Difference in medical care utilization and medical cost according to the numbers of physical examination. : K그룹의 피보험자를

보건정책 및 관리학과/석사ope

Loading of vitamin A in rabbits infected by Clonorchis sinensis

의학과/박사Clonorchis sinensis principally lives in the bile bucts absorbing nutritional substances and leading to chronic peribiliary inflammation due to mechanical irritation. During infection of Clonorchis sinensis, nightblindness frequently appears due to deficiency of vitamin A (vit. A). Levine (1958) observed one case of nightblindness in the experimental infection of Amphimerus pseudofelineus of cat. However, Bercovitz(1931) reported previously the symptom could disappear on inducing the excretion of bile from the duct. Lewis(1942) observed that the serum vit. A decreased when residual vit. A in the liver tissue was exhausted. Kim (1964), recently, reported that vit. A loading in infected animal caused the temporary raising of serum value. The object of the present study is to confirm the fate of vit. A which was absorbed from the intestinal wall of the rabbit infected with Clonorchis sinensis and to clarify the mechanism of the vit. A deficiency. Materials and Methods Animals: White rabbits(1.6∼2.0kg) were used as experimental animals and were fed similarly. Metacercariae: Metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis were collected by digestion method from fresh water fish caught from an endemic area (Iri Chollabuk-Do). About 1,500 of the larvae were given orally, and 6 weeks after the infection egg-out-put was confirmed by stool examination. Vitamin A: Water soluble(U.S. vitamin corportion). For loading 15,000㎍ of vit. A was given orally and 3,000 ㎍ intravenously. In order to calculate the vit. A, Georgy modification of Dann & Evelyn method was applied for serum vit. A, and Oser, Melnick Pader's method for tissue vit. A. 3∼4 gm of liver tissue weighed and sliced into small pieces and followed by the regular procedure. A number of Clonorchis sinensis from the bile duct were washed with saline several times and followed the same procedure. Vit. A in bile juice and urine was measured by the same method, except replacing the 0.5 N alcoholic potassium hydroxide into 95% ethyl alcohol in order to coagulate the protein substances. Blood was taken from the heart at hunger condition at intervals of two hours in the first part and three hours in the second part(13 hours after the vit. A was given). the separated serum was kept at freezing temperature. Results The average serum vit. A in healthy rabbits was 71.1㎍% and infected group was 30.8 ㎍% 7 weeks after the infection. When vit. A was given to non-infected group (15,000㎍), the serum value increased to high level(198.1, 264.6, 222.4 ㎍%) from 7 to 16 hours. the decrease started after 19 hours and recovered to original lvel after 25 hours. In the infected group, though there were individual differences, the value of vit. A in the serum increased to high level (296.8, 351.3, 320.7 ㎍%) from 7 to 16 hours after the administration of vit. A and showed acute decrease at 19 hours to 160.6㎍%, but still held high titre, 85.9 ㎍% even 25 hours after the loading. In general, there was no difference of the ability of vit. A absorption between the infected and non-infected group, but the value of vit. A in the serum after the loading was much higher in the infected group than in non-infected. The amount of vit. A in liver parenchyma was also calculated before and after vit. A was given. In the infected rabbits, the weight of the liver parenchyma increased to about 1.6 times as in the normal rabbit due to dilatation, rupture of the capillary bile ducts, necrosis of liver parenchyma and degeneration of the cells. However the amount of vit. A in the liver parenchyma was 61.84 ㎍/gm in the normal group and only 13.82㎍/gm in infected group. 7 hours after vit. A was given in the normal group the amount increased to about 1.7 times (104.53㎍/gm), but in infected group there were no differences comparing the value before the loading, 16.56 ㎍/gm after 3 hours, 12.81 ㎍/gm after 7 hours. In order to clarify the reason of the low value of vit. A in the liver parenchyma of infected group, whether it was due to the loss of vit. A by means of bile juice or consumption by the liver fluke itself, the bile juice and parasites were examined. Bile juice was taken from common duct hourly(normal rabbit 13 ml, moderatry infected rabbit 9 ml, heavily infected rabbit 3 ml), but no vit. A was detected even from the vit. A loaded group and the vit. A could not be found from the parasite itself collected from biliary ducts numbering 600 and 1,800. Since the storing ability of liver parenchyma in the infected group was lower than in the normal group, the process of the rapid decrease along with time elapes was one of the subjects to be clarified. The amount of vit. A in kidney tissue, urine, and feces were measured comparing the normal group. Since it took much time to get sufficient amount of stool from the rabbit, the animals were sacrificed after a certain given time, and stool was taken from the lower colon. In the kidney a slight amount of vit. A was detected, bud there was no difference between the normal and infected group. 36 hours after the vit. A loading, the amount of vit. A in urine of normal rabbits were 22.7 ㎍ in average, whereas it was 82.7 ㎍ in the infected group. The data shows that loss of vit. A from urine in the infected group is about 4 times that of the normal group. The amount of vit. A in feces showed no difference between the two groups. It is presumed a considerable amount of vit. A is excreted without absorption from the small intestine. Conclusion In conclusion, it is considered that the reason of vit. A deficiency in the infection of Clonorchis sinensis is due to the decrease of storing ability of the liver and rapid excretion from kidney, and not by the absorbability of vit. A form the intestinal wall.restrictio

