인도 농촌사회 연구에 대한 소고 - 촌락연구를 중심으로

인도를 포함한 아시아의 많은 나라들은 지난날 제국주의적 식민지경험을 하였으며 농업이 그들의 경제기반이라고 말할 수 있다. 독립 후 각국은 경제개발계획 등 각종 프로그램을 통해 사회 · 경제적 발전 추구에 열을 올린 것 또한 사실이다. 아시아，특히 동남아시아 및 남아시아에서 인도 대륙은 여러 면에서 주목받을 만하다. 우선 인도는 하나의 거대한 대륙에 다양한 언어， 인종， 종교 등이 공존하기 때문에 다른 사회와 문화를 비교 연구하는 인류학도들에게 상당한 매력을 주는 곳임에 틀림이 없다. 과거의 인도였던 파키스탄，방글라데쉬는 물론이거니와 인근의 네팔，스리랑카 등의 서아시아에서 인도의 사회， 문화， 정치， 경제적 역할과 영향력은 과소평가될 수 없다. 게다가 식민지 경험의 소산이겠지만，동남아시아의 여러 나라에도 인도인과 인도문화가 숨쉬고 있으며，한편으로는 정착지의 문화와 융화·변화하고 있다. 그러므로 인도 사회구조와 문화에 대한 깊은 이해는 아시아 사회의 전반적인 이해에 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을뿐 아니라 아시아 사회가 겪는 사회문화적 변동에 대한 규명에 부분적 기여를 할 수 있으리라 믿어 의심치 않는다. 현재까지도 인도인의 약 3 분의 2 는 농촌지역에 거주하고 있으며，토지를 근간으로 하는 농업이 그들의 생업이라 할 수 있다. 또한 그 어느지역보다 인간과 토지 사이의 관계가 복잡하게 얽혀 있다고 말해도 과언이 아닐 것이다. 인도 사회와 문화를 이해하는 좋은 방법 중의 한 가지로 토지를 매개로 하고 있는 인도 농촌부분의 이해를 들 수 있다. 인도의 농촌부분은 헤아릴 수 없이 크고 작은 촌락( village) 들로 구성되어 있다. 본 글은 인도 국내학자 및 외국학자들의 인도촌락( village) 연구에 대한 전반적인 검토를 통하여 인도 농촌사회의 일면을 소개하고자 한다

사역교체현상과 사건구조 미명세원리

This paper deals with dative verbs and argument structure alternations in terms of the Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon and the On-line Type Construction. Dative verbs and argument structure alternations can be found in the examples like Mary gave a doll to the girl./Mary gave the girl a doll. The meanings of two sentences are different from each other. On the other hand, the verbs like donate can only be used as the dative construction (Joe donated ＄5 to the earthquake relief fund./*Joe donated the earthquake relief fund ＄5.) In section 2, I introduce Pinker (1989)s verb classification, each verb"s lexicosemantic representation and lexical rules. And then I pointed out some problems of his lexical rules. In section 3. I introduce the Koenig (1999)s Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon and the On-line Type Construction. And then I argue that the On-line Type Construction with the lexical structure can be more efficient than the lexical rules. (The University of Suwon

The logical polysemy of the verb bake and the lexical semantic structures

This paper deals with the logical polysemy of the verb bake and the lexical semantic structures in terms of Pustejovskys (2000) binary opposition and event structures. The verb bake can show not only the meaning of the change of state but also the meaning of creation. However, in the meaning of the change of state, it has been known to show the telicity variability. In order to explain this kind of telicity variability systematically, I will discuss Pustejovskys (1995) Generative Lexicon Theory and the co-composition generative mechanism in section 2. In section 3. I will discuss Hay, Kennedy and Levins (1999) telicity variability and Lee Chungmins (2000) modified extended lexical semantic structure. In section 4.

Resultatives and event structures

This paper deals with the properties of the resultative constructions and presents their event structures. At first, the primary syntactic and semantic properties of the resultative constructions are discussed based on Wechsler (2001)'s event-argument homomorphism model. It is pointed out that semantic restrictions on the resultative predicate are deeply related to lexical semantic properties of main verbs and syntactic form of resultative constructions. Next, Levin and Rappaport Hovav (2002)s event structure model is introduced and then its advantages and disadvantages are argued. . Simple and complex event structures and their problems are discussed. Then a modified new event structure model is presented according to its syntactic and semantic properties with its advantages argued

이동양태-결과동사의 상보성과 동사 climb에 대해

영어 이동양태 동사(manner of motion verbs)는 다음 (1a)의 roll처럼 이동하는 행위의 방법을 나타내는 동사로, 그 이동결과는 의미적으로 나타내지 못한다. 따라서 별도로 어디까지 갔다는 결과의 목적지를 첨가해 주어야 한다. 이동결과동사(result verbs)는 다음 (1b)의 enter처럼 어떤 방향으로 이동을 해서 그 결과 어디에 이르렀다는 결과의 의미를 나타내는 동사이다. 그러나 이동방법은 의미적으로 나타내지 못하므로 별도로 running 등의 이동방법을 첨가해 주어야 한다.This paper deals with the complementarity of manner of motion and result verbs and the problem case of the verb climb. In section 2, Ireview Levin (2009)s argument alternations and classicfication of manner and result verbs. In section 3, I will discuss the problem case of the verb climb. Then two explanations of the verb climb will be discussed and then some problems and disadvantages of their explanations are pointed out. In section 4, I discuss Goldbergs (2010) profile theory and Frame Semantic and its advantages. Then I modify Levin and Rappaport Hovav (2008)s event structures of manner and result verbs and the event structure of the verb climb in the point of profile theory. Finally I argue that the modified event structure of the verb climb in the point of profile theory has many advantages.이 논문은 2013학년도 수원대학교 학술진흥연구비 지원에 의한 논문임

Childrens Experiences of International Migration and Transnational Identity with Particular References to Koreyin Children in Gwangju Metropolitan City

이 연구는 광주광역시 광산구 월곡동 소위 고려인마을에 거주하는 일부 고 려인 아동을 연구대상으로 삼아 초국적 이주자로서의 아동이 인식하는 집 (home)에 대한 생각을 분석하고, 더 나아가 가정, 학교, 고려인마을 주변에서 의 일상생활 속에서 이주 아동의 언어 사용을 둘러싸고 드러나는 고려인 아동 의 소속감과 초국적 정체성을 규명하고 있다. 초국적 이주자로서의 고려인 아 동의 집에 대한 개념이나, 가정과 학교 안팎에서의 러시아어 사용을 둘러싼 소속감과 정체성은 이들이 초국적 맥락에 놓여 있다는 사실과 밀접하게 관련 된다. 고려인 아동의 정체성과 소속감 형성은 한국과 본국의 고려인 가족과 친 척과 초국적 관계를 유지하고 있는 점과 관련된다. 한편 고려인 아동에게 러시 아어는 자신의 정체성을 구성하는 데에 매우 핵심적인 요인으로 작용한다. 러 시아어 사용은 한국과 본국의 고려인 공동체와 연결시켜 주는 한편 아동들을 한국의 일상생활 모든 부분에서 한국인으로부터 분리시키고 있다. 러시아어를 토대로 고려인 아동이 표출하는 문화적 차이와 정체성 형성은 이들이 이민 생 활의 발을 딛고 있는 현지뿐만 아니라 초국적 맥락에 동시에 놓여 있는 사실과 관련된다. In this Koryein children–centered research, children move from being treated as passive members of families to being recognized as active agents, dynamic in creating identity and cultural meaning. This research examines the experiences that Koryein children coming from post–soviet countries have gone through due to their migration to Korea. This research explores the following questions: How do Koryein children understand the notion of home? How do Koryein children express their identities around the complexity of homeland, ethnic group, and language in the contexts of daily lives and school? This research argues that the children firstly identify Gwangju as home and introduce the country of family origin as almost equally important. They are likely to talk of home with primarily related to presence of close family and kin members in two countries(Korea and country of origin). After migrating to Korea, most of the children have experienced some emotional distress closely related to finding new friends and learning new language like Korean language. This article finds that language like Russian language has played main role in connecting the children to both Koryein community in Korea and their relatives in countries of origin. At the same time, Russian language seems to disconnect them from Korean people and every conner of their daily lives in Korea. This research also looks at the key role of Russian language in articulating Koryein childrens cultural differences and shaping identities in local and transnational contexts

Argument Structure Alternations of the Locative Verbs and the On-line Type Construction

This paper deals with locative verbs and argument structure alternations in terms of the lexical structures and the principle of the Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon and the On-line Type Construction. Locative verbs and argument structure alternations can be found in the examples like Mary loaded the hay onto the truck/ Mary loaded the truck with the hay. The meanings of two sentences are different from each other. The former indicates the manner of motion, and the latter indicates the change of state. That means that one verb like 'load' has the two different meanings: polysemy. On the other hand. the verb like 'pour' only indicates the manner of motion (Tamara poured water into the bowl./*Tamara poured the bowl\ with water.) and the verb like 'fill' only indicates the change of state,(Bill filled the tank with water./* Bill filled water into the tank) In this paper, I discuss the problems of the lexical rule and argue that the on-line type construction can do better than the lexical rule. And then I modefy the linking principles and lexical structures on locative verbs on the point of the Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon and the On-line Type Construction. In section 2, I introduce Pinker(1989)'s lexical rules. His theory is that the syntactic frame of a verb is predictable from the semantic representation of the verb. Different syntactic frames, therefore, reflect differences in the semantic representations of the verb. However his lexical rules and classification of locative verbs have some problems about the argument structure alternations like the verb 'load and spray'. In section 3. I introduce the Koenig(1999)'s Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon and the On-line Type Construction. And then I argue that the On-line Type Construction can do better than the lexical rule. In section 4. I introduce Davis's(996) lexical structures and linking constraints on the locative verbs and modify them on the point of the Type Underspecified Hierarchical Lexicon. Finally I argue that the modifed lexical structures with the principle of the On-line Type Construction can explain the locative verbs and their argument structure alternations well

Later Lives of Elderly Generation in Context of International Migration with Particular Reference to Uzbekistani Koryein Older People in Gwangju Metropolitan

이 연구는 국내에서 손자녀 돌봄과 가사를 전담하며 조부모 노릇을 하 고 있는 우즈베키스탄 출신 고려인 노년세대가 한국에서 경험하는 단조로 운 일상의 반복, 사회 · 경제적 독립성 상실, 정체성 등에 관한 서사를 분석 함으로써, 이들의 복지, 초국적 이주자로서의 정체성, 한국 이주생활의 전망 등을 규명하는 것을 주요 목적으로 삼고 있다. 한국생활에서 고려인 노년층 은 손자녀 돌봄과 가사 전담이라는 과중하고 단조로운 일상생활과 제한된 사회적 네트워크로 인한 사회적 고립감 및 경제적 독립성의 상실로 육체 적 · 정서적 복지와 관련된 부정적 경험을 하고 있다. 이들은 본국에 남아 있는 가족 돌봄과 주택 및 연금 관리 등을 위해 주기적으로 국경을 넘나드 는 초국적 노년을 보내고 있다. 고려인 노년세대는 한국에서 경험하는 이 질성과 차별로 인해 맥락에 따라 우즈벡인, 소비에트인, 한민족이라는 다중 적 민족 정체성을 표출한다. 이 연구는 국제이주의 맥락에서 노년의 삶이 이미 전지구화와 이주에 의해 크게 영향을 받고 있으며, 초국가주의와 이주 에 대한 추후 연구가 노년 세대의 초국적 이주 경험에 관한 서사에 특별한 관심을 가져야 할 것을 강조하고 있다. This study aims at exploring the later lives of Koryein elderly generation who raise grandchildren and perform the domestic labour, which permits their adult children to pursue Korean immigration dreams. It is quite true to say that transnational older people and their contributions to roles of care-givers for adult children and grandchildren in the context of migrations have been largely ignored by researchers on international migrations. This study finds that Koryein elderly generation in Korea suffer from social isolation and economic dependent during their everydays working extensive hours. By analysing data on Koryein elderly generations narratives of adjustment to foreign environment, experiences of language barrier and loss of economic power, and confusion of self-identity caused by discrimination, this paper tries to examine their problems of physical and emotional well-beings, identities as transnational elderly migrants, and prospects for migrants lives in Korea. This study also provides insights into some of ways that the meaning of home may shift in a transnational context by focusing on some narratives of Koryein older people as transnational migrants moving back and forth between Korea and Uzbekistan in terms of kin-works, management of house and bank accounts in country of origin. This study on transnational Koryein elderly generation clearly shows that scenarios of later lives of older people have been largely affected by international migration and globalization. Furthermore, this paper argues that transnational aging must be viewed as both an important research perspective and agenda for further studies on international migration

