3 research outputs found

    The influence of the political goal seeking on the public goods in the local waterworks

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ๊น€์ƒํ—Œ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ์—… ์žฌ์ •์•…ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์งˆ์•…ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜๋„๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ณต์ต์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1991๋…„ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜์ œ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ง€์ž์ฒด์žฅ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์‹œ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋“ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์„ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ถ”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ›„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ์—…์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ณต์ต์—๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ž์ฒด์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์ž์ฒด์žฅ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ 1์œ„์™€ 2์œ„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋“ํ‘œ์œจ์ฐจ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž…์ง€ํ‘œ์™€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„๋ณด์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์˜ ํˆฌ์ž…์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์™€ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ ์š”๊ธˆ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ›„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์™€ ์š”๊ธˆํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์š”๊ธˆ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž๋น„๋Š” ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ›„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ „(2008๋…„~2010๋…„)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„(2010๋…„~2012๋…„)์—๋Š” ์š”๊ธˆํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ์€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์š”๊ธˆ๋™๊ฒฐ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž๋น„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ „ ํˆฌ์žํ™•๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ ํ›„์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ ์š”๊ธˆ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์š”๊ธˆํ˜„์‹คํ™”์œจ์€ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ ํˆฌ์ž๋น„๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„์š”๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์š”๊ธˆ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊บผ๋ คํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋„์š”๊ธˆ์€ ์ธํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์š”๊ธˆ๋™๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋“๊ถŒํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋นผ์•—์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณต์ง€์  ์ง€์ถœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์š”๊ธˆ๋™๊ฒฐ ์œ ์ธ๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•ž๋‘๊ณ  ๋™์›๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์žฌ์›์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ์— ์„  ํ›„๋ณด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€ํ•˜๋งค์„ค๋ฌผ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋„์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์šฐ์„  ์œ ์ธ์€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜๋„์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ž…์•ก ์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท  ์•ฝ 13%์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ง€์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ œ์•ฝ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์šด์˜์€ ์ •์น˜์  ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์š”๊ธˆ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž ํ–‰ํƒœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ ๋…ธํ›„ํ™”์™€ ๋…ธํ›„๊ด€ ํ™•๋Œ€, ์ˆ˜์งˆ์•…ํ™”, ์ ์ž์žฌ์ •์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์šด์˜์€ ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ ๊ณต์ต์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.The goal of this research is to find out why the problems like a decline in the quality of tap water and the aggravation of financial condition related to public goods are worsening in the water business of the local government. Along with the autonomous local government system was launched in 1991, thee lection of the mayors started as well. As a result of this change, understandably, the local water business came to be under the influence of the mayors' political considerations of maximizing the votes. Therefore, this study is to search for how the local heads' goal seeking for re-election affects the local water business depending on the pre and post election period and such a goal seeking behaviour affects the public goods in the water businessaswell. In order to analyse how much politically affected the mayors are, the political competition, calculated by the rate gap of votes earned between the first and second runner, is taken as the independent variable. When the dependent variables taken, the possibility of the political competition and the electoral influence was considered among various input and output indicators in the field of water business. In other words, under the surroundings of political competition, because the runners are trying to maximize the votes earned through both the social development investment and welfare, the two indicators was chosen as the dependent variables, the investmentcost(IC) into the water pipes and the rates of recovering costs from water prices(RRC). This research has been implemented through the regression analysis to see whether the dependent variables go through the political business cycle and how much influence able the political competition will be on both IC and RRC. The analysis showed the following results. First, the IC and RRC have showed that the two dependent variables go through the political business cycle. The RCC has increased more for the post-election period than the pre-election period because of the freezing of water prices and the IC has relatively decreased for the post-election period comparing the increase for the pre-election period. Second, there is no meaningful correlation that the political competition affects the IC and the RCC. The IC had a signif icant relation with fiscal self-reliance ratio of the local government and the RCC had the same with the subsidies. The waterworks of the local government have the political business cycle but the influence of the political competition isn't that much on the local water business. In termsof the water prices,it doesn't fit well with the normal knowledge that the severer the political competitio is, the more reluctant the mayors is to raise the prices. Because it's impossible to raise the water prices and the prices freezing is characterized by the indirect welfare spending, which means that the mayors had already implemented the welfare spending so long as the mayors didn't take away the vested rights from the citizen. Under this situation, it seems that the factor of the political competition can only give the grounds for the freezing of water prices. And also for the election candidates, facing the situation that they have to maximize the votes earned by making the most out of the all possible resources, the underground utilities like the water pipes couldn't give the mayors a motivation to put a priority. On top of that, most of the local governments subsidized equally to the amount of approximately 13% of the annual average income in the water business sector, under the soft budget constraints, barely tend to have a strong relationship with the political competition, because they have to consider how much the subsidyis. Finally, it's very difficult for the local water businesses in Korea susceptible to the political influence to secure the proper income so that they can't avoid depending up on the subsidy. Sucha unreasonable investment behaviour caused the deterioration of water supply facilities, the aging of water pipes, the decline in tap water quality and the deficit finance. Consequently, the politic-oriented way of business management is affecting the water-related public goods in a negative way.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์œ„โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™6 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™10 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜์™€ ์„ ๊ฑฐโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™10 1. ์ฃผ์ธ-๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ถ„๊ถŒํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ œ์•ฝโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™11 2. ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ด๋ก โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™14 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ† โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™17 1. ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™17 2. ์ˆ˜๋—๋ฌผ ๊ณต์ต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™21 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™24 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™24 1. ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™24 2. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™24 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™27 4. ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ก์˜โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™30 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ •โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™31 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™31 2. ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ •โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™32 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„ ์„ ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™41 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ„์„โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™45 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™46 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™49 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™50 Abstractโˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™โˆ™53Maste
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