15 research outputs found

    Real-time Eye Blink Detection System for Driver's Side Face in Autonomous Driving Envirnonment

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณตํ•™์ „๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์‘์šฉ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ๊น€์„ฑ์šฐ.์ตœ๊ทผ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šด์ „์ž ๋“ค์€ ์šด์ „์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ด๋จผํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋„์›€์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „์ด ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์›Œ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์กธ ์Œ์— ๋น ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กธ์Œ์—์„œ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ฃผํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์•ž๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๋•Œ์— ์กธ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„์ ‘์ด‰์‹ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์—”ํ„ฐํ…Œ์ด๋จผํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์„ ์„ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กธ์Œ์„ ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์šด์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œจํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด์ „์ž ์กธ์Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กธ์Œ ์šด์ „์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋จผ์ € ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ผ๊ตด ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ์ž…์˜ ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ฐพ ์•„๋‚ธ ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ธ์„๋•Œ์— ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜ ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ python ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ opencv๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” MobileNet SSD ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์–ผ๊ตด ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์  ๊ฐ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ๋Š” Regression Tree ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น ๋ฅธ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์–ผ๊ตด ์ฃผ์š” ์ง€์ ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋Š” ์•ž์—์„œ ์ฐพ์€ ์–ผ๊ตด ์ง€์ ์˜ 2D ์ขŒํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Perspective-n-Point ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ผ๊ตด์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜ ์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜† ์–ผ๊ตด์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šดํ…œ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์˜†์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„๋•Œ์— ์กธ์Œ์„์ด์ „์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋”์ž˜๊ฐ์ง€ํ• ์ˆ˜์žˆ์Œ์„ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋ฌด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์กธ์Œ์„ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.As many cars in the second level of autonomous driving (SAE level 2) start to appear, drivers are shifting their gaze to the cars entertainment system instead of focusing on driving. However, there are still several steps left ahead until we reach the stage of fully autonomous driving. Meanwhile, we need a system that can help drivers focus on the road and avoid drowsiness. Previous studies focused on methods for detecting drowsiness have been conducted in a manual driving environment when the driver is look- ing straight ahead, not in an autonomous driving environment when driver is looking in different directions. Therefore, this study researched and de- veloped a drowsiness prevention system in an autonomous driving environ- ment by a non-contact method, using a camera. The system warns drivers to stay focused on driving when they are paying attention to the entertainment system or feeling drowsy. The drowsiness of the driver was determined by the following steps. First, the drivers face was recognized, followed by the main points of the drivers face. Then, the necessary main points of the eye and mouth were found. Finally, the pose of the head was determined through the found main points. Additionally, the system was designed with an algorithm that cor- rects the eye size when the head is turned to the side, a task many systems in the market fail to achieve. In this paper, OPENCV was mainly used in the python development environment. High-performance MobileNet-SSD is adopted as a face detec- tion model. For facial landmark detection, regression trees were used. As for the head posture, the Perspective-n-Point method using the 2D coordinates of the face points found earlier, were used to estimate the direction of the face rotation, and also correct the size of the eye from the side view of face. Through this study, it was confirmed that in a level 2 autonomous driv- ing environment, the drivers drowsiness can be better detected when the driver is looking to the side. Applying the results of this study on a real word product will help determine the drivers drowsiness more accurately, thus securing software competitiveness.I. ์„œ๋ก  - 1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์  - 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ - 6 II. ๊ด€๋ จ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - 7 2.1 EuroNCAP์•ˆ์ „๊ด€๋ จํ‰๊ฐ€์—๋Œ€ํ•œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ - 7 2.2 ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„ - 11 2.3 ์กธ์Œ์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค - 14 2.4 ์ ์™ธ์„ ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋…ผ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• -18 2.5 ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ์–ผ๊ตด๊ฐ์ง€๋ชจ๋ธ - 18 2.6 ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜์ฐจ์ด์  - 19 III. ์กธ์Œ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์‹œ์Šคํ…œ - 22 3.1 ์–ผ๊ตด๊ฐ์ง€ - 24 3.2 ์–ผ๊ตด์ฃผ์š”์ง€์ ๊ฐ์ง€ - 25 3.3 ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ž์„ธ๊ฐ์ง€ - 26 3.4 ๋ˆˆํฌ๊ธฐ๊ต์ • - 27 3.5 ๋ˆˆ๊นœ๋นก์ž„๊ฐ์ง€ - 28 3.6 ํ•˜ํ’ˆ๊ฐ์ง€ - 31 3.7 ์กธ์Œ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค - 32 IV. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ - 33 4.1 ์‹คํ—˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ - 33 4.2 ์–ผ๊ตด๊ฐ์ง€๋ชจ๋ธ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต - 35 4.3 ๋œฌ๋ˆˆ์˜EAR๊ณผ๊ฐ์€๋ˆˆ์˜EAR์ฐจ์ด์‹คํ—˜ - 36 4.4 EAR๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋น„๊ต์‹คํ—˜ - 37 4.5 ๋ˆˆ๊นœ๋นก์ž„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹คํ—˜ - 38 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  - 40 5.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ - 40 5.2 ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ - 41 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ - 42 Abstract - 45 ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ - 47์„

    A Study on the classification and mapping methods of wetlands in Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™์ „๊ณต,2002.Docto
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