18 research outputs found

    The Utilization of Landscape Information Model for Mitigating Urban Disasters

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2019. 2. ์†์šฉํ›ˆ.Landscape Information Modeling (LIM) has emerged as a new landscape design method and a process in the era of the fourth industrial revolution and the informatization age. This dissertation addresses the concept and necessity of LIM adoption into the field of Landscape Architecture and proposes several methods to utilize the Landscape Information Model which is the output of LIM. Specifically focusing on the measures for climate change and urban disasters, this dissertation intends to identify the expertises and roles of landscape architecture in ecological design. It proposes landscape architecture can take such a role by integrating landscape design elements with microclimate, topography, plants, soil and pavements. Landscape design which pursues ecological health of the environment has been called by various names such as sustainable design, green design, ecological design, green infrastructure design, and resilient design. Even in the different names, these design tendencies have commonly shared the similar design tactics and techniques integrating landscape design elements to solve environmental issues. They also could provide effective measures to mitigate urban disasters such as air pollution, urban flooding, landslide, and heat island effect. Despite the fact that landscape architects are the most eligible experts for dealing with urban disasters, they have not been able to play an important role in the government policy on these issues. This is mainly because the quantitative measurement and evaluation on the design elements and techniques are not properly carried out, and the objective inspection and prediction of landscape design and its outcomes are rarely observed or tested. For this reason, this paper suggests that landscape designers should take more active roles in pursuing ecology by deriving design ideas in the era of climate change. It also proposes that landscape design should be reviewed and analyzed based on objective evidences. The evidence on landscape design can be achieved by utilizing three dimensional information model that integrates microclimate, topography, stormwater, plants, soil and pavements with a relation-oriented design method. Three dimensional information model refers to Landscape Information Model, which is the outcome of LIM, and the relation-oriented design method refers to the parametric design method. It is possible to conduct logical evaluation on landscape design by identifying the relationship between variables of attributes on the model with an algorithm, an expression or a set of rules. Hence, this study proposes to utilize LIM for evidence-based design. LIM related technologies are divided into two partstechnologies for model construction and technologies for model utilization. Both of them have to be pursued at the same time. In the construction industry where the interdisciplinary collaborations are essential, BIM design guides and standards should be followed to build an integrated model because they are rules and agreements between contractors or other sectors. Therefore, it is important to plan the entire process for model construction and build a model according to Level Of Development (LOD) required for each design stage. On the other hand, model utilization refers to performing the design tasks required in the specialized professional field based on a LIM model to improve the quality of landscape design. It is necessary to collect opinions, knowledge and experience on model utilization from landscape experts. For this reason, expert interviews were carried out and their opinions were categorized through qualitative content analysis in the dissertation. Subsequently specific design tasks were presented to utilize LIM for ecological design. The experts opinions on design tasks include the calculation of cut and fill volume and surface area on a slopeplanting design based on the environmental condition and attributes of plantsand 4D tree growth simulation according to time sequence. The following ideas were mentioned in relation to urban disaster mitigation, as wellprediction on the impact of planting plan on air pollutionestimation and consideration on thermal comfort index for heat reductioncalculation and planning on the amount of stormwater management facility for Low Impact Development (LID) with Biotope Area Ratio. In addition, experts discussed the impact of LIM on aesthetic versus ecological aspects of landscape design in depth and the current excessive regulation. Most of experts agreed that LIM is a tool to maximize the objective evidence and engineering use for ecologic pursuit, not aesthetic one. They also gave opinions that LIM should be used to change the current regulations into reasonable ones so as not to limit the autonomy and creativity of design. After the basic strategies on creating and utilizing Landscape Information Model were developed, a Landscape Information Model was constructed on a case site and the design tasked derived from the expert interviews were performed. Since LIM libraries were not properly developed yet, time and effort were required for constructing the model. The modeling technique was also required to construct pavement materials on the irregular terrain. In the aspect of utilization, the design tasks were performed with BIM authorizing software, plug-ins and mainly the algorithms created by the author. First, the BIM authoring tool was able to calculate cut and fill volumes and the surface areas of โ€‹โ€‹the slope which could not be accurately obtained by 2D design method. The numeric value of the total cut and fill volume was precisely calculated by customizing the number of digits. In the case of a natural ground green area forming the north slope of the site, the surface area was calculated by 39.17% more than the horizontal projection area. This means that there might be considerable differences in two values โ€‹โ€‹of areas depending on slope. The accurate surface area obtained with a 3D model can be used to estimate a quantity take-off for slope stabilization, which ensures a proper estimation of the construction costs. It was possible to conduct a 4D tree growth simulation by creating an algorithm which reflects the growth rate included in the attributes of plant objects on the model. The increment of each tree height was used for the simulation. The 4D simulation was tested on Metasequoia, one of fast-growing trees, with the height of 5.5m on the construction documentations. As a result, the height was estimated at 9.9m after 5 years and 14.2m after 10 years by applying the growth rate of 0.87m/yr. The 4D simulation can be applied to the various species to predict the tree density change along with the landscape change. This dissertation also attempted to utilize the Landscape Information Model to perform planting design considering the light type of trees with the acceptable light condition. Time accumulation of shade on 3D terrain was analyzed with Shadow Analysis, one of plug-ins for SketchUp, and the result was expressed by a color