11 research outputs found

    A Comparative Study of Dewey's Transaction and Buddhism's Pratitya Samutpada

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    λ…Όλ¬Έ μš”μ•½λ“€μ΄μ˜ ν”„λž˜κ·Έλ¨Έν‹°μ¦˜κ³Ό λ™μ–‘μ˜ 뢈ꡐ 사상은 κ·Έ μ‹œκ³΅μ  격차와 지ν–₯ν•˜λŠ” μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ©μ μ˜ 차이에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , μ „ν†΅μ² ν•™μ˜ λΆˆλ³€μ  싀체관을 λΆ€μ •ν•˜κ³  μƒν˜Έ κ΄€κ³„μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” 쑴재둠적, 인식둠적 원리에 μž…κ°ν•΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μƒν˜Έ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ μΈμ‹μ˜ 지평을 보여쀀닀. 듀이와 뢈ꡐ적 관점 λͺ¨λ‘ 'λ‚˜'λΌλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬μ„±κ³Ό μΈμ‹μž‘μš©μ΄ 자쑱적이고 고립적인 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, νƒ€μžμ™€μ˜ κ΄€κ³„λ§ΊμŒμœΌλ‘œ 말미암아 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  κ³„μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•΄κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμž„μ„ 보여주기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 관계둠적 μ‹œκ°μ— μž…κ°ν•΄λ³Ό λ•Œ λ“€μ΄μ˜ κ΅ν˜Έμž‘μš©κ³Ό 뢈ꡐ μ—°κΈ°μ„€μ˜ 관점은 ꡬ체적으둜 쑴재의 κ°€λ³€μ„±κ³Ό μžμ•„μ˜ νƒˆμ£Όμ²΄μ„±μ΄λΌλŠ” κ³΅ν†΅λœ μΈμ‹μ˜ 관점을 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³΅ν†΅λœ 관점 이면에 κΉ”λ €μžˆλŠ” μ–‘μžμ˜ 차이점도 μ£Όλͺ©λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. 즉, 듀이가 μΈκ°„μ˜ μš•κ΅¬λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜μ˜ 생성과 μž¬κ΅¬μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•œ 적극적 λ™μΈμœΌλ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” 데 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ, 뢈ꡐ μ—°κΈ°μ„€μ—μ„œλŠ” 무λͺ…을 νƒˆν”Όν•˜κ³  μ œλ²•μ‹€μƒμ˜ 진리에 이λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 끊고 버렀야 ν•  λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이닀. λ˜ν•œ 이에 따라 μš•κ΅¬μ™€ μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œλ„, 듀이가 λ‹Ήμ‚¬μžμ˜ μš•κ΅¬λΌλ“ κ°€ 동기, μ‚Άμ˜ λ§₯λ½μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 진리가 뢄리될 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ³΄λŠ” 데 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ λΆˆκ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” νƒμ°©μ˜ μš•κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λΆ„λ¦¬λœ μ²­μ •ν•˜κ³  ν‰ν™”λ‘œμš΄ 마음의 자유λ₯Ό μ§„μ •ν•œ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ΄μš”, 진리라고 λ³΄λŠ” 것이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 듀이 사상과 뢈ꡐ 연기섀에 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” 이와 같은 곡유점과 λΆ„κΈ°μ μ˜ μ›μ²œμ΄ 무엇인지λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ , λ™μ‹œμ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ…Όμ˜κ°€ ν˜„λŒ€ κ΅μœ‘μ— μ–΄λ–€ μ‹œμ‚¬λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό νƒμƒ‰ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Dewey's philosophy and Buddhism have been generally considered as different trends of thought of the Orient and the Occident. But in this study, there is underlying assumption that Dewey's pragmatism and Buddhism's thought show similarity in that they commonly base on the identical principle of ontology and epistemology. The identical principle is a principle of 'correlationship' between knowing and the known, self and the world. Dewey's philosophy and Buddhism commonly reject the traditional viewpoint of permanent, unchanged entity in view of correlationship. The correlationship in Dewey's view means transaction, in Buddhism's view means 'pratitya samutpada'(η·£θ΅·). The two commonly show that the existence and knowing of 'self' are not self-sufficient, but are continually being changed by the relationship between self and the other. All existences in the world cannot be isolated because of this correlationship. In view of this relational viewpoint, Dewey's thought and Buddhism's common viewpoints can be summarized as follows: the viewpoint of variance of existence, post-subjectivity of self, and the correlationship of the world. But also it must be pointed out that there are different points between the two. Firstly, in Dewey's view, man's desire is a positive motive for the becoming and reconstruction of experience, but in Buddhism's view, it is an object of abandonment for the acquiring of the wisdom of 'Nirvana'(梅槃). Secondly, in Dewey's view, the relation between the truth and the desire can not be separated, but in Buddhism's view, truth ultimately means the calm state of mind separated from the desire of 'tanha'(ζΈ΄ζ„›). In this context, this study is to understand the source of the two's similarity and difference in view of the ontology and epistemology, and to inquire into some implications for modern education

