국어과 예비 교사의 수업 시연에 나타난 문제 양상 고찰

본 연구에서는 국어과 예비교사의 수업 시연 영상의 도입 단계와 마무리 단계에 나타난 문제 양상을 비평적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 수업의 도입 단계의 학습 분위기 조성 범주에서는 교수자 중심의 발화의 문제가, 수업의 전시 학습 확인과 관련된 활동에서는 교수자 중심의 전시 학습 확인, 본 차시와 연계성이 없는 전시 학습 확인, 본시 학습에 비효율적인 분량의 전시 확인의 문제가 확인되었다. 학습 목표 제시 과정에서는 단순 지식을 유도하는 형태 구성과 본시 학습 내용이 구체적으로 제시된 동기유발, 단순 흥미를 고려한 매체(보조)자료 오용 등이 문제였다. 마무리 단계의 수행의 평가 범주에서는 교수자 중심의 내용 점검, 자기 및 동료 평가 활동의 생략 등이 문제로 나타났다. 파지 및 전이 촉진 범주에서는 가정 학습 활동을 위한 활동지 활용의 문제와 단원 또는 텍스트에 대한 단편적 안내(예고)에 그치는 문제가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 수업 시연 이전 예비 교사에게 보편적 수업 단계(과정)에서 발생할 수 있는 문제를 사전에 인지시키고 관련 사례를 통해 본인의 교수·학습과정 설계에 참고, 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study critically analyzes the problem patterns occurring in the shown in the introduction and final stages of the Korean language departments preliminary teachers video demonstrations. In the learning atmosphere category of the introduction stage of the class, the problem of professor-centered speech was identified. In the activities regarding confirmation of previous learning, there were several problems identified, including professor-centered exhibition learning, non-linked previous learning, and inefficient amount of learning. In the course of present learning objectives, course, problems included forms that induce simple knowledge, motivation that specifically presented the contents of the study, and misuse of media (subsidiary data) considering simple interest. In the evaluation of performance category of the final stage, problems such as professors-centered content checking and omission of self-and peer-evaluation activities were problematic. In the Enhance retention and transfer to the job category, in the use of activity sites for home learning, and the fragmentary guidance (announcement) for units or texts posed problems. These findings will help prospective teachers be aware of possible problems in the universal class stage (course) prior to class practice and refer to them while designing their own teaching and learning courses through relevant examples

Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin on Uterine Motility II. Effect on plasma sex hormone level during estrous cycle of rat

In the previous experiment. one of authors reported that diminished effect af exogenous hCG on the uterine motility is probably due to the alteration of ovarian function. In this study. the experiment was designed ta determine whether diminished uterine motility induced by hCG is mediated through the altered secretian of ovarian steroids. The cyclic changes in the concentration of plasma estradiol, progesterone and testosterone during estrous cycle were measured in the rats having a regular 5 day-cycle. and the effects of previous hCG administrations on the concentrations were observed. The rats were divided into three groups, namely, the control, the rats stimulated with hCG on the day of proestrus and the rats stimulated with hCG continuously during the entire estrous cycle. Peripheral blood collections were performed arbitrarily at 10: 00 a.rn. on the day of proestrus because of a wide diurnal variation and to fix sampling time throughout the remainder of the estrous cycle. Values obtained on each day of the cycle were compared with the values observed during another day of the cycle on the one hand, and with the values of another groups on the other hand. Following were the results: 1. Plasma progesterone levels of normal rats varied somewhat from day to day: the concentration tended to increase on the day of estrus and it was further elevated on the morning of mctaestrus and then declined on diestrus. 2. Single stimulation of hCG on the day of proestrus showed a slight increase in plasma progesterone concentration of estrus and metaestrus but the differences were not significant as compared to the control rats. 3. Continuous stimulation of hCG resulted in a marked increase in plasma progesterone concentration especially on the day of metaestrus. Stimulation could still be effective on the day of diestrus although the changes wer~ not so wide. 4. During the latter half of the estrous cycle, there were no significant differences in plasma estradiol levels between the rats with both single or continuous hCG stimulation and control rats, although the levels tended to be higher in the rats with stimulation than in the control animals. 5. There were no significant variations in the mean concentration of testosterone in peripheral blood during the entire estrous cycle of the control rats. 6. Single injection of hCG on the day of proestrus induced an insignificant rise in plasma testosterone level, however, marked elevation was observed by continual stimulation. 7. From above results, the followings are suggested: a) hCG acts on the ovulated ovary promoting progesterone and testosterone release and to a lesser ex- tent estrogen. b) A significant effect of hCG on progesterone secretion rather than estrogen may contribute to the diminished uterine motility. c) A significant effect of hCG on plasma testosterone concentration could probably modify the estrogen activity