The Construction of Ethnic Identity among Indo-Fijians in Australia

This study aims at exploring the processes of ethnic identity construction among Indo-Fijians in Australia. If we understand the notion of ethnicity as mutable or changeable, then one"s ethnic identity is a composite of the view one has of oneself and the views held by others about one"s ethnic identity. The Indo-Fijians in Australia are "twice migrants" who relocated a second time from Fiji primarily due to the military coup in 1987 led by the Fiji native military. The ancestors of the Indo-fijians had came to Fiji as "indentured labourers" from 1879 to 1916. This type of migration can be contrasted with those Indians who migrated directly from India to Australia: Indo- Fijians had lived much longer overseas, their regional origins in the Indian Continental were different and they had some distinct experiences as overseas settlers. As a result of their severance, they felt they had no connection with the networks on the subcontinent. In general, white Australians, who fail to recognize of the Indo-Fijians" distinctive accents, style and mannerisms, tend to lump them into the generalized category of " Indians" or "South Asians." Meanwhile those Indian settlers who have come to Australia directly tend to perceive Indo-Fijians as "semi-Indians" or "inferior." Though physically similar to themselves, they often talk, dress and act in uncustomary ways. While Indo-Fijians are regularly identified as "South Asians" by most whites. they are also socially and culturally marginalized by most other South Asians, especially direct Indian migrants. It is incorrect to state that Indo-Fijian Identity is based only on the cultural content (dress, language, etc) and physical features of the Indo-Fijians. Although it is possible to differentiate Indo- Fijians from direct Indian migrants through the difference in language usage, dress, culinary habits, social organization etc, the ethnic identity should not be seen as given or long-established. The ethnic identity of Indo-Fijians is the result of a dialectical process involving internal and external opinions and processes, as well as Indo-Fijians" self-identification and outsiders" (White and direct Indian migrants) designations. When Indo-Fijians (perceived as a minority group in Australia) encounter opposition from the direct Indian migrant group (the majority group in terms of number of persons, educational careers, wealth etc), they may tum to their own ethnic history/history of indenture) and culture and intensify their attachments to these factual and symbolic phenomena. But this history and culture are not "primodial" but rather are themselves constructions. It is very important to find specific devices and mechanisms of cultural reproduction, including ethnic identity. We must examine the actual practices that Indo-Fijians have developed to preserve and transmit its culture. Indo-Fijians have taken advantage of social networks and cultural institutions already established in Fiji to preserve their identity. One of the actual practices among Indo-Fijians in Australia is Ramayan Mandli(Ramayana Association), which is based on residence. Organizations such as Ramayan Mandli will foster and preserve a unique sense of Indo-Fijian identity