저온 화학증착으로 제조한 TiN의 접착력에 관한 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :금속공학과,1997.Maste

옥수수의 가공처리가 젖소의 영양소 이용성에 미치는 영향

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :동물자원과학과 동물자원과학전공,1996.Maste

The complete weight enumerator of Type II code over Z₂m and Jacobi forms

Maste

2차원 및 3차원의 주기적인 구조 제작을 위한 2차원 이진 위상 마스크의 설계와 분석

학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 대학원 :분자과학기술학과,2001Maste

유방상피 조직의 발달 및 유방암 형성에서의 Rankl-Id2의 기능 연구

DoctorThe mammary gland is a complex organ that proliferates and differentiates during puberty, pregnancy, and lactation under the influence of various hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin. Receptor activator of NF-B ligand (Rankl) is a key factor for osteoclast differentiation/activation, dendritic cell survival, and lymphoid organogenesis. In addition to the regulation of bone remodeling and immune functions, we have previously shown that Rankl plays a critical role in mammary gland development during pregnancy. Mice lacking Rankl or its receptor, Rank, show impaired lobulo-alveolar development during pregnancy. Recent studies have reported that the pregnancy hormones, progesterone and prolactin, induce the expression of Rankl, suggesting that these lactogenic hormones regulate mammary gland development via the Rankl-Rank signaling pathway. However, how Rankl-Rank signaling regulates various aspects of proliferation, survival, and differentiation of MECs in lactating mammary gland development needs to be elucidated. Previously, similar mammary gland defects from Rankl-deficient mice have been reported in mice lacking Id2. However, the downstream signaling pathway by which Rank signaling leads to mammary gland development is controversial. In this study, I showed that Rankl triggers marked nuclear localization of Id2 in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and the defective nuclear translocation of Id2, but the normal expression of Cyclin D1, in the mammary epithelial cells of Rankl-/- mice. Moreover, I verified that Rankl stimulation induced phosphorylation of Id2 at serine 5, which led to nuclear retention of Id2. In the lactating Id2TgRankl-/- mice, Id2 was not phosphorylated and was localized in the cytoplasm. In addition, in lactating Id2S5ATg mice, Id2S5A (serine 5 to alanine) was exclusively localized in the cytoplasm of MECs, while endogenous Id2 was localized in the nucleus. Intriguingly, nuclear expression of Id2S5A not only rescued increased apoptosis and defective differentiation of MECs in Rankl-/- mice, but also induced lactogenic differentiation of MECs in virgin wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that nuclear retention of Id2 due to Rank signaling plays a decisive role in survival and differentiation of MECs during mammary gland development

Design of SCMA Encoders to Achieve Low Bit Error Rate

본 논문은 SCMA (sparse code multiple access) 시스템에서 낮은 비트 에러율을 달성 가능한 부호화 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 부호화 기법은 입력 데이터에 의존하는 순열연산을 모든 레이어에 대하여 상호 최적화한다. 각 레이어는 입력 비트에 대응되는 모신호성좌 상의 전송 심볼/벡터를 0이 아닌 위치에 할당 후 순열연산을 통하여 부호어를 생성한다. 순열연산을 시스템의 비트 에러율을 최소화하는 관점에서 상호 최적화하기 때문에 제안된 부호화 기법은 높은 부호화 복잡도를 요구하지만 시스템의 비트 에러율을 개선할 수 있음을 전산실험을 통하여 확인하였다

Adaptive Normalized UMP-BP Decoding Algorithm for Irregular Low-Density Parity Check Codes

본 논문에서는 irregular LDPC 부호에 대해서 적응 정규화 계수(Adaptive normalized factor)를 이용한 UMP-BP 복호 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 알고리즘은 regular LDPC 부호에서 사용되는 modified UMP-BP 알고리즘[9]을 irregular LDPC 부호로 확장 적용한 것이다. 제안된 알고리즘의 복잡도는 BP 알고리즘보다 적으며 AWGN 채널의 high SNR 에서는 BP 알고리즘과 거의 같은 성능을 나타낸다