legend. An algorithm is designed to change the color of trees by their attributes on the light types. Once the draft of planting design is made, landscape designers can review whether the light type of trees meets the amount of sunlight on the specific area. In addition, this paper has significantly discussed how to utilize the Landscape Information Model to address the following four design tasks related to urban disaster mitigation. First, the amounts of CO2 absorbing and O2 releasing by trees were estimated with 4D tree growth simulation to predict the function of trees for reducing air pollution. The result of a previous study was used to show the annual amount of CO2 absorbing and O2 releasing per tree on the basis of the change in Diameters at Breast Height (DBH). In the case of White pine as one of general evergreen trees, the growth rate of DBH was 0.64ใŽ/yr. The amounts of CO2 absorbing was estimated to be 9.52ใŽ and O2 releasing to be 6.96ใŽ at 8ใŽ of DBH. When DBH became into 11.2ใŽ after 5 years, the amounts of gases were 14.44ใŽ and 10.55ใŽ respectively while DBH changed into 14.4ใŽ after 10 years, they were 21.23ใŽ and 15.48ใŽ. In the case of Katsura as one of general deciduous trees, the growth rate of DBH was 0.67ใŽ/yr. The amounts of CO2 absorbing was estimated to be 12.20ใŽ and O2 releasing to be 8.90ใŽ at 10ใŽ of DBH. When DBH became into 13.4ใŽ after 5 years, the amounts of gases were 27.60ใŽ and 20.09ใŽ respectively while DBH changed into 16.7ใŽ after 10 years, they were 42.55ใŽ and 30.94ใŽ. It can be seen that the amounts of CO2 absorbing and O2 releasing are estimated after a certain period of time differ considerably from the values โ€‹โ€‹at the initial design even for general trees not fast growing trees. Therefore, once a landscape design accomplished, the environmental value of the design should be evaluated by predicting the changeable environmental performance over time. Second, COMFA, one of the outdoor thermal comfort models, was estimated so as to provide the evidence for selecting specific locations for outdoor facilities, species of trees and pavement materials. In the site of this study, an algorithm was created and performed to calculate COMFA at three places: a children's playground(P1), a resident exercise facility(P2) and a resting area(P3). Based on 1 PM on August 5, 2018 when the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UCTI) was the highest, COMFA was estimated 758.89W/ใŽก and 705.26W/ใŽก at the children's playground (P1) before and after design444.64W/ใŽก and 369.92W/ใŽก at the resident exercise facility (P2)156.45W/ใŽก and 79.49W/ใŽก at the rest facilities (P3), respectively. It was confirmed that COMFA was the highest at the children's playground (P1) where strong activities were performed before and after landscape design. This result suggests that the locations of outdoor facilities, planting and pavement design should be considered to improve thermal comfort. Third, Landscape Information Model was used to calculate the capacity of rainwater management facilities for Low Impact Development (LID), which was automatically calculated through an algorithm created for this process. The amount of required capacity for rainwater management facilities was 109.694ใŽฅ/hr based on the total area and green area with 5.5ใŽœ/hr of the rainfall share amount per facility. The amount of facility installation was calculated based on the information model, which was 111.058ใŽฅ/hr. The algorithm compared the amounts of required capacity against facility installation to examine whether the installation amount is sufficient. Lastly, it was possible to estimate the Biotope Area Ratio automatically and evaluate the design plan using Landscape Information Model. The Biotope Area Ratio reached 49.52% when the master plan had been approved while it was 46.30% when recalculated with the information model. This is due to the difference caused from calculating areas with two โ€‹โ€‹different softwares, AutoCAD and Revitthe area changes of pavements in the modeling process by vertical walls or water spaceand the weight changes on Biotope Area Ratio for the soil depth and underground soil condition. One of the limitations of this study is that the quantified base data on the design tasks are insufficient, and it is impossible to estimate the exact figures. For example, the data and prediction on the function of trees for reducing air pollution are handled in various studies. However, there is inconsistency among the data and the conversion method of units such as leaf area and DHB has not been properly addressed due to the diversity of the species and attributes of trees as natural materials. Therefore, further studies are needed to construct and maintain quantified database on landscape design elements including microclimate, topography, stormwater, plants, soil and pavements with standardization of various property information. It is essential for the ecological and engineering design in landscape architecture profession as a long-term plan. Fist of all, landscape architects can perform evidence based design and adhere to the design logic by converting the environmental value of urban parks and green areas into the quantitative values. This is not only an important research task to secure expertise for the landscape architecture profession, but it is also a duty to be responsible experts on climate change and urban disasters.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ •๋ณดํ™” ์ถ”์„ธ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ LIM(Landscape Information Modeling)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋„์ž… ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฏธ๊ธฐํ›„, ์ง€ํ˜•, ์šฐ์ˆ˜, ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ, ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ฑด์„ค๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ƒํƒœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ƒํƒœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ์ŠคํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ฒ˜ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํšŒ๋ณตํƒ„๋ ฅ์  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ช…์นญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ ค์™”๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ๋“ค์€ ๋ช…์นญ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ, ๋„์‹œํ™์ˆ˜์™€ ํ† ์‚ฌ, ์—ด์„ฌํ˜„์ƒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๊ตญํ† ์ •์ฑ…์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์„ฑ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ธฐํ›„, ์ง€ํ˜•, ์šฐ์ˆ˜, ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ, ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ž…์ฒด์  ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž…์ฒด์  ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์€ LIM์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„, ๊ด€๊ณ„์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. LIM๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์‹์ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒํƒœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. LIM์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜๋ฉฐ LIM์˜ ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜‘์—…์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด์„ค์‚ฐ์—…์—์„œ BIM ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ง€์นจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ฃผ์ฒ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€๋ถ„์•ผ์™€์˜ ๊ทœ์•ฝ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค€์ˆ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” LOD(Level Of Development) ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜, ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งˆ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ™”ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ƒํƒœ์  ์„ค๊ณ„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด์—๋Š” ์„ฑ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง€์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ์ƒ์œก์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด ์—ฐ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ์ถ”์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 4D ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋กœ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก, ์—ด์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฐ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† , ์ €์˜ํ–ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น—๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ LIM์ด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํƒœ์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ LIM์ด ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒํƒœ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ณตํ•™์  ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ค‘์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€์— ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •ํ˜• ์ง€ํ˜• ์œ„์˜ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์— ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” BIM์šฉ ์ €์ž‘๋„๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  2D ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์„ฑ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ์ง€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์„ BIM์šฉ ์ €์ž‘๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•ด์ง„ ์„ฑ์ ˆํ† ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๋งˆ์šด๋”ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ๋…นํ™”๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ถœ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ 4D ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ณ  5.5m์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ˆ˜์ธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์„ธ์ฟผ์ด์•„๋Š” ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฅ  0.87m/yr๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 5๋…„ ํ›„ 9.9m, 10๋…„ ํ›„ 14.2m์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์ข…๋“ค์— ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จํŽธ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ค‘ ์ผ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์Œ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒ์œก์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์‹์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3D ์ง€ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์Œ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ƒ‰์ƒ ๋ฒ”๋ก€์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚ด์Œ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ์ƒ‰์ƒ์ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋„๋ก ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ฐจ์  ์‹์žฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์Œ์„ฑ์ด ์Œ์˜ ์ถ•์ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 4D ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ CO2 ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ O2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‰๊ณ ์ง๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๋ชฉ๋‹น CO2 ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ O2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 0.64ใŽ/yr๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ํ‰๊ณ ์ง๊ฒฝ 8ใŽ์˜ ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋ธŒ ์žฃ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CO2 ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 9.52ใŽ๊ณผ O2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด 6.96ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 1๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10.23ใŽ๊ณผ 7.48ใŽ, 5๋…„ ํ›„ 14.44ใŽ๊ณผ 10.55ใŽ, 10๋…„ ํ›„ 21.23ใŽ๊ณผ 15.48ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด 0.67ใŽ/yr๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋œ ํ‰๊ณ ์ง๊ฒฝ 10ใŽ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CO2 ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด 12.20ใŽ๊ณผ O2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์ด 8.90ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด 1๋…„ ํ›„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 15.37ใŽ๊ณผ 11.20ใŽ, 5๋…„ ํ›„ 27.60ใŽ์™€ 20.09ใŽ, 10๋…„ ํ›„ 42.55ใŽ์™€ 30.94ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ถ”์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ณ ์ง๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ์˜ํ•ด CO2 ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ O2 ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ดํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ง€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„์น˜, ์ˆ˜์ข… ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ์„ ์ •์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋†€์ดํ„ฐ(P1), ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์šด๋™์‹œ์„ค(P2), ํœด๊ฒŒ์‹œ์„ค(P3)์˜ ์„ธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ COMFA๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. UCTI๋กœ ์ฒด๊ฐ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ผ์‹œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ „ํ›„ COMFA ๊ฐ’์€ P1์—์„œ 758.89W/ใŽก๊ณผ 705.26W/ใŽก, P2์—์„œ 444.64W/ใŽก๊ณผ 369.92W/ใŽก, P3์—์„œ 156.45W/ใŽก๊ณผ 79.49W/ใŽก๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. COMFA ๊ฐ’์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณต์‚ฌํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์‹œ๊ณ„์ง€์ˆ˜(Sky View Factor), ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ์ „๋„์œจ, ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ์˜ ์•Œ๋ฒ ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ์ง€์ ์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” P1์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ „ํ›„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„์น˜, ์‹์žฌ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ์„ค๊ณ„์—์„œ ์—ด์พŒ์ ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €์˜ํ–ฅ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น—๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ, ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น—๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ํ•„์š”๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ถ€์ง€์˜ ์ „์ฒด๋ฉด์ , ๋…น์ง€๋ฉด์ , ๋น—๋ฌผ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋Ÿ‰ 5.5ใŽœ/hr์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด 109.694ใŽฅ/hr์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ค์น˜๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰์€ ์นจํˆฌ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ์ด์šฉ์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด 111.058ใŽฅ/hr์ด ๊ตฌํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ํ•„์š”๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์„ค์น˜๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์น˜๋Œ€์ฑ…๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์ •์—์„œ ์„ค๊ณ„์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ์ž๋™ ์‚ฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ƒํƒœ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅ ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์Šน์ธ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ›„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๋ฉด์  ์‚ฐ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ, ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ† ์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์ง€๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฉด์ ๋ฅ  ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ • ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ฐจ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๋„ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉด์  ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ์™€ ์ง€์นจ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์•ž์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ก€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ •ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์†Œ์žฌ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ชฉ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์„ค์ •์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€, ์‹ค์ธก์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„์กฐ์ฐจ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฏธ๊ธฐํ›„, ์ง€ํ˜•, ์šฐ์ˆ˜, ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ, ํ† ์–‘ ๋ฐ ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ๋“ฑ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†์„ฑ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”, ์ฒด๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ , ๊ณตํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต์›๊ณผ ๋…น์ง€ ์กฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ํ™˜์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฒฝ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์— ์ž„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1-2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  4 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 6 2-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 6 2-2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ 10 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„๊ตฌ 13 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด 13 1-1. ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ 13 1-2. ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ… 17 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด์™€ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„ 20 2-1. ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 20 2-2. ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 23 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 25 3-1. ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„๊ตฌ 25 3-2. 3D ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ง€ํ–ฅ์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 29 3-3. ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฉ”ํŠธ๋ฆญ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ 30 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 33 ์ œ3์žฅ LIM์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ 35 ์ œ1์ ˆ LIM์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋… 35 1-1. LIM์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 35 1-2. LIM์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ฐจ์› 44 1-3. LIM ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ 45 1-4. LIM ๋„์ž…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ „๋ฌธ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 50 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ•ด์™ธ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ 56 2-1. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 56 2-2. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ Arnold & Porter Roof Terrace 58 2-3. ์˜๊ตญ Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park 61 2-4. ํ˜ธ์ฃผ Victorian Desalination Project 65 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 68 3-1. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 68 3-2. 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 69 3-3. ์ƒํ˜ธ์šด์šฉ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด 69 3-4. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 70 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 72 ์ œ4์žฅ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 75 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 75 1-1. ๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ตฌ์ƒ 75 1-2. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 77 1-3. ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ์ˆ˜์ค€(Level Of Development) ๊ฒฐ์ • 79 1-4. ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ์„ ์ • 81 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 83 2-1. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์‹ค์‹œ 83 2-2. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค ์ ์šฉ 84 2-3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ  92 2-4. ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„์—…๋ฌด ๋„์ถœ 97 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 99 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋„์‹œ์žฌํ•ด ์ €๊ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ ์šฉ 101 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์š” 101 1-1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 101 1-2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์š” 103 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 105 2-1. ์ง€ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 105 2-2. ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 107 2-3. ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์‹์žฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 111 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ •๋ณด๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 118 3-1. ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ •๋ณด 118 3-2. ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 120 3-3. ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 161 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 165 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 169 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 169 1-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 169 1-2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 171 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 174 2-1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 174 2-2. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 176 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 180 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 190 Abstract 192Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ,1996.Maste
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