of anode geometry on dissipation. Yield strength, charge range and charge speed are varied in order to study the effect of material properties and charging condition. It is observed that whereas diffusion dissipation dominates in nanowire anode, plastic dissipation dominates in nanofilm anode. Energy dissipation as a function of charge range and charge speed have been presented for both nanowire and nanofilm andes. On the other hand, the initiation and propagation of crack in galvanostatic charge โ€“ discharge cycle have been simulated using element failure method. Tensile strength is used as the crack initiation criteria, and the fracture energy and J-integral is used as the crack propagation criteria. Crack propagation direction is determined by the direction of first pricipal stress. When a crack exists in a nanowire, the dissipation by diffusion and plastic has been increased, apart from the dissipation by crack. The increase of plastic and dissipation energy dissipation owing to the existence of crack is ploted, and the value increases as the nanowire radius increases. Calculation has been performed for the initial center crack and initial surface crack case, and it is observed whereas the initial center crack tends to grow straightly, the initial surface crack tends to be vent owing to higher compressive stress in the inner part at discharging state.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivations 1 1.2 Research trends 2 2 Framework of diffusion-deformation couplig simulation 8 2.1 Diffusion-deformation coupling formulation 8 3 Anode design for energy-efficient battery charging 15 3.1 Simulation modeling 15 3.2 Energy dissipation 18 3.3 Validation of the present method 19 3.4 Effect of yield strength on energy dissipation 21 3.4.1 Spacial distribution of lithium concentration and stress 21 3.4.2 Effect of yield strength on energy dissipation and dissipation rate 23 3.4.3 Effect of boundary condition on energy dissipation 25 3.5 Effect of , , and on energy dissipation 27 3.5.1 Energy dissipation in nanowire 28 3.5.2 Energy dissipation in nanofilm 30 4 Crack initiation and propagation under Galvanostatic charging cycle in silicon nanowire 64 4.1 Element failure method 64 4.2 Simulation modeling 69 4.3 Results 71 4.3.1 Convergency of the solution with respect to the mesh density 71 4.3.2 Initial crack at the center of nanowire 71 4.3.3 Initial crack at the surface of nanowire 72 5 Conclusions 94 References 96Docto

    Macroscopic Morphology Control of Mesoporous Inorganic Materials from Block Copolymer-Based Multiphase Polymer Blends

    Full text link
    Doctor๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ๋†’์€ ๋น„ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ , ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ”ผ, ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด 1992๋…„ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์น™์„ฑ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ํก์ฐฉ์ œ, ์ด‰๋งค, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ง‰, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „ํ™˜/์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋ก์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์„ž์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋ธ”๋ก์—๋งŒ ์„ž์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฆฝ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์œ ยท๋ฌด๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์˜จ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ”์กฐ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” 2-100๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ํ˜•์ƒ ์ œ์–ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฃผํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌผ์งˆ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ฒ”์šฉ์ ์ธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กธ-๊ฒ” ํ™”ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(Chapter 1). Chapter 2์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‘์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ-/๋ฉ”์กฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ Nb2O5๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์ธ ์œ ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด(resol)์˜ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ต ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ in-situ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์œ„๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„์— ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋†’์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ๊ณผ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋น›์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ž€ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด DSSC์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Chapter 3์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž…์ž ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋‹จ์ผ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๋™์ธ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ๋‹ฌ ์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‹จ์ผ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๋ฉ”์กฐ ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ธฐ ์†Œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‡ํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜•์˜ ์ž…์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ํŽธํ˜•ํƒ€์›์ฒด๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณต์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ํฌ๊ธฐ(15-44 nm), ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ, ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ(0.6-3 ฮผm), ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ์˜ ์ƒ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‚ดยท์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํผ์ง ๊ณ„์ˆ˜(spreading coefficient)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฝ”์–ด-์‰˜(core-shell) ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์•ผ๋ˆ„์Šค(Janus) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†์ด ๋นˆ ๊ตฌ์กฐ(hollow)์˜ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ž…์ž์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡ ํ˜•ํƒœ(bowl-like) ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž…์ž์˜ ๋‚ดยท์™ธ๋ถ€ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์–‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์ž…์ž ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (1) ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ ์ œ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (2)๋งคํฌ๋กœ ์ƒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ธ”๋ก ๊ณต์ค‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋…ธ/๋งคํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ œ์–ดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ฉ”์กฐ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์ž…์žํ™”์™€ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. (3) ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๊ณผํ•™, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ณผํ•™, ๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.Ordered mesoporous materials have been attracted great attention in the past decades due to their unique properties and functionalities such as high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore size and structures. Therefore, ordered mesoporous inorganic materials have been used in a variety of application including adsorption, catalysis, separation, drug delivery, and energy conversion and storages. Block copolymers (BCP) directed self-assembly is one of the promising methods for the preparation of mesoporous inorganic materials with tunable meso scale architectures. However, the BCP-directed self-assembly based approach still remains several problems in controlling the macro structure due to the limit of meso scale size. Previous most approaches employ complicated, tedious multi-step process or the integration of multiple templates or is materials-specific. (Chapter 1). The primary objective of Ph.D. thesis is development of simple, and versatile synthesis for mesoporous materials with controlled macrostructures by using BCP directed self-assembly of multiphase polymer blends. To this end, we combine inorganic sol-gel chemistry, synthetic polymer chemistry, and phase behavior of blends. In chapter 2, We report simple synthesis of macro- and mesostructured Nb2O5 that have functional submicrometer-sized particles (macrodomain) embedded in mesoporous frameworks (nanodomain). Resol can macrophase-separate by self-polymerization and co-assemble with niobia sol into mesostructured frameworks. The resultant materials increase the power conversion efficiency due to light-scattering capability of submicrometer-sized particles. In chapter 3, we report how combining mesoscale block copolymer (BCP) directed inorganic materials self-assembly and macroscale spinodal decomposition (SD) can be employed in multicomponent BCP/hydrophilic inorganic precursor blends with homopolymers to prepare mesoporous inorganic particles with controlled meso- and macrostructures. The homogeneous multicomponent blend solution undergoes dual phase separation upon solvent evaporation. Microphase-separated (BCP/inorganic precursor)-domains are confined within the macrophase-separated majority homopolymer matrix, being self-organized toward particle shapes that minimize the total interfacial area/energy. The pore orientation and particle shape (solid spheres, oblate ellipsoids) are tailored by changing the kind of homopolymer matrix and associated enthalpic interactions. The present approach enables a high degree of control over pore structure, orientation, and size (15-44 nm), particle shape, particle size (0.6-3 ยตm), and chemical composition (e.g., aluminosilicates, carbon, and metal oxides). Finally, we develop a simple synthesis approach toward hollow and bowl-like mesoporous inorganic particles by combining block copolymer (BCP) directed self-assembly and phase migration in multicomponent polymer blends. The homogenous blend solution spontaneously self-assembles to core-shell structures or anisotropically stacked particles upon solvent evaporation. BCP/AS phases act as compatibilizer, thus these phases aggregate and self-assemble to form mesoporous structures at the polymer-polymer interfaces. Pyrolysis yields discrete hollow and bowl-like mesoporous particles. This thesis is of particular importance because it (i) provides a new direction for the BCP-based synthesis of inorganic materials with complex porous structures; (ii) shows that unique phase behavior of polymer blends can be exploited for the design of mesoporous inorganic materials with various morphologies; and therefore (iii) provides an insight into synthetic approaches for the researchers in materials science and polymer science

    IPA analysis for activation of Bicycle lanes design

    Full text link

    Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) on Teachers' Work

    Full text link
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore