해외직구 마약류 밀수에 대한 효율적 대응방안 연구

A study on the effective policy smuggling drugs by overseas direct purchases Kim, Kyu-Tae Department of International Customs Graduate School of Korea Maritime and Ocean University Advised by Professor Gwon, Mun-Gyu ABSTRACT Recently, expanding the reasonable consumption, overseas direct purchase are emerging as one of the most preferred purchase method. Overseas direct purchases means consumers purchase products at foreign online shopping malls on internet and have them delivered to their domestic addresses. These overseas direct purchases have been used since past and even more recent overseas direct purchases have been rapidly increasing because foreign purchasing agencies or delivery agencies for domestic customers have been sprung up, social media has been spreading, smart consumers and and the activation plan by government for overseas direct purchases have been increasing. On the other hand, the smuggling by the overseas direct purchases have been increasing as much as the overseas direct purchases are increasing. Reckless smuggling is a dangerous criminal conduct to be able to shake the foundation of national economy and destroy law and order in public. Smugglers are abusing the overseas direct purchases in order to avoid paying tax. Especially, in the case of express cargo, it is difficult to identify that it is the official declaration or not when the smugglers make a false declaration. Because the goods can't be opened in real. So illegal overseas direct purchases have been abusing too. Through this study, the methods or types of the overseas direct purchases are researched in the view of blocking drug supply among smuggling. This study suggests the alternatives to confront smugglers on the main foreign drug supplies to drugs in Korea. This study was established in two aspects. The first is narcotics smuggling crackdown enhancements through the overseas direct purchases. The second is drug prevention and criminal follow-up provision. That information will be dealt with in more detail in the body. Narcotics smuggling through the overseas direct purchases. was settled down to a new form of drug offenses. The overseas direct purchases itself simplify customs clearance at the government level and the supporting policies, such as expanding the range of duty-free. And because anyone can easily conduct criminal, Narcotics smuggling crime through the overseas direct purchases is also expected to increase from day to day. However, because the drugs smuggled through its the overseas direct purchases made only through a simple Internet search, Diffusion rate and drug addiction problems with the crime has the potential to bring enormous danger to the whole country in the future. Because control policies on drugs is practically maintenance as well as domestic institutional sector to be supported by cooperation and exchanges between countries, This paper will be of academic value as a guide for potential offenders effective prevention and blocking.목 차 ABSTRACT 제 1 장 서 론 제1절 연구배경 및 목적 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 제 2 장 이론적 배경 제1절 해외직구 현황 제2절 마약류 밀수입에 대한 선행연구 제3절 해외직구 관련 특별통관제도 제4절 마약류 밀수입 제5절 국내 마약밀수입 형태 변천사 제 3 장 해외직구를 통한 밀수입 사례 제1절 해외직구를 통한 마약류 밀수입 제2절 국제우편 통한 밀수입 단속 사례 제3절 우리나라의 해외직구 마약류 밀수입 단속시스템 제4절 해외직구 마약류 밀수입 범죄의 개선과제 제 4 장 해외직구 마약류 밀수입 대응방안 제1절 해외직구를 통한 마약류 밀수입 단속기능 강화 제2절 마약류 범죄자 후속 조치 제 5 장 결론 제1절 연구결과의 요약 제2절 연구의 한계점과 향후 과

A Study of The Road to Shu by Sim Sajeong (1707-1769)

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 인문대학 고고미술사학과(미술사학전공), 2023. 2. 장진성.This study is an attempt to newly examine Sim Sajeongs (1707-1769) intent of The Road to Shu by focusing on the image of Chengdu in Sichuan Province, China. The Road to Shu by Sim is a landscape painting depicting the mountains and rivers of Sichuan. This landscape painting is generally thought to have illustrated the famous poem The Hard Road to Shu by Li Bai (Li Bo, 701-762). However, Sim Sajeong inserted an image in The Road to Shu that is not found in The Hard Road to Shu This image is Chengdu, the capital city of the Sichuan Province. The image of Chengdu is inserted at the end of The Road to Shu. Therefore the purpose of this study is to interpret the theme of The Road to Shu by focusing on the image of Chengdu created in this painting. Chengdu is the place where the poetic concept of the bulyeogwi (Ch. burugui) was formulated. The bulyeogwi means that coming back is better (than leaving). And the bulyeogwi implies sadness caused by the situation of leaving Chengdu and ultimately the will to return to the city. In addition, the bulyeogwi is very closely connected to the painter's life. The structure of the bulyeogwi is the same as that of The Road to Shu by Sim Sajeong. That is, Sim's The Road to Shu is composed to move from The Hard Road to Shu to Chengdu. This construction provides the possibility that The Road to Shu can be interpreted as visual representation of the bulyeogwi in connection with the life of the painter. In other words, The hard road to Shu, a journey to Sichuan Province, is the background of the bulyeogwi that symbolizes the political misfortune experienced by Sim Sajeong. In addition, Chengdu, the final destination of the journey, connotes Sims willingness to restore the prestigious status of his family that was lost in a political strife. Therefore, Sim Sajeong's The Road to Shu is considered to be an autobiographical landscape painting that shows his own feelings about his unfortunate life. Furthermore, The Road to Shu was produced at the request of Sim Yujin (1723-1787), a member of the extended Sim family. Sim Yujin asked Sim Sajeong to create a specific painting called landscape of Shu. This request suggests that Sim Yujin understood the implications of the landscape painting of Shu by Sim Sajeong. Like Sim Sajeong, Sim Yujin was socially marginalized and politically unsuccessful. But unlike Sim Sajeong, he was a person who had the potential to achieve the bulyeogwi. Therefore, it is assumed that the The Road to Shu reflecting Sim Sajeong's own thoughts was painted to entrust his wishes to Sim Yujin of the same family.본 논문은 성도(成都)의 이미지에 착안하여 〈촉잔도(蜀棧圖)〉에 담긴 함의와 제작 의의를 새롭게 고찰해보려는 시도이다. 심사정(沈師正, 1707-1769)의 〈촉잔도〉는 실재하는 사천(四川) 지역을 대상으로 한 산수화(이하 촉 산수화로 지칭)이다. 아울러 촉 산수화의 화제는 지역적 특징과 밀접하게 연관된 촉도난(蜀道難)이다. 그러나 심사정은 〈촉잔도〉에 촉도난과 상이한 분위기를 지닌 도상(圖像)을 삽입하였다. 이 도상은 〈촉잔도〉의 마지막 부분에 보이는 사천지역의 도성(都城)인 성도(成都)이다. 이에 필자는 심사정의 〈촉잔도〉에 묘사된 성도의 도상에 초점을 맞추어 새로운 해석을 제시하고자 하였다. 성도는 불여귀(不如歸)의 시상(詩想)이 태동한 장소이다. 불여귀에는 성도를 떠나게 된 상황에 기인한 슬픔과 귀환의 의지가 함축되어 있다. 아울러 불여귀는 저자의 삶과 매우 밀접하게 연결되어 있다. 심사정의 〈촉잔도〉는 불여귀의 구조가 내재되어 있다. 즉 심사정의 〈촉잔도〉는 촉도난에서 성도로 나아가도록 구성되어 있다. 이러한 양상은 〈촉잔도〉를 화가인 심사정의 삶과 결부지어 불여귀로 해석될 여지를 제공한다. 즉 성도로 향하는 여정인 촉도난은 불여귀의 시단(始端)으로 심사정이 경험한 정치적 불운이 내포되어 있다. 또한 여정의 종착지인 성도는 불여귀, 즉 과거의 영예로웠던 가문의 지위를 회복하고자 하는 의지가 함축되어 있다. 따라서 심사정의 〈촉잔도〉는 현실에 대한 자신의 심회와 염원이 함축된 자전적(自傳的) 산수화로 여겨진다. 더 나아가 〈촉잔도〉는 같은 집안사람인 심유진(沈有鎭, 1723-1787)의 주문으로 제작되어 그에게 전달되었다. 만년의 심사정은 자신이 처한 현실과 그 한계를 인지하고 있었다. 이 시점에서 심유진은 심사정에게 촉 산천이라는 구체적인 그림을 주문하였다. 이러한 주문은 심유진이 촉 산수화에 담긴 함의를 이해하였음을 암시한다. 더욱이 심유진은 심사정과 동일한 조상의 후손으로 정치적으로 유사한 처지에 놓인 인물이었다. 또한 그는 심사정과 달리 불여귀를 성취할 가능성을 지닌 인물이었다. 그 결과 심사정 자신의 소회가 투영된 〈촉잔도〉는 궁극적으로 자신의 염원을 같은 가문의 사람에게 일임(一任)하기 위해 그려진 것으로 추측된다.Ⅰ. 서론 1 Ⅱ. '촉(蜀)' 주제의 회화 전통과 그 변천 4 Ⅲ. 촉(蜀)의 성도(成都)와 '불여귀(不如歸)'의 의상(意想) 13 Ⅳ.촉(蜀)의 성도(成都)를 통해 드러낸 심사정의 심회(心懷)와 '불여귀(不如歸)'의 이양(移讓) 25 Ⅴ. 결론 36 참고문헌 38 도판목록 44 도판 47 Abstract 64석

Bubble dynamics in a horizontal channel

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 기계항공공학부, 2016. 2. 최해천.In the present study, bubble dynamics in a horizontal channel flow is investigated by conducting direct numerical simulations. The refined level set grid method is adopted for the interface tracking and the global mass correction method is used for a volume conservation. There are two different cases of bubble behaviors. To describe these phenomena, effects of bubble deformability and initial position are analyzed in various conditions. It is verified that the bubble behavior is determined by the shear lift force and the buoyancy force. The critical position of a deformable bubble is nearer to the wall than that of a less deformable case. In the less deformable case, a bubble moves like a rigid sphere, and it is possible to use a modeled equation for the rigid sphere to predict the bubble behavior. In the fully developed turbulent flow field, the critical position exists at the location which has a lower shear rate than that of the parabolic velocity profile condition.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Numerical Details 4 2.1 Governing equations 4 2.2 Interface tracking 5 2.3 Computational domain and boundary conditions 5 Chapter 3 Numerical Results 9 3.1 Bubble dynamics at different initial positions 9 3.2 Effect of the deformability 10 3.3 Effect of the turbulence 11 Chapter 4 Summary and Conclusion 24 Bibliography 25 요약 27Maste

Assessment of annoyance and its effective factors on human perception and response to aircraft noise

본 연구는 2003 ~ 2010년의 다양한 교통소음에 대한 소음성 불쾌감에 대한 연구의 일환으로 진행되던 인체위해성 연구에서, 항공기 소음에 대한 특수성을 연구 주제로 하였다. 설문조사는 75 지역에서 일대일 면접(face-to-face)방식으로 총 3216명을 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 소음도는 115지점에서 측정하였다. 소음성 불쾌감의 정도가 항공기소음, 철도소음, 도로교통소음 순으로, 특히 항공기소음을 주목하였다. 항공기 소음은 군용항공기와 민간항공기 소음으로 분류할 수 있는데, 이 둘을 비교한 결과, WECPNL 70 dB중심으로 소음성 불쾌감 반응이 서로 상반된 결과였다. 공항주변의 장기간 소음노출 자료에 의하면, 민간공항은 최대 소음도 WECPNL 86 dB, 군용 공항은 WECPNL 95 dB 이 노출되고 있다. WECPNL 70 dB 이상에서 군용항공기의 고소음이 절대적인 영향인자로 작용하여 군용 항공기의 소음에 의한 소음성 불쾌감을 높게 한 반면, WECPNL 70 dB 이하에서는 민간항공기 소음의 특성으로 인해 독특한 인체인지반응을 보이게 하였다. 청감실험결과, 민간항공기의 저주파 및 고주파 성분과 소음의 시간에 따른 변화를 피실험자들이 인지하여 이를 소음성 불쾌감으로 표시하였다. 즉 WECPNL 70 dB 이하에서는 민간항공기의 주파수 성분(sharpness), 변동성에 대한 인지(roughness)가 군용항공기에 비해 소음성 불쾌감에 영향을 크게 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 향후, 항공기소음의 영향평가에서는 기존의 소음도를 포함한 음향학적 인자와 음질평가인자를 추가적으로 고려하는 것이 항공기소음에 대한 인체위해성 측면을 적절하게 반영할 것이다.As a part of studies on community annoyance caused by long-term exposure of transportation noise from 2003 to 2010, the objective of this study is the specialty of aircraft noise. Social surveys of 3216 citizens were conducted through face-to-face for assessing the relationship between noise levels and annoyance response in 75 areas. Noise levels were measured by self- measurements using portable sound level meters and made the best use of airport noise monitoring system in 115 points. The descending order on %HA is the annoyance of aircraft, railway and road traffic noise. It is noticeable that the highest %HA is aircraft noise response. In the comparison of Exposure-response relationship, a considerable difference was found in annoyance responses between military aircraft and civil aircraft. Trend of he curves turned to be reversed around WECPNL 70 dB. The data of the long-term exposure in vicinity of the civilian and military airports show that the noise level regions for aircraft types are different. The maximum noise level for civilian and military airport are WECPNL 86 dB and more than 95 dB. Due to the peak noise level of each aircraft, the annoyance caused by military aircraft noise is higher than that by civil aircraft noise. The jury test of short-term annoyance shows that the sound characteristics of civilian aircraft lead to the higher annoyance rating than that of military aircraft in region of lower than WECPNL 70 dB. The differential response to the noise can be explained by noise level, the frequency component, the perception of sound variability. Those factors are Laeq, Lmax, sharpness, roughness. Henceforth, the additional consideration on acoustical and sound quality factors will reflect more properly the annoyance on the aircraft noise in the vicinity of major airports.Docto

PPV 유도체의 발광소자 기능 및 광센서 효과 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :물리학과,1996.Maste

Impact of intratumoral heterogeneity on drug responses: Unmasked by single-cell transcriptome analysis

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과학과 의과학전공, 2015. 8. 묵인희.Introduction: Understanding distinct genomic signatures of a patients cancer is required to design and predict accurate therapeutic responses. Current approaches regarding heterogeneous cancer cells en masse as a pooled population, however, hardly reflect complete genomic landscape of tumor diversity, missing potentially important minor subclones implications such as metastasis and drug resistance. Methods: To dissect intratumoral heterogeneity and discover unique patterns of subclonal behaviors against drug treatment responses in functional modalities and signaling pathways out of heterogeneous population derived from a cancer patient, tumor transcriptome was characterized at single-cell resolution by utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Results: First, in a lung adenocarcinoma PDX model*, individual cells showed mosaic expression of SNVs and differential gene expression. We could cluster the PDX cells into three distinct groups according to the presence of KRAS G12D mutation and transcriptome-based risk scores (RS). A single cell group with KRAS G12D/high RS was activated in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, and targeted by anti-cancer drugs such as docetaxel and BKM120. In comparison, a KRAS G12D/low RS group showed inactive RAS-MAPK signaling despite the expression of KRAS G12D. The drug-resistant population recapitulated gene expression signatures of the KRAS G12D/ low-RS group. Second, in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma PDX model, enriched subclonality was identified in a metastasis tumor with activated expression signatures of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis. Integrated analysis of transcriptome profiling and drug screening identified the most effective anti-cancer drugs. Furthermore, singularity of single cells with mutually exclusive activation of EGFR and SRC signaling pathways could suggest the potential of combination therapy, and its efficacy was validated in 2D and 3D in vitro and in vivo models. Conclusions: Patient-derived xenograft cells showed heterogeneous profiles in SNVs and gene expression, which could cluster them into subclones with differential responses to anti-cancer drugs. Taken together, our approach of single-cell RNA sequencing on tumors provides insights into the more accurate strategy to identify minor but potentially important subclones that are relevant to drug resistance.Introduction 14 1. Dissection of intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) 15 2-1. Lung adenocarcinoma 15 2-2. Renal cell carcinoma 16 3. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model 17 4. Single-cell transcriptome analysis 18 Materials and Methods 20 Results 36 Part-I. Identification of tumor cell subgroups associated with anti-cancer drug resistance in a lung adenocarcinoma patient 36 I-1. Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity of LUAD PDX cells 37 I-2. Single-cell heterogeneity of expressed single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) 39 I-3. Identification of PDX cell subgroups 41 I-4. Phenotypic interpretation of PDX cell subgroups 42 I-5. Validation of analytical procedures in an independent lung cancer PDX case 44 Part-II. Translation of single cell expression signatures into therapeutics for a metastatic renal cell carcinoma patient 76 II-1. Enrichment of subclonal cancer cells in paired lung metastasis 77 II-2. Prediction of effective drug selection from single cell transcriptome profiles 79 Discussion 95 References 100 Abstract in Korean 107Docto

흡기계 소음저감을 위한 능동소음제어의 적용에 관한 실험적 연구

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :기계항공공학부,2002.Maste

전자파 조사에 의한 성장인자 발현 유도에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 의과학과, 2012. 2. 박웅양.The electromagnetic wave range relevant to the radiofrequency (RF, 10 kHz – 300 GHz) still has been regarded as a double-bladed issue having a negative potential of bio-toxicities to human and affirmative possibilities to apply in the medical treatment, beyond a general function of mobile telecommunication. To cite application instances of radiofrequency band in therapeutic potential, RF ablation (RFA) is known to provide a controlled heating modality on microscopic tissue targets based on RF electrical current flow (≤ 500 kHz). On the other hand, the medical application with cellular frequency range (300 MHz – 3 GHz) corresponding to wireless communication system has not been extensively investigated. In this study, we have investigated to make possible applications of radiofrequency (1,763 MHz). To explore whether the exposure of this frequency could induce positive biological effect, we monitored hair growth and wound-healing with the mechanism study of calcium induction. We validated the induction of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in WI-38 human fibroblasts at the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 10 W/kg for 1h. In treatment of a calcium channel blocker, gadolinium, the expression level of FGF2 was decreased. In addition, we used C2C12 mouse myoblasts and differentiated in order to induce calcium channel, voltage dependent, L-type, alpha 1S (CACNA1S). The expression of FGF2 was increased upon differentiation of C2C12 under RF irradiation and decreased with treatment of si-CACNA1S. On the other hand, the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was significantly induced upon RF radiation. From these results, we suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposrue stimulates growth factors including FGF2 and IGF-1, and it is expected mobile phone frequency could apply in therapeutic treatment including hair growth or wound-healing.Radiofrequency 주파수 대역에 해당되는 전자파 영역 (10 kHz – 300 GHz)은 통신에 사용되는 일반적인 기능을 넘어 노출에 대한 효과는 아직도 생체에 부정적인지, 치료 등에 이용 가능한 긍정적인지 가능성을 갖는지에 대한 논란이 지속되고 있다. 긍정적인 효과에 대한 예는 고주파 열치료 (radiofrequency ablation)를 들 수 있다. 500 kHz 이하의 전자파 영역 대를 사용하여 미세 조직을 타켓으로 국부적인 열적 효과를 내어 치료에 사용되는 방법이다. 반면에, 휴대폰 등 이동통신 주파수 대역 (300 MHz – 3 GHz)은 치료 등에 응용된 연구는 아직 보고된 바 없다. 이 연구를 통해 1.763 GHz 전자파의 긍정적인 효과에 대해 모발 성장 및 상처 치유 등에 응용 가능성을 생화학적인 방법과 칼슘효과에 대한 기작을 도입하여 확인하였다. 10 W/kg의 SAR 값으로 1시간을 노출하여 WI-38 섬유아세포에서 성장인자 중 하나인 FGF2 (FGF2)가 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 칼슘채널을 저해하는 약물인 gadolinium을 사용하였을 경우는 이 성장인자의 발현이 줄어드는 것이 관찰되었다. 추가적으로, C2C12 근육아세포가 분화시킴으로써 칼슘채널을 발현하는 유전자 중 하나인 CACNA1S (calcium channel, voltage dependent, L-type, alpha 1S)가 발현 증가되는 것을 선행연구를 통해 확인하였고, 본 실험에서 FGF2 발현 증가에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 또 다른 실험 조건으로 모발성장에 대한 효과를 확인하기 위해서 모낭세포 (hDPCs)를 적용하여 IGF-1의 발현 증가 및 실제 모발에서 유의하게 모발 성장이 진행된 것이 관찰되었다. 실험진행에 사용된 10 W/kg SAR 조건에서 1시간 노출하였을 때는 활성산소 (ROS)가 발생되지 않았고, 세포주기도 변하지 않는 것이 관찰되어 안정성에 대해서도 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 특정한 노출조건에서 휴대폰 주파수가 FGF2 및 IGF-1 등의 성장인자를 유도하는 것을 확인하였고, 모발성장이나 상처 치유 등에 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대할 수 있다.Maste

A study on improvement in Thermal Performance of InGaP/GaAs HBT Device by Reducing Thermal Resistance

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기. 컴퓨터공학부, 2011.2. 권영우.Maste

A Study on Parallel of PV PCS Modules for Larger-scale Photovoltaic Power Generation

DoctorThis thesis considers the parallel operation of photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning system (PCS) modules for large-scale PV power generation. This system consists of PCS modules that are connected in parallel and share the dc-link voltage. PCS modules can be easily connected in parallel for high-power extension and independent control of the PCS module is achieved. Since this system does not use communication lines among the PCS modules, sensing signal noise and the mutual interference can be neglected. In addition, the number of PCS modules operating simultaneously can be controlled in accordance with the irradiance. Thus, system efficiency can be maximised and PCS module life time is extended. Further, the system has high availability since it has N + 1 redundancy that is achieved by increasing the power capacity of PCS modules through the use of an additional PCS module. A prototype of the proposed system is implemented at a rated power of 500 kW. Experimental results for parallel operation of PCS modules show the feasibility of the proposed control