    A Comparative Study between Augustinus and Aquinas on the Image of Teacher

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    μ€‘μ„Έμ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ 두 μ‹ ν•™μžμΈ μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€μ™€ μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” κ³΅ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ 기독ꡐ적 세계관에 μž…κ°ν•΄ μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 인식 κ°€λŠ₯성에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒμ΄ν•œ 해석을 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€λŠ” ν”ŒλΌν†€μ  μ΄λ°μ•„μ˜ 세계λ₯Ό 신적 μ§€μ„±μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 참된 μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 인식이 신적인 κ³„μ‹œμ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 반면, μ•„λ¦¬μŠ€ν† ν…”λ ˆμŠ€μ˜ μ‹€μž¬λ‘ μ„ 받아듀인 μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 인식이 μΈκ°„μ˜ 지성적 탐ꡬ, 즉 감각과 μΆ”λ‘ μ˜ μƒμ‘μž‘μš©μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒμ΄ν•œ κ²¬ν•΄λ‘œ μ—°κ²°λœλ‹€. 즉, μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€λŠ” ꡐ사가 타인을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μ—†λ‹€κ³  λ³΄λŠ”λ° λΉ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” 타인을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄λŠ” 것이닀. μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ ν•™μƒμ˜ 지식 νšλ“μ€ 인간 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ— μ˜ν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ›μ²œμ μœΌλ‘œ '신적 μ‘°λͺ…'에 μ˜κ±°ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. 반면 μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•˜λ©΄, κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” 'κ·Όμ ‘ μ›μΈμž'λ‘œμ„œ, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 자율적 μ΄μ„±μ˜ 빛인 λŠ₯동지성을 μΌκΉ¨μ›€μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ₯Ό μ–Όλ§ˆλ“ μ§€ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μžˆλ‹€. λŒ€μ²΄λ‘œ 보아, μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€κ°€ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할을 μ†Œκ·Ήμ μœΌλ‘œ κ·œμ •μ§“λŠ” 데에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ, μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할을 적극적으둜 μ·¨κΈ‰ν•œλ‹€. μ•„μš°κ΅¬μŠ€ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€μ™€ μ•„ν€΄λ‚˜μŠ€μ˜ 이와 같은 μƒμ΄ν•œ κ΄€μ μ˜ μ›μ²œμ—λŠ” μ–‘μžμ˜ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 인간관, μ–Έμ–΄κ΄€, 그리고 μ§€μ‹νšλ“κ΄€μ΄ 담겨 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έκ³ μ—μ„œλŠ” 두 μƒμ΄ν•œ κ΄€μ μ˜ 인식둠적 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό 비ꡐ, λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 'κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 일'의 κ΅μœ‘μ² ν•™μ  의미λ₯Ό λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κ³  ν˜„λŒ€ ꡐ사상에 μ£ΌλŠ” μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ 밝히고자 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. St. Augustinus and St. Thomas Aquinas as two representative theologians in the medieval times, agreed on the point that they based on the christian view of the world. However, they are sharply contrasted with different views of the truth cognition. Augustinus accepted Platon's view of the truth, and integrated it with his theological viewpoint. According to Augustinus, genuine knowing of the truth can be possible only through 'divine illumination'. In contrast, Aquinas accepted Aristoteles's view of the truth, and then he integrated the theory of God's determination with human's free will. Aquinas relied upon human's capacity for intellectual learning. Therefore, truth cognition can be possible not only through divine illumination, but also through action of 'intellectus agens'. These two different viewpoints relate to their different views of the images of teacher. Augustinus insisted that human teacher can not be a genuine teacher because only God can teach another person. But according to Aquinas, human teacher certainly can teach another person in that he can also be an 'agens extrinsecum proximum', having direct influence on student's learning. On the whole, it can be said that while Augustinus regards a role of human teacher as a negative thing, Aquinas emphasizes a positive role of human teacher. The source of the two's different views mainly comes from their epistemological views. In this context, this study is to compare Augustinus's and Aquinas's different epistemological views, centering around three aspects of human being, language, and knowledge acquisition, and to illuminate its implications to the modern image of teacher and the nature of teaching
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