32 research outputs found

    ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ์ „์ง€์šฉ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ˜น์€ ์ฃผ์„๊ณ„ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ๋ฐ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœ์„ 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 8. ๊น€์žฌ์ •.์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ์ „์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์Œ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‘์—ฐ(372 mAh/g)์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ๊ทน ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด๋ก  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ด๋ก  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์Œ๊ทน ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ํฐ ๋งŒํผ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ๋„ ์‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์™„์ถฉ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „๊ทน์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๋‹ค๊ณต์„ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋„์ „์žฌ์™€ ๋ฐ”์ธ๋”๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ๋†’์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์‘์ง‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ž…์ž์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„ ์ ‘์ด‰ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ปค์ ธ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ „๋„๋„์— ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด ์ „์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ค‘ ํฐ ์ด๋ก  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜(4200 mAh/g)๊ณผ ์ฃผ์„(994 mAh/g)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๊ณต์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์ „์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ณต์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ์–‘๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์ฆ์ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ‡ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ ๋ชจ์–‘ ํŒจํ„ด๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘ ํŒจํ„ด์€ ์ „๊ทน ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 10%์™€ 40% ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์ „์ง€์˜ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „ ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‘๋ ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 50๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 500 mAh/g์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐํŒ ๋ชจ์–‘์€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋ ฅ ์™„ํ™”์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์˜ค๋ชฉํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํŒจํ„ด ์ „๊ทน์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 20๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ณต๋ฅ ์„ ์•ฝ 65%๊นŒ์ง€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋†’์€ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „ ์†๋„์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒจํ„ด ์ „๊ทน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ง€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋Œ€์‹  ์Œ๊ทน ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ ์ฃผ์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „๊ธฐ ๋„๊ธˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์„/๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ์ „์ง€์—์„œ ์Œ๊ทน ํ™œ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์ „์žฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ธ๋”์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์—†์ด ์ฃผ์„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์„/๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ์ „๊ทน์€ 70๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ฝ 89%์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ง€์œจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์†๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ 16 C-rate์—์„œ 56%์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ง€์œจ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ดํด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํ‡ดํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 200๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 68%์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ง€์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ์•ฝ 100๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ‡ดํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ทน ์ œ์ž‘ ์‹œ ์••์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด๋“ค์ด ์••์ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ˆŒ๋ ค์ ธ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ž์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ธฐํŒ ์œ„์— ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ๋ฉด์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋˜ ํ”ผ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋“œ ๋ชจ์–‘ ํŒจํ„ด ๊ธฐํŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ์™€์ด์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „์ง€์˜ ์ถฉโˆ™๋ฐฉ์ „์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 200๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์œ ์ง€์œจ 92%๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  100๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ถ€๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ „๊ทน ํ‡ดํ™”๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ ์Œ๊ทน ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰, ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์†๋„ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ „๊ทน์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.As demand for environmental-friendly energy and high energy density has increased, research on