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    Design and Implementation of Ship Crew Position Identification Module for Accident Response System

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    ํ•ด์–‘์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์œก์ƒ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ง€์›์„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตญ์™ธ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ํ•จ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์„œ์•ผ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์ง€์  ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ๊ธ‰์—์„œ ํ•ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹œ ํ”ผํ•ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ERS(Emergency Response Service)๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‘์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ง‘, ๋„๋ฉด ๋ถ„์„ ๋“ฑ์— ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์‘์— ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ณจ๋“ ํƒ€์ž„์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Œ€์‘์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋‚ด ์Šน์กฐ์› ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋‚ด ์Šน์กฐ์› ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ, ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์‹๋ณ„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋‚ด ์Šน์กฐ์› ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” 900ใŽ’ RFID Reader์™€ Tag๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ตฌ์—ญ์— RFID Reader๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ MEMS ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์Šน์กฐ์›๋“ค์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์†Œ MEMS ์„ผ์„œ์˜ 3์ถ• ๊ฐ€์†๋„(Roll, Pitch, Yaw)์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ SVM(Signal Vector Magnitude)์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์ด๋กœ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„ ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋™๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. MEMS์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ SVM์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ด๋™ํ‰๊ท ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” UHF ํ†ต์‹  ๋ชจ๋Ž€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๋ฌด์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์†Œํ˜•ํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์Šน์กฐ์›๋“ค์ด ํœด๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜ ์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. |For maritime accidents, unlike accidents on land, an initial response is very important to minimize damage, as they often cannot receive external support promptly. In order to overcome these problems, various accident response systems have been developed overseas and applied to ships and large cruise vessels. Recently, problems with the accident response system for the ship accidents have been pointed out. In Korea, the Emergency Response Service(ERS) operates to support urgent countermeasures to minimize damage in case of marine accidents. Usually it is necessary to deal with accidents within the first few minutes. However, if there is a problem responding to an actual accident, critical response time is lost. Because calling on an expert and analysing a blueprint are too time consuming, another approach is required. Therefore we have designed and implemented the Position Identification Module for locating lost crew members on ships that can overcome many of the disadvantages of the existing accident response system. The system which can identify the position of crew members in the ship is designed to be implemented as a module unit. It works to identify the location of crew members in the ship through two separate modules. The first one is called the โ€œPosition identification Module by Zoneโ€ that divides the ship into boundaries by considering the structure of the ship and the identification of boundary zones. The second one is called the โ€œPosition Identification Module In Zoneโ€ that is capable of identifying the position inside the module itself. In the design of the Position Identification Module By Zone, it works by defining the boundary area using a 900ใŽ’ RF-ID Reader and Tag. The module was designed so that it can process the per-zone data through installing the RF-ID Reader in the boundary zone. In the design of Position Identification Module In Zone, it can find the magnitude of energy, SVM(Signal Vector Magnitude), and measure the moving distance. This is done according to the size of the energy measured on a three-axis acceleration(Roll, Pitch, Yaw) sensor in MEMS sensor to find the position of any moving crew members in the main boundary zone. Additionally, it is also possible to recognize the direction of movement using a Gyroscope inertial sensor. In the case of SVM using the MEMS sensor, the data is processed to compensate for the moving distance of the energy magnitude according to the moving average method which continuously averages the magnitudes of energy and the moving averages. The processed data is then wirelessly shared using a fixed UHF communication modem. Implementing this in the module, the Position Identification Module In Zone is miniaturized and the Position Identification Data in Zone is shared by making it the crew membersโ€™ portable in an accident situation.1. ์„œ ๋ก  1 2. ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  2.1 ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 3 2.2 RFID 4 2.3 ๊ด€์„ฑ ์„ผ์„œ 7 2.4 I2C, SPI ํ†ต์‹  9 2.5 Serial ํ†ต์‹  11 2.6 TCP/IP ํ†ต์‹  14 3. ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ 3.1 ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ 17 3.2 ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ 20 3.3 ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ 23 4. ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 4.1 ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 26 4.2 ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 31 4.3 ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ตฌํ˜„ 34 5. ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 5.1 ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 39 5.2 ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39 5.3 UI๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์„ ๋‚ด ์Šน์กฐ์› ์œ„์น˜์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 44 6. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  47 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 49 ๋ถ€๋ก 51Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๊น€์„ ์ง„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋น„์นจ์Šต ๋‡Œ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์  ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑํ•™์Šต์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๊ด€์ ˆ, ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜‘์‘ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑํ•™์Šต์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‡Œ ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ •ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ์†์ƒ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅธ์†์žก์ด ๋งŒ 20์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์ž ์„ฑ์ธ 18๋ช…๊ณผ 60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋‚จ์ž ๋…ธ์ธ 18๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ น ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด ๋Œ€๋‡Œํ”ผ์งˆ ์ค‘ ๋ณด์กฐ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์— ์–‘๊ทน์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ์— ์Œ๊ทน์ž๊ทน(aSMA-cPFC: 9๋ช…), ๋ณด์กฐ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์— ์Œ๊ทน์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ์— ์–‘๊ทน์ž๊ทน(cSMA-aPFC: 9๋ช…)์„ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์žฅ์น˜(tDCS)ํ†ตํ•ด 20๋ถ„๊ฐ„ 1mA๊ฐ•๋„๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ฑ„ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์ œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์ด ์ดํ‹€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1์ผ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ด 15ํšŒ๋กœ 1ํšŒ๋Š” 60์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์ผ์ฐจ์—๋Š” 1์ผ์ฐจ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์นจ์Šต๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ •๋ณ€์ธ์€ ํ‰ํ˜•์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ชธํ†ต๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชธํ†ต๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ๊ทผ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„, ์™ธ์ธก๊ด‘๊ทผ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„, ์ „๊ฒฝ๊ณจ๊ทผ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ tDCS ์ž๊ทนํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋…ธ์ธ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด์กฐ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์— ์Œ๊ทน์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ์ „์ „๋‘์—ฝ์— ์–‘๊ทน์ž๊ทน์„ ์ค€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ tDCS ์ž๊ทน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑํ•™์Šต ์‹œ ์ด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชธํ†ต๊ฐ์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชธํ†ต๊ฐ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ tDCS ์ž๊ทน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑํ•™์Šต ์‹œ ์ด์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”๊ทผ์œก์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„(๋ณ„) ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ๊ทผ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์™ธ์ธก๊ด‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ์ „๊ฒฝ๊ณจ๊ทผ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๋…ธ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ tDCS ์ž๊ทนํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•ํ•™์Šต์ „๋žต์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ 1(aSMA-cPFC)๊ณผ 2(cSMA-aPFC)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ชธํ†ต๊ฐ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„๊ณผ ํ˜‘์‘ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ์œกํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ 1(aSMA-cPFC)์€ ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ์šด๋™ํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์ด ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ 2(cSMA-aPFC)๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์—์„œ tDCS์ž๊ทน ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์—ฐ๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ . ์ Š์€ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•™์Šต์€ ์ž๊ทนํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ถ„์ ˆ, ํ˜‘์‘ ๋ฐ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ tDCS ์ž๊ทนํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  8 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 8 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  10 5. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ 11 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 12 1. ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฒฐ์† 12 2. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์˜ ์žฌ์กฐ์งํ™” 16 3. ๋…ธํ™”์™€ ์šด๋™ํ•™์Šต 20 4. ์˜ˆ์ธก ์ž์„ธ ์ ์‘(APAs)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 5. ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ•™์Šต ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 24 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 28 2. ์‹คํ—˜๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 3. ์‹คํ—˜์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 34 5. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 37 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 39 1. ๋น„์นจ์Šต ๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน(tDCS)ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ณ€ํ™” 39 2. ๋น„์นจ์Šต ๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน(tDCS)ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์œ ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์šด๋™ํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™” 49 3. ๋น„์นจ์Šต ๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน(tDCS)ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์œ ์ง€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทผ์œกํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™” 66 4. ๋น„์นจ์Šต ๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน(tDCS)ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ Š์€์„ฑ์ธ๊ณผ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ ํ‰ํ˜•์œ ์ง€ ์ „๋žต ์ฐจ์ด 81 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 86 1. ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๋Š” 2019๋…„ 2์›” 12์ผ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ ํ†ต์ผํ‰ํ™”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ฃผ์ตœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ํ† ๋ก ํšŒ(๋ถํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ œ)์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ† ๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ˆ˜์ •ยท๋ณด์™„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถํ•œ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ, ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ถํ•œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋Š” 1990๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง ์ดํ›„ ์ ์ง„์  ํšŒ๋ณต ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ์‹ค์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜๊ฒฌ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถํ•œ์ด ์•„์ง ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ค‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฐœํ˜๋„ ๊ฒฝ์ œํšŒ๋ณต์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๋Œ€์™ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ์ค‘๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋Œ€๋ถ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€์™ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋กœ์ธํ•ด ๋ถํ•œ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์‹œ์ผ์ด ํ๋ฅผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ปค์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ง๋œ๋‹ค.ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถํ•œ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ๋” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฐœํ˜ยท๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ, ๋‚จ๋ถ๊ฒฝํ˜‘ ๋“ฑ ์ฃผ์š” ์ •์ฑ… ๊ณผ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜› ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Researchers have put a lot of effort into identifying and explaining significant changes in the North Korean economy over the past two decades. Main conclusions from a selective review of this research literature are as follows. First, the North Korean economy has shown a gradual recovery since the late 1990s. While the assessment of growth performance varies considerably among researchers, there is consensus on the fact that North Korea has yet to move beyond the low-income status. Second, as markets and the private sector developed, a dual structure in which the state sector and the private sector, plans and markets coexist, was formed. Third, reconstruction and reform of the state-run sector may also have contributed to the economic recovery to some extent. Fourth, North Koreas external economic relations, especially North Koreas trade with China have greatly expanded and have been of great help to both the private and the state-owned sector. The negative impact of international sanctions on North Korean economy is expected to become more serious as time goes by. Efforts to obtain richer and more accurate data are of primary importance for future research. When it comes to major policy tasks such as reform and opening of North Korean economy and inter-Korean economic cooperation, comparative research with former socialist countries or low-income developing countries could give useful implications

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