45 research outputs found
Language Policies of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan: From Nationalism to Multiculturalism
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Έλ ₯κ³Ό λ³νμ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄ν΄λ³΄κΈ° μν μ°κ΅¬μ μΌνμΌλ‘, μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μΈμ΄μ μ±
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보λ€λ λ μ¬νν΅ν©μ μ±μ·¨ν κ²μ΄λΌλ κ²μ 보μ¬μ€λ€. This research aims at contributing to the discussion of multicultural policies by analyzing the efforts of language policies for social integration and harmony in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. After its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan adopted a nationalistic monolingual policy in the process of state-building, making the majority Kyrgyz language the official language of the state. In the mid-1990s, Kyrgyzstan changed from the monolingual policy to a bilingual policy, declaring the Russian language an official language, too. This study traces the process of transformation to multicultural language policies and finds the policy implications. It deals with analytical theories, language conflicts, nationalism, and post-Soviet state-formation in Kyrgyzstan. It finds that ethno-linguistic conflicts in Kyrgyzstan were provoked by the state's policies that differentiated between languages and consequently required a shift from nationalist to multicultural language policies. It also suggests that multicultural policies are well adjusted to fulfill human rights standards pertaining to minorities and more likely to attain social integration in multiethnic societies than assimilationist and differentialist policies
Enhancement of Territorial Representation in the Electoral Redistricting for the 20th National Assembly Election
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νμ μμΌλ‘ λ°μλ€μ΄λ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ κ°νν νμκ° μλ€.This study addresses the necessity of fair redistricting to fulfill the current population deviation criterion of 2:1 recently established by the Constitutional Court and improving the characteristics of territorial representation. In order to discuss the direction of redistricting for the 20th General Election, this study examines the standards that can enhance representation, such as compactness of electoral district shape and maintenance of local communities like administrative districts and living areas. First, the study examines the theoretical discussion of institutional reforms to ensure fair redistricting and then explores the changes in the number of electoral districts that can occur with the 2:1 criterion. Second, it tracks key issues of population and territorial representation, which have been disputed in Korean redistricting efforts. Third, it discusses ways to strengthen territorial representation of electoral districts. Specifically, this study suggests the need for an independent redistricting commission to prepare a redistricting proposal with adequate time that considers geographical characteristics such as local community solidarity, equal population, and compactness of shape when drawing the boundaries of electoral districts. The adoption of a regional proportional representation system would improve territorial representation. The National Assemblys role in adopting these redistricting proposals as final ones is an important step in the direction for reform