Li-ion batteries has been actively carried out. Graphite (372 mAh/g), which is widely used, has a relatively low capacity as an anode, thus it is highly possible to increase the capacity of anode. For this purpose, studies on alloying materials with high capacity have been conducted, but the main issue was deterioration of the electrode due to the severe volume change. So, various attempts have been made to reduce this deterioration phenomenon by manufacturing nano-sized particles, rods, tubes and relaxing the stress induced by volume change to create space between the active materials. However, these approach had also required the addition of large amounts of conducting agent and binder to maintain the contact between the active materials, thereby lowering the energy density. In addition, the self-aggregation occurred due to the high surface energy which leaded to increase the size of the particles and as the number of contacts between the active materials increased, the contact resistance became large, which was a disadvantage for conductivity. In this study, to overcome these problems, the electrode was fabricated using Si (4200 mAh/g) and Sn (994 mAh/g) which showed large capacity among alloying materials, and structural refinement was carried out to enhance the characteristics. Microelectromechanical system process, which is mainly used in semiconductor processing, was applied to make micro-sized sawtooth and pyramid-like patterns on the Si wafer substrate. The substrates with sawtooth and pyramid-like patterns showed the increased surface area by 10% and 40%, respectively. On the substrate, Si active material was deposited in the form of a film by physical vapor deposition method. Stress induced during cycling was relieved in the space of the pattern and the capacity retention increased by 500 mAh/g at 50th cycle. Furthermore, since the substrate shape was maintained during charging and discharging, the pattern effect could continuously alleviate the stress. Particularly, in the concave region of the pattern, the deterioration of active material was diminished, so that the coverage of the Si active material at 20th cycle reached 65% with the pyramid-patterned electrode and enhanced rate capability was obtained. In addition, the nano-scale refinement with nanowire structure was attempted to improve cycle performance. In the case of nano-structure, instead of Si, which is difficult to handle structurally, Sn alloying material was used. CuO nanowires were prepared by anodization of Cu and Sn/CuO nanowire structure was fabricated by electrodeposition. Not only Sn but also CuO which can be used as an active material in anode was also synthesized. CuO nanowires can increase the energy density of battery to eliminate conducting agent and binder. Moreover, one dimensional structure enhanced the electrical conductivity. Compared with Sn film electrodes, Sn/CuO nanowires electrode showed improved capacity retention, 89% up to 70th cycle. The rate capability of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode also showed about 56% at 16 C- rate. However, deterioration of nanowire-structured electrode was observed in the long-term cycle. Up to 200th cycle, the specific capacity was maintained about 68%, and in particular, abrupt capacity fading was observed at 100th cycle. In the electrode manufacturing process, the nanowires were squeezed and pressed during the pressing process, and the structure of the nanowires was broken down during cycling. In order to improve this problem, the nanowires were fabricated on the patterned substrate previously made. As a result, the capacity retention was maintained at 92% up to 200th cycle and there was no rapid deterioration of the electrode. Through combination of micro-scale and nano-scale structure refinement for alloying material as anode in Li-ion batteries, it was possible to successfully improve the cell performance.CHAPTER I. Introduction 1 1.1.Energy trend 1 1.2.History of battery 5 1.3.Li-ion battery 11 1.3.1.Cathode 11 1.3.2.Anode 12 1.3.3.Separator 15 1.3.4.Electrolyte 16 1.4.Microelectromechanical systems process 23 1.5.Electrochemical process 28 1.6.Purpose of this study 31 CHAPTER II. Experimental 32 2.1.Preparation for Si patterned electrode 32 2.1.1.Preparation of patterned substrate 32 2.1.2.Preparation of Si electrode 33 2.1.3.Electrochemical measurement and characterization 35 2.2.Synthesis of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on Cu foil 39 2.2.1.Preparation of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode 39 2.2.2.Characterization and electrochemical measurement 40 2.3.Synthesis of Sn/CuO nanowires on pyramid-patterned substrate 45 2.3.1.Preparation of pyramid-patterned substrate 45 2.3.2.Sn/CuO nanowires formation on pyramid-patterned substrate 46 2.3.3.Electrochemical measurement and characterization 47 CHAPTER III. Results and Discussion 51 3.1.Sawtooth- and pyramidal-shape patterned Si anode 51 3.1.1.Patterning on Si wafer substrate 51 3.1.2.Electrochemical behavior of patterned electrodes 58 3.2.Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on Cu foil 70 3.2.1.Preparation of Sn/CuO nanowires on Cu foil 70 3.2.2.Characterization and electrochemical behavior of Sn/CuO nanowires on Cu foil 80 3.3.Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on patterned substrate 113 3.3.1.Long-term cycling stability of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on Cu foil 113 3.3.2.Preparation of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on pyramid-patterned substrate 118 3.3.3.Electrochemical behavior of Sn/CuO nanowires electrode on pyramid-patterned substrate 125 CHAPTER IV. Conclusions 130 REFERENCES 133 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 143 Appendix 147Docto

    Series-connected Output Universal Link Bidirectional AC-AC Power Converter with High-Frequency Transformer for Grid Interface

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2013. 2. ์„ค์Šน๊ธฐ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• 3์ƒ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์ „์› ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ฐ„์˜์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ˜น์€ ์ „๋™๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋™์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธก๊ณผ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธก ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋™ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ ๋‹ค. ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธก์— ์ž‘์€ LC ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธก ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ์—๋„ ํฐ ์ „ํ•ด ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์ „์•• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์‹  ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๋™์ผ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ 12๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋‹จ์„ ์Œ“์•„ ์ง๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋†’์€ ์ „์••์˜ ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ˜น์€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋‹จ์˜ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ 12๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋™์ž‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ, ์ •ํ˜„ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „์› ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์›์˜ ์ „์••์—์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋™๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์ •๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์†์‹ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ •ํ˜„ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋‹ค๊ถŒ์„  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋“€์–ผ ์•กํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๋Š” CHB ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ ์…€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์••์›์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธก ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์••์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์••์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ†ตํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋™์ž‘ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ ์ƒ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธก ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ 12 kW ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ 3์ƒ ์ „์›์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์šด์ „ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋•Œ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ƒ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •ํ˜„ํŒŒ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ดˆ๋ก i ๋ชฉ์ฐจ iii ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  3 1.3 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ 6 2.1 ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ 6 2.1.1 NPC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 6 2.1.2 CHB ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 8 2.2 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ 12 2.2.1 ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ(solid state transformer) ๊ฐœ๋… 12 2.2.2 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ 23 3.1 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 26 3.2 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์„ค๋ช… 29 3.2.1 ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ 29 3.2.2 ์ •ํ˜„ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ 55 3.2.3 ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ 83 3.3 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์„ 96 3.3.1 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๋‹ค๊ถŒ์„  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง(modeling) 97 3.3.2 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 103 3.4 ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธก ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 151 3.4.1 ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ œ์–ด(decoupling control) 151 3.4.2 ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธก ์ง๋ฅ˜๋‹จ ์ „์•• ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ 156 3.5 ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 159 3.5.1 ์ •ํ˜„ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋ถ„์„ 160 3.5.2 ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์Šค์œ„์นญ ๋ถ„์„ 182 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 185 4.1 ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 185 4.2 ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์™€ ์ •ํ˜„ ๋ณ€์กฐ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ 192 4.3 ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ์˜ ์šด์ „ ํŠน์„ฑ 199 4.4 ์˜์ „์•• ์Šค์œ„์นญ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 206 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋กœ์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต 217 5.1 ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์†์‹ค ๋ถ„์„ 217 5.1.1 ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์†์‹ค 217 5.1.2 ์ €์ฃผํŒŒ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ •๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์†์‹ค 220 5.1.3 ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์†์‹ค 221 5.1.3 ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํ’€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์†์‹ค 231 5.2 ๋ฐ˜๋„์ฒด ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ํšจ์œจ ๋ถ„์„ 236 5.3 ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ์ž์™€ ์ˆ˜๋™ ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต 242 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 245 6.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 245 6.2 ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ 248 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 252 ABSTRACT 262Docto

    Parallel simulated annealing for travelling salesman problem on SIMD Machine

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    Maste

    ์ด์–ธ์ „๊ณผ ใ€Ž์šฐ์ƒ์ „ใ€

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    An official interpreter from the jung in (ไธญไบบ, middle people, a middle class consisting of educated professionals and technical experts), poet Yi Eon-jin (1740~1766; penname: Usang) participated in a Korean goodwill mission to Japan, or Tongsinsa (้€šไฟกไฝฟ, envoys for the conveyance of trust), dispatched by the Joseon (1392~1910) court in 1763~1764. During his sojourn in Japan, he supposedly received great praise from Japanese writers by composing a large number of outstanding classical Chinese poems. Thanks to this, Yis fame increased in Korea as well following his return. However, he died at a young age due to illness. Usang-jeon (ใ€Ž่™ž่ฃณๅ‚ณใ€, Biography of Usang) is a biography of Yi authored by Park Ji-won(ๆœด่ถพๆบ, 1737~1805; penname: Yeonam). Although this text often has been cited as relevant material in the study of Yis literary works, it has rarely been analyzed in depth as a piece of outstanding artistic prose. The present study closely links and examines Yis classical Chinese poetry and Parks Usang-jeon. From the resultant findings, records that Yi won literary fame in Japan are counterfactual and exaggerated. Furthermore, an examination of Hodong Geosil (ใ€Ž??ๅฑ…ๅฎค)ใ€, My House in the Alley), his representative work, reveals that the writer wandered considerably in terms of ideology, being deeply influenced by not only Confucianism and Buddhism but also Roman Catholicism. In addition, Parks Usang-jeon is an outstanding work as a biography of an artist, contributing significantly to the later idolization of Yi as a genius poet

    1861๋…„ ์—ดํ•˜๋ฌธ์•ˆ์‚ฌํ–‰๊ณผ ๋ฐ•๊ทœ์ˆ˜

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    A Study on Yconsbmjip Housed in Toyo Bunko, Japan

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    Yeonahmjib(็‡•ๅท–้›†) is a collection of writings by Yeonahm Park Ji-rwon (1737-1805), a renowned author of the late Joseon period. Yeonshmjib was posthumously compiled and edited by Park's son, Park Jongvchae, and different versions of manuscripts are available in and out of Korea. Among these, the Yeonahmjib housed in Japan's Toyo Bunko(ๆฑๆด‹ๆ–‡ๅบซ, hereinafter referred to as "the Toyo Bunko manuscript") has been held in high regard as the closest manuscript to the original among existing manuscripts. Some researchers even claimed that Yeolhailgi(็†ฑๆฒณๆ—ฅ่จ˜) included in the Toyo Bunko manuscript was actually the original Yeolheilei. However, I do not fully agree with such views. In other words, while I acknowledge the fact that the Toyo Bunko manuscript is an excellent text that is close to the original, I do not see it as the original of either Yeonshmjip or Yeolhailgi I attempted to demonstrate this point by conducting a full-fledged study on the Toyo Bunko manuscript. My study found that the Toyo Bunko manuscript is actually another manuscript whose content was significantly modified from the original version of Yeonahmjip compiled by Park Jong-chae, with intervention by some other individuals afterwards, possibly Park Gyu-su, Park Jongr chae's son. Comparison of the Toyo Bunko manuscript with the Yeonshmjip owned by Yeongnam University revealed that the latter is a manuscript that modified and supplemented the former. Therefore, my conclusion is that the Toyo Bunko manuscript is neither the final manuscript nor the original

    Park Ji-wons Excursion to Mt. Kumgang and Literary Creation

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    Starting in the latter half of the 17th century, Korea under the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) was swept by a fashion for excursions to Mt. Kumgang, known as the Diamond Mountain. Countless sightseers set out for the mountain, thus leading to a flood of verse and prose travelogues. In 1765, Park Ji-won (1737-1805; pen name: Yeonam) likewise traveled to Mt. Kumgang together with his friends, Sin Gwang-on(็”ณๅ…‰่˜Š, 1735-1785) and Yu Eon-ho(ๅ…ชๅฝฆ้Žฌ, 1730-1796), and Yu Eon-seon(ๅ…ชๅฝฆไฅง, 1722- 1776) the last companions elder brother. Seeing the Sunrise at Chongseok Pavilion (Chongseokjeong Gwanilchul, ๅข็Ÿณไบญ่ง€ๆ—ฅๅ‡บ), a poem in classical Chinese, and The Tale of Kim the Daoist Immortal (Kim Sinseonjeon, ้‡‘็ฅžไป™ๅ‚ณ) are his representative works addressing the experience. Moreover, even in various prose works and Jehol Diary (Yeolha Ilgi, ็†ฑๆฒณๆ—ฅ่จ˜), Park repeatedly reminisced on his excursion to Mt. Kumgang. Although it was thus an important literary event, the trip to Mt. Kumgang has been little studied in existing research on Park. After widely excavating related materials and concretely reconstructing the process of Parks excursion at the time, with this as the background, the present study sought to examine in depth Seeing the Sunrise at Chongseok Pavilion and The Tale of Kim the Daoist Immortal, two masterpieces yielded by the tour of Mt. Kumgang. Such an attempt will help to study the innumerable verse and prose travelogues that were composed as a result of the fashion for excursions to Mt. Kumgang during the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty

    Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier Algebras and R-matrices

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํ•€ ์–‘์ž๊ตฐ U'_q(g)์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์ฐจ์› ํ‘œํ˜„ V์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ, V_aff^{\otimes{\ell}}์„ ๊ตญ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์œ„์— Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ R_\Gamma(\ell)์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด, ์œ ํ•œ์ฐจ์› R_\Gamma(\ell)-๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์—์„œ U'_q(g)-๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” functor๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” V๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ•€ ์–‘์ž๊ตฐ U'_q(\hat{sl_n})์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘๊ฐ’์ด pi_1์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ผ ๋•Œ, ์ด functor๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์•ฝ R_\Gamma(\ell)-๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ๊ธฐ์•ฝ U'_q(\hat{sl_n})-๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” 0์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.For a finite dimensional representation V over a quantum affine algebra U'_q(g), we define an action of a Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebra R_\Gamma(\ell) on a localization of V_aff^{\otimes{\ell}}. Using this action, we define a functor from the category of finite dimensional R_\Gamma(\ell)-modules to the category of finite dimensional U'_q(g)-modules. When V is the fundamental representation of U'_q(\hat{sl_n}) of weight pi_1, we show that the functor sends an irreducible R_\Gamma(\ell)-module to an irreducible U'_q(\hat{sl_n})-module or to 0.